Abstract
Currently, new housing in city centers is more and more often developed on small plots of land, or existing buildings on such plots are rebuilt to such an extent that only their façade walls remain. In both cases, as a rule, a deep excavation is also made, either at the existing object or within its area. Serious damage often occurs because of the carried out work. It is not possible to accurately determine the response of a building to the deformation associated with the excavation due to the variability of many factors that influence it. As a result, the response of the building must be estimated on the basis of constant monitoring and approximate calculations. Depending on the size of the predicted ground displacements and the technical condition of buildings, it is often necessary to protect or strengthen their structural elements. In the paper, the authors analyzed various risk factors for the implementation of infill buildings and the revitalization of historic buildings using only their façade walls. In addition, examples of contemporary solutions for securing the walls of existing buildings, and the method of monitoring vertical deformations using the Hydrostatic Levelling Cell (HLC) system, are presented.
Highlights
Structural Problems Related to theIt has recently become general practice to use small building plots located in dense urban housing
The authors of this paper present recommendations for the implementation of a deep excavation in the form an innovative system for supporting the walls of existing buildings and for monitoring them, which is especially important from the point of view of the engineers responsible for the construction of the object
The paper focuses on the problem of soil-structure interaction mechanisms for buildings located in the vicinity of deep excavations, as well as finding appropriate methods of designing their protection and reinforcements and monitoring their vertical deformations
Summary
It has recently become general practice to use small building plots located in dense urban housing. In such places, infill buildings are constructed, or historic buildings are revitalized using their façade walls for the construction of new objects [1,2]. As a result of ground deformations additional forces are generated in the elements and their connections as well as additional deformations and displacements It is the horizontal and vertical displacements of existing structures that are an important factor when assessing the degree of risk of structural collapse. Inclinations of existing buildings from their vertical axis cause additional horizontal forces (which are the components of vertical loads) in the elements of the structures. The horizontal forces that act on the entire structure must be transferred by its load-bearing systems under the required conditions of stability and strength, or by external designed supports
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