Technical Condition Of Buildings Research Articles

Database for Monitoring the Technical Condition of Structures as an Integral Part of Industrial Safety

Purpose. Development of a database designed to systematization and store information on the technical condition of industrial structures based on the results of periodic visual and instrumental surveys. Methodology. The information system includes a database, a database management system and an application programme. The most appropriate type of database for monitoring the technical condition of structures is a relational structure. The database model covers owners, buildings, structures, quantitative and qualitative parameters of defects and damage, strength indicators of building structures and tilt of industrial structures. Findings. Structural query language was used in the process of developing a database for monitoring the technical condition of industrial facilities. The created database "Monitoring" includes interconnected tables that provide holistic and efficient storage of information. The tables are linked using foreign keys, which provides easy access and data management. The tables are conditionally divided into those that users fill in and those that are filled in in accordance with legislative and regulatory documents at the stage of database creation. This approach to building a database ensures structured storage of information on the technical condition of buildings, taking into account regulations and legislation. The integration of tables filling in by users and pre-filled tables creates a system that increases the efficiency of monitoring the technical condition of industrial structures. Originality. The scientific novelty of the proposed database lies in an innovative approach to structuring and integrating various types of data related to the technical condition of industrial structures. The system offers an effective combination of data from different formats and sources into a single information space and will further provide a comprehensive analysis of the condition of building structures, which is one of the key factors of industrial safety. Practical value. It is intended to improve the efficiency of industrial structures maintenance and exploitation safety, and provides tools for storing the results of monitoring the condition of building structures.

Monitoring system for the construction of buildings in the area of mining exploitation impact

Observations of building structures in mining areas, reveal the occurrence of periodic and permanent excessive loading situations. These include ground deformations associated with the extraction of underground mineral deposits. In urban areas, these deformations significantly alter the operating conditions of building structures. For this reason, forecasts of ground transformation and analyses of possible changes in the technical condition of buildings on the ground surface are made in advance, even before mining is commenced. Taking into account previous in-house experience of the observed effects of mining impacts on building structures, an original method of monitoring changes in the condition of these structures has been developed. The aim of the monitoring is to record phenomena that change the operating conditions of the structures. In the developed method, measurements are made quasi-continuously using strain and deflection sensors mounted directly on structural elements. In the mining area affected by the mining operation being carried out in the years 2020 - 2022, and with a further one planned in the years 2023 - 2024, through the extraction of 14 coal parcels, three public utilities of special interest were monitored. The measurement results of deformation changes in the elements allow for an assessment of changes in the stress state of the structures, and the integration of sensors mounted on the structures into a wireless network fulfils the demands for maintaining public safety conditions in mining areas. It also contributes to the analysis of fatigue issues in masonry structures due to long-term multidirectional loads.

Анализ повреждений и дефектов ремонтно-эксплуатационного блока компрессорной станции

The need to maintain the technical condition of buildings with a significant service life determines the regularity of their inspection. The paper presents the analysis of the results of the inspection of the building of the repair and operational block of the compressor station. The analysis of the design documentation and the results of the measurement work showed that the construction is a one-story basementless building with dimensions of 54.62x18.74x5.9 m. The performed visual examination showed the presence of damages and defects of the third and fourth categories, which requires certain actions to eliminate them. Visual examination showed the need for instrumental examination. In particular, the need to determine the strength of brickwork and the strength of concrete in structures. The analysis of the results of the instrumental examination showed: the results of testing the wall masonry by the shock pulse method using the ONIKS 2.5 device showed that the compressive strength grade of silicate and ceramic bricks of the walls of the repair and maintenance block corresponds to M100, and the grade of masonry mortar is M50; The results of concrete testing by the non-destructive method of strength control in accordance with GOST 22690-88 with the DigiShmidt 2000 device showed that the class of concrete in terms of compressive strength in reinforced concrete slabs of the covering of the repair and operational block corresponds to B20, and the class of concrete in reinforced concrete beams of the covering corresponds to B25. The verification calculation showed that the strength of the reinforced concrete pavement of the repair and maintenance unit under the full design load acting at the time of the survey was ensured. The analysis showed that the technical condition of the maintenance and operation unit is of limited serviceability. The work provides recommendations for eliminating defects and damages.

ОЦЕНКА ВЕСОМОСТИ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ ЗДАНИЙ И СООРУЖЕНИЙ

The article presents the author's approach to determining the weight of indicators of the technical condition of buildings and structures, which allows solving the problem of increasing the reliability and effectiveness of assessing their real readiness for use for their intended purpose. The implementation of this approach is based on the experience of solving practical problems in assessing the technical condition of buildings and structures, when the weight of their indicators cannot be directly measured. In this case, it is proposed to use expert ranking methods to determine it and direct evaluation. The effectiveness of their use largely depends on it depends on the competence of evaluating experts and the consistency of their opinions on the issues under study, which are established by determining the coefficients of awareness and argumentation of experts and step-by-step solution of research tasks based on the use of the rank correlation method. A distinctive aspect of the described approach to assessing the weight of indicators of the technical condition of buildings and structures is the establishment of a criterion for determining their importance for solving the tasks set, as well as uniform rules for measuring them. The proposed procedure for assessing the weight of the investigated problems has been successfully tested during the survey of protective structures of the executive authorities of the Russian Federation. It can be recommended to determine a reliable assessment of the technical condition of buildings and structures for various purposes.

The material and technical condition of the outpatient polyclinic in Russian Federation: analysis of the current situation

The article analyzes the main indicators of the technical condition of buildings of outpatient medical organizations (units) in the Russian Federation for the period 2012–2019. The number of outpatient medical organizations (units) in emergency condition and requiring demolition tended to decrease from 215 units to 96 for the period from 2012 to 2017 in the Russian Federation. The number of units requiring reconstruction in the Russian Federation declined from 511 to 179 for 2012–2019. The number of units requiring major overhaul in the Russian Federation went down from 4,347 to 2,378 for the period from 2012 to 2018, and in 2019 rose sharply to 4,113. The number of units located in adapted premises increased from 6,723 to 8,126 for 2014–2019 in the Russian Federation. The number of units located in the rented area in the Russian Federation decreased from 1,443 to 1,414 for 2014–2019. The number of units with central water supply went up from 17559 to 19440 for 2012–2019 in the Russian Federation. The number of units with hot water supply in the Russian Federation increased from 13,012 to 15,124 for 2012–2019. The number of units with central heating rose from 16,893 to 17,546 for 2012–2019 in the Russian Federation. The number of units with a central sewer went up from 17,111 to 18,969 in the Russian Federation for 2012–2019. The number of units with telephone communication increased from 17,806 to 19,266 for 2012–2019 in the Russian Federation. The number of units with autonomous power supply rose from 941 to 1,227 in the Russian Federation for 2012–2019. The total number of outpatient medical organizations (units) in the study period increased by 7.9 %. The number of buildings requiring renovation and modernization between 2012 and 2018 tended to decrease. Not all indicators have a positive trend. Health care modernization is not completely structural.

Technical condition of buildings of outpatient medical organizations (units) in the Russian Federation

Introduction: The current material and technical conditions of the buildings of the state healthcare system of the Russian Federation (RF) is associated with the availability of medical care to the population. The reduction of this parameter influences the quality of life of the population. To improve the provision of the RF population with outpatient medical care, a profound material and technical restructuring and modernization of primary care setting is necessary.
 Aim: To analyze the main parameters of the technical condition of buildings of medical organizations of outpatient care (MOOC) in the RF for 20122019.
 Materials and methods: The study used data from Federal statistical observation form No. 30 "Information about a Medical Organization" in the RF for 20122019. Data were analyzed statistically using descriptive and analytical statistics and analysis of dynamic series. Absolute and relative parameters of the technical condition of MOOC buildings were calculated. Trend analysis was the main methods used.
 Results: In 20122017, the number of MOOC buildings in disrepair and requiring demolition tended to decrease from 215 to 96 units. In 20122019, the number of MOOC buildings requiring reconstruction decreased from 511 to 179. In 20122018, the number of MOOC buildings requiring full repair decreased from 4,347 to 2,378. However, in 2019, the number sharply increased to 4,113. In 20142019, the number of MOOC buildings located in adapted premises increased from 6,723 to 8,126 units. In 20142019, the number of MOOC buildings located in rented areas decreased from 1,443 to 1,414. In 20122019, the number of MOOC buildings with hot water supply, central water supply, central heating, central sewer drainage, telephone communication, and autonomous power supply increased.
 Conclusion: The total number of MOOC in the study period increased by 7.9%. The number of buildings requiring repair and modernization in 20122019 tended to decrease. Not all parameters show a positive tendency, and the modernization of healthcare is structurally incomplete.

URBAN ASPECTS OF ENSURING REQUIREMENTS FOR RELIABILITY AND DURABILITY OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT

The analysis of the results of researches of the technical condition of buildings and structures of urban development from the point of view of compliance with the requirements for their reliability and durability is done. A complex program of events to ensure compliance with the requirements of reliability and durability of buildings and structures exploited for a long time in difficult engineering-geological conditions is proposed. The program of events includes a list of necessary actions that will bring buildings and structures of urban development into proper technical condition and maintain it in compliance with the requirements of regulatory documents. First, it is proposed to determine the current technical state and the deformed state of the construction object with preliminary deformations, the damage degree and the number of changes made to the project’s structural part, taking into account the variety of urban development objects, their structural systems, initial technical condition, exploitation conditions, current loads and impacts, etc. An algorithm of moderation of a survey of the technical condition, determination preliminary deformations, choosing design situations, forming computational models using prognostic and retrograde modeling is shown. Methods of checking the adequacy of computational models by comparing them with solutions obtained using well-known methods of structural mechanics, exact solutions given in the scientific literature, or the results of experimental studies are presented. The necessity of analyzing the actual state of the bearing structures, the presence of defects and damages, as well as significant changes in the structural system of the building in connection with the finished local reconstructions, for example, arranging the new openings or the expansion of the existing openings in the bearing structures of external and internal walls, the use of reinforcement structures of specific elements, installation of new and expansion of existing balconies, annexes, superstructures, changes in the purpose of specific compartments, especially if all of it was of a spontaneous character and was not officially formalized with permits, is proved.

MODELS, METHODS, AND MEANS OF REPRODUCTION OF EXPERT KNOWLEDGE IN INTELLIGENT SUPPORT SYSTEM BUILDING-TECHNICAL EXPERTISE

The paper is devoted to solving such a scientific and practical problem as the creation of computerized infocommunication systems for support building-technical expertise to determine the causes of destruction and deformation of buildings and structures. The analysis of the current state of expert activity within the framework of building-technical expertise is carried out. Perspective directions of the introduction of intelligent infocommunication systems in the course of performance of building-technical expertise and expert researches are outlined. The architecture of Intelligent Support System Building-Technical Expertise and the communication scheme of experts with the system are shown. To mapping expert knowledge formalized in the form of fuzzy associative rules to the memory card of the Cascade ARTMAP category fuzzy artificial neural network, it is proposed to use a fuzzy Mamdani-type inference system. The main input data, on the basis of which a fuzzy conclusion is realized to establish the degree of influence of various environmental factors on the technical condition of buildings and structures, are systematized and presented in a form acceptable for processing by computerized systems. At the same time, the main focus is on the study of facilities that are built and operated on subsidence loess soils. The process of formalization of heuristics, which is based on the formation of associations related to information on the position of signs of deterioration of the technical condition of the objects of expertise and the position of the changed soil, is described. Examples of interpretation and fuzzification of input information on soil properties, characteristics of the soil base of the object of building-technical expertise, and the surrounding area are given. The described approach provides an opportunity to reduce the risks of making wrong decisions by using the system as an intelligent database. The use of an artificial fuzzy neural network of the Cascade ARTMAP category gives the system the ability to form an expert conclusion on the degree of influence of various environmental factors on the technical condition of objects in the fuzzy conditions of a partially observed environment.

RENOVATION OF ARCHITECTURE OBJECTS OF THE BRANCH OF COMMUNAL SERVICES

The analysis of the results of the examination of the technical condition of buildings and structures of enterprises in the sphere of public utilities has been carried out. The basic principles and methods of functional and technological renovation of architectural objects are revealed, accompanied by the transformation of the architectural space and planning schemes of industrial buildings and structures. A number of architectural and structural studies have been carried out in the direction of finding optimal technical solutions for repair, restoration of operational ability and reconstruction of industrial architecture objects in the field of public services for the purpose of their renovation. Technical reports based on the results of technical condition survey of building constructions of buildings and structures exploited for a long time, especially if there were long breaks in exploitation and maintenance, should include a section “Activities to renovate the object”. There is a need to adjust the regulatory framework for design and construction in order to speed up the process of “survey – renovation project – construction of the object”, as well as to restore and improve the base of the construction industry for the implementation of renovation projects. Complicating factors in the process of developing renovation projects of buildings and structures are the lack of design documentation for most facilities, lack of quality certificates for building structures and materials of buildings and structures, the long process from technical inspection to implementation of working design documentation, lack of interest of city authorities in development and renovation of service facilities.

Technical and Structural Problems Related to the Interaction between a Deep Excavation and Adjacent Existing Buildings

Currently, new housing in city centers is more and more often developed on small plots of land, or existing buildings on such plots are rebuilt to such an extent that only their façade walls remain. In both cases, as a rule, a deep excavation is also made, either at the existing object or within its area. Serious damage often occurs because of the carried out work. It is not possible to accurately determine the response of a building to the deformation associated with the excavation due to the variability of many factors that influence it. As a result, the response of the building must be estimated on the basis of constant monitoring and approximate calculations. Depending on the size of the predicted ground displacements and the technical condition of buildings, it is often necessary to protect or strengthen their structural elements. In the paper, the authors analyzed various risk factors for the implementation of infill buildings and the revitalization of historic buildings using only their façade walls. In addition, examples of contemporary solutions for securing the walls of existing buildings, and the method of monitoring vertical deformations using the Hydrostatic Levelling Cell (HLC) system, are presented.

Modern principles of strategic planning for the central part development in Tambov

Unfortunately, modern mass construction does not take into account all the influencing factors on buildings, however, considerable experience has been accumulated over the past decades of design, construction and operation. A method of zoning the central part of the city, taking into account the peculiarities of the engineering-geological and hydrogeological structure of the territory, the terrain, the nature of the development and the technical condition of buildings, has been proposed. Significant areas of dilapidated housing have been marked. The concept of strategic planning and the rules for the development of promising areas in the central part of Tambov, taking into account the peculiarities of its structure, have been developed. These recommendations are universal and can be used in the construction of residential quarters in the cities in the European part of Russia and Europe.

Peculiarities of the Assessment of the Technical Condition of Buildings and Structures and the Factors that Adversely Affect Them

Peculiarities of the Assessment of the Technical Condition of Buildings and Structures and the Factors that Adversely Affect Them

Построение концептуальной конфайнмент-модели базы знаний технической диагностики зданий и сооружений

Своевременная техническая диагностика конструкций зданий и сооружений является важным условием обеспе­чения их безопасности. Объективность и достоверность информации, предоставляемой экспертами о техническом состоянии строительного объекта, в большой степени зависят от опыта эксперта, то есть от человеческого фактора.
 Внедрение интеллектуальных технологий в экспертную деятельность инженера-строителя мотивировано необходи­мостью передачи знаний опытных экспертов специалистам разной квалификации для расширения и укрепления их профессиональных возможностей. Логика рассуждений человека-эксперта в интеллектуальной системе должна легко поддаваться машинной обработке. Для этого её необходимо структурировать в виде концептуальной схемы системы знаний.
 Представлен эффективный метод конфайнмент-моделирования на примере создания концептуальной структуры базы знаний (БЗ) технической диагностики конструкций зданий и сооружений, который позволяет унифицировать процесс разработки онтологических баз знаний, помогает от­сеивать неважные факторы и сосредоточиться на тех, которые действительно влияют на результат. Разработанная структура является основой для реализации следующего этапа - по­строения интегрированной базы знаний интеллектуальной системы диагностики технического состояния строительных объектов разных конструктивных форм и назначения, вы­полненных из разных материалов, которая должна также включать: методы цифровой обработки результатов лазерного сканирования повреждений конструкций; методы оценки ри­сков и определения остаточного ресурса конструкций зданий и сооружений с использованием теории нечётких множеств и нечёткой логики; оценку экономического эффекта от ме­роприятий по обеспечению конструкционной безопасности.

On the Use of the OptD Method for Building Diagnostics

Terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) measurements can be used to assess the technical condition of buildings and structures; in particular, high-resolution TLS measurements should be taken in order to detect defects in building walls. This consequently results in the creation of a huge amount of data in a very short time. Despite high-resolution measurements typically being needed in certain areas of interest, e.g., to detect cracks, reducing redundant information on regions of low interest is of fundamental importance in order to enable computationally efficient and effective analysis of the dataset. In this work, data reduction is made by using the Optimum Dataset (OptD) method, which allows to significantly reduce the amount of data while preserving the geometrical information of the region of interest. As a result, more points are retained on areas corresponding to cracks and cavities than on flat and homogeneous surfaces. This approach allows for a thorough analysis of the surface discontinuity in building walls. In this investigation, the TLS dataset was acquired by means of the time-of-flight scanners Riegl VZ-400i and Leica ScanStation C10. The results obtained by reducing the TLS dataset by means of OptD show that this method is a viable solution for data reduction in building and structure diagnostics, thus enabling the implementation of computationally more efficient diagnostic strategies.

Determination of the type of repair work based on the results of survey and monitoring of the technical condition of buildings

This article is devoted to structural scrutiny of a building. The technical condition of buildings affects such characteristics of a building as safety, reliability, durability and maintainability. However, in the absence of reliable information on the technical condition of buildings, structural survey or monitoring of а building in order to determine the category of technical condition is necessary. The purpose of this work is to develop an economic and mathematical model for determining the type of maintenance work based on the results of structural scrutiny and monitoring of a building. The article is of importance because the final stage of the survey gives a qualified opinion on the level of structural scrutiny of a building, and on the basis of this opinion repair work eliminating physical and moral deterioration and providing in accordance with specifications renovation of the building are planned. The scientific novelty of the economic and mathematical model developed by the authors on the results of building structural scrutiny lies in the application of the fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic method for determining of the level of physical and moral deterioration of a building consistent with a certain type of repair work and followed by the necessary capital investments.

Оценка динамической реакции каркасного здания под воздействием микросейсмического шума в г. Улан-Баторе

During the long-term operation of buildings, damage is accumulated in structural elements leading to violations of strength bonds, especially during seismic impacts. Therefore, for buildings and structures located in areas having high seismic activity, periodic monitoring of the technical condition of buildings is recommended. Given the dependence of dynamic characteristics on the integral strength properties of structures, monitoring should be based on a study of the dynamic characteristics of building structures. The present studies were carried out using a microdynamic method based on a determination of the transfer functions between vibrations at the nodal points of the structure and microseismic noise measured at the building base. The actual mechanical properties of the supporting structures take into account the spatial work of the building as a whole under the action of loads. Affecting any design, earth-quakes are acknowledged to result in vibration effects leading to structural instability including base soils. The direction of mechanical impact development during an earthquake must also be taken into account. The paper presents the results of dynamic response studies into microseismic effects affecting an 8-storey frame building. The initial natural frequencies and modes of vibration are determined along with the damping constants to form a basis for the monitoring of the changes in the technical condition of the building following a given period of operation.

Complex approach to organizations’ capital assets reproduction

Effective production activities of organizations is impossible without the concept implementation of the constant reproduction of capital assets, a significant part of which is represented by buildings and structures for various functional purposes. Increased deterioration of industrial buildings does not allow to solve such important tasks as improvement and automation of production processes in their entirety, and has a negative impact on the working conditions and safety of personnel. The analysis of scientific and normative literature is showed that the issue under consideration requires further research. Author’s approach to the reproduction of capital assets, the use of which allows to increase the management decisions efficiency on the basis of a complex of tasks for the joint estimation of damage and deterioration, planning of works under the given constraints with the use of mathematical apparatus and technological solutions for monitoring the technical condition of buildings is presented in the article.

Wybrane kierunki i aspekty przemian funkcjonalnych terenów przemysłowych we Wrocławiu w latach 1989–2016

Struktura przestrzenna miast w Polsce po 1989 roku uległa istotnym przeobrażeniom. Do terenów miejskich, które znacząco zmieniły swoje oblicze po tym okresie, można zaliczyć tereny przemysłowe, które z uwagi na swoje atrakcyjne położenie w tkance miejskiej i duży rezerwuar powierzchni były wyjątkowo podatne na zaistniałe nowe procesy oraz zjawiska społeczno­‑gospodarcze. W wyniku tych przemian na jednolite dotąd tereny przemysłowe zaczęły wkraczać podmioty o innej funkcji niż produkcyjna. Dochodziło do sukcesji funkcjonalnej. Celem opracowania jest pokazanie najważniejszych kierunków i aspektów przemian funkcjonalnych terenów przemysłowych we Wrocławiu w latach 1989–2016. Artykuł powstał na bazie analizy danych REGON (1999, 2004, 2009 i 2016) i przeprowadzonych badań terenowych. Proces zmiany funkcji terenów przemysłowych istotnie zmienił większość terenów produkcyjnych miasta, wywołując zmiany morfologiczno­‑fizjonomiczne, funkcjonalne oraz społeczne. Na dynamikę zmian funkcji tego rodzaju terenów wpływa głównie specyfika ich lokalizacji (bliskość centrum, położenie względem głównych ciągów komunikacyjnych miasta), rodzaj prowadzonej działalności przemysłowej, stan techniczny budynków, kondycja finansowa zakładu przemysłowego i wiele innych czynników. Badany proces ma często charakter nieplanowanych przemian o niekontrolowanej dynamice i formie zmian.

Improvement of technical condition categories for buildings and their constructions

At present, 4 categories of technical condition of buildings and structures and their parts Ukraine are used, except for transport structures, for which 5 categories are considered. But at the same time 2d and 3d technical condition categories for transport facilities are well coordinated with 2d category for 4-point system. It should be noted that different sources also have other examples of the using of 5 technical condition category instead of 4, which indicates the problem of detailed coverage of all cases and features of the technical condition using only 4 categories. In construction practice it is possible to find enough cases when a building (structure) or its element is actually in an intermediate state between the basic 4 categories, for example, having close to the limit values of characteristics (deformations, carrying capacity, etc.), or a noticeable negative dynamics of condition deterioration with transition to the worst category in a short term. Thus, it is effective to consider the potential introduction of additional intermediate categories of technical condition. Improvement of the technical condition categories for building and their constructions in Ukraine with using of categories number increase for inspection effectiveness and transparency is considered in the article.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ КОМПЛЕКСНОГО ОБСЛЕДОВАНИЯ НЕСУЩИХ КОНСТРУКЦИЙ ЗДАНИЙ, ПОПАДАЮЩИХ В ЗОНУ ВЛИЯНИЯ НОВОГО СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА

In this paper, the issue of comprehensive survey of bearing structures and buildings is considered using BIM-technologies (Building Information Modeling) and computer-aided design systems (CAD). The key tasks solved during the assessment of the technical condition of buildings within the area of new construction are highlighted. A systematic approach to assessing the technical condition of buildings and structures is proposed. This approach and tools used can improve the efficiency of buildings and structures survey and reduce subsequent operating costs. The analysis and design justification of the most effective options to prevent excessive precipitation of buildings and structures during the period of new construction in urban areas of dense development have been made. Recommendations on a comprehensive survey structures, including those falling into the area of new construction using the BIM model and the calculation model based on the finite element method, have been developed.