Technical Condition Of Buildings Research Articles

Public Amenities in Rural Suburban Settlements in Bratislava’s Hinterland

Abstract The present paper examines selected urbanistic parameters of public amenities in rural residential areas in the suburban hinterland of Bratislava, which has undergone a rapid development in the past 20 years. In an overall perception of a residential area in terms of its attractivity and vitality, the location, type, structural and technical condition of buildings have a significant influence, together with related public spaces that are indicative of the place’s continuity of development, identity, specificity and standard of living. A quantitative comparison of public amenities presents the differences between selected municipalities on the Danube development axis and their causal relationships. This paper suggests the minimum standards of public amenities necessary for a positive identification with a residential area on both the locals’ and the visitors’ part.

Анализ результатов опытно-промышленной эксплуатации системы мониторинга технического состояния зданий, сооружений, технологического оборудования и трубопроводов компрессорной станции

Анализ результатов опытно-промышленной эксплуатации системы мониторинга технического состояния зданий, сооружений, технологического оборудования и трубопроводов компрессорной станции

Исследования, обеспечивающие полноту и достоверность выводов о техническом состоянии сооружений

Исследования, обеспечивающие полноту и достоверность выводов о техническом состоянии сооружений

The diagnosis of the technical condition of buildings as an indicator of the scale of needs for the revitalization on the example Kożuchów

In the revitalization process, the scope of work to be done depends on the technical condition of a particular historical site. Any activities should be preceded by a diagnosis of its technical condition in terms of changes which have taken place so far. The diagnosis of particular buildings will make it possible to determine the scope of needs to be included in the revitalization plan. The paper presents technical issues occurring in residential and commercial buildings and the problem of protection of cultural heritage as exemplified by the historical urban complex in Kożuchów.

Infographical models in intellectual monitoring technical condition of buildings and structures

Infographical models in intellectual monitoring technical condition of buildings and structures

Analysis of the technical condition of culverts on the railway of Ukraine

Raising of problem. he network of railways currently operates a large number of culverts, which account for more than half of all man-made structures. In this regard, the role of the assessment of the technical condition of buildings, which with the increase in the duration of operation, remains unchanged. Purpose of the article. Conduct an analysis of the technical condition of artificial structures on the railways of Ukraine. Conclusion . The technical condition is the main characteristic of the pipes' ability to provide a normal operating mode associated with the safe passage of trains with established speeds and uninterrupted flow of water through the embankment body. The main indicators of the technical state are considered to be the actual bearing capacity of pipe elements, as well as the degree of development of various violations of hydraulic and other functions of the facilities. In actual conditions, the current technical condition of artificial structures operated on railways is characterized by the presence of signs limiting the possibilities for increasing the axle and running loads of freight cars.

Managing the Safety Level of Buildings and Structures

With the introduction of the Russian laws on the definition of safety in use of buildings and structures, it became necessary to develop criteria (coefficients) for estimating these states. One of the known approaches to assessing the safety of buildings is based on the analysis of geometric characteristics. However, currently, there are no criteria that would ensure the solution of this problem. It is required to develop these characteristics. In this research, we offer an approach to the designation of such criteria. This proposal for assessing the technical condition of buildings, the coefficients of internal geometry and building stability, providing a single-value assessment of the state of the object in terms of safety of its use.

Construction of models of research methods and analysis of damage causes of buildings and constructions

This research highlights the issues related to the methods of examination and analysis of the causes of damage diagnostics of the technical condition of buildings and structures. The information technology of the decision support system has been further developed, which is based on powerful analytical tools for intellectualization, which allow experts to make more plausible assessments and managerial decisions

Recording Program of Basic System for Seismometric Monitoring of the Technical Condition of Buildings and Structures

Problems of software development for basic seismometric monitoring of the technical condition of buildings and structures are considered. A client–server architecture is chosen for the recording program of the system. The server component provides interconnection with the equipment, data acquisition, storage, and processing. The client component provides the user (operator) interface, hardware configuration and application, and representation of system tasks and results in user-friendly form. The seismic monitoring system operates in two modes: the main one includes the isolation and recording of seismic events with assessment of their impact on a structure using the MSK-64 scale; the advanced mode provides recording of microseismic vibrations according to the schedule (specified by the operator) for monitoring the technical condition of a structure. Moreover, the system continuously records oscillations of an object. Thus, the server program writes and stores three types of files: seismic events, monitoring, and continuous recording. When a seismic event is detected or system malfunctions arise, responsible personnel are notified by e-mail and SMS according to an approved list. All operator actions, as well as system functioning events, are fixed in the message log and system log. The client program provides visualization of data on oscillations at observation sites in the form of oscillation seismograms, current signal-amplitude spectra, and vibration-level histograms from the measurement channels for a selected component. All information important for the operator (display of sensors and their status, current configuration, seismograms of corresponding measurement channels, and a list of latest messages in the system) is presented in a mnemonic diagram, which is one of the main working windows of the application. The main specific features of the program are support of different types of equipment (seismic stations), independence from the number of connected seismic stations/recorders, wide possibilities in configuring the system hardware and the application itself, the possibility of unlimited user (client) connections for browsing seismometric data, and multilanguage support.

Structure of the Basic Software and Hardware Complex of the System for Seismometric Monitoring of the Technical Condition of Buildings and Structures

The objective of the present study is to design a basic software and hardware complex (SHC) of a seismometric monitoring system for buildings and structures recommended for serial production. To do this, the authors used modern methods and principles of designing software and hardware systems. The system is methodologically based on the engineering-seismometric method. This method uses recording of spatial vibrations of an object as a result of microseisms of natural and anthropogenic origin. Next, dynamic and elastic characteristics of the structure are determined by vibrations that make it possible to evaluate its technical condition. As a result of conducted studies, the authors defined the main technical and functional requirements for the monitoring system for a wide range of applications. A three-level structure of a modular technical condition monitoring system is proposed for discussion. This structure makes it possible to create an extensible open system in which the number of measuring channels can be easily increased by increasing the number of plugin standard modules. In addition, the system can both record seismic events, earthquakes, and perform seismometric monitoring by microseisms. In order to represent the main processes and structure of the proposed basic complex of the system in the case of its full operation, the authors developed a functional model of the system. The model is based on a data flow diagram that describes the processes of collecting, processing, storing, analyzing, and presenting seismometric monitoring data. The functioning of the proposed complex is briefly described. The input data of the complex are the vibrations of the structure recorded at observation points using three-component geophones. Then, the seismic signal recorder collects, amplifies, digitizes, and transmits data to the server. The server either records seismic events and then evaluates their impact on the structure or carries out a planned recording of microseisms in order to monitor the technical condition of the structure and stores vibration data in the corresponding files. If an earthquake is detected, the system notifies the responsible personnel. Records of microseisms are used by the data processing software to compute the statistical parameters of vibrations and complex transfer functions according to the spectra of which the operator manually selects the values of natural frequencies. Seismic monitoring data processing software evaluates elastic characteristics by a number of natural frequencies using a mathematical design model of the structure vibrations. On the basis of the analysis of the change in the obtained dynamic and elastic characteristics and taking into account the effect of external factors, the software generates information for monitoring the technical condition of the structure. These results, as well as data of the evaluation of the event impact on the structure, are the output data of the system.

APPLICATION OF FUZZY MATHEMATICS METHODS TO PROCESSING GEOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF DEGRADATION OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

The aim of research is formalization of the expert experience, which is used in processing geometric parameters of building structure degradation, using fuzzy mathematics. Materials that are used to specify fuzzy models are contained in expert assessments and scientific and technical reports on the technical condition of buildings. The information contained in the reports and assessments is presented in text form and is accompanied by a large number of photographs and diagrams. Model specification methods, based on the analysis of such information on the technical state of structures with damages and defects of various types, primarily lead to difficulties associated with the presentation of knowledge and require the formalization of expert knowledge and experience in the form of fuzzy rules. Approbation and adaptation of the rules is carried out in the process of further research taking into account the influence of random loads and fields. The scientific novelty of the work is expanding of the knowledge base due to the geometric parameters of structural degradation, on the basis of which a fuzzy conclusion about their technical state in the systems of fuzzy product rules at different stages of the object's life cycle is realized. The results of the work are presented in the form of a formalized description of the geometric parameters of degradation. The knowledge presented in the work is intended for the development of technical documentation that is used at the pre-project stage of building reconstruction, but the gained experience is the source of information on the basis of which a constructive solution is selected in the design process of analogical objects. In addition, the knowledge gained from the analysis of expert assessments of the state of various designs is necessary for development of automated expert evaluation processing systems. The use of such evaluation systems will significantly reduce the risks of the human factor associated with the errors in the specification of models for predicting the processes of structural failure at various stages of ensuring the reliability and safety of buildings.

Seismic resistance and endurance of the typical residential buildings in Sochi

The typical residential buildings of the 1960-90s are a significant part of Sochi’s housing stock, similar to other cities in Russia. Nowadays they are in the half of their design life. The purpose of the study is to determine the reliability and endurance of operation under conditions of seismic intensity degree VIII by the MSK-64 scale (Medvedev-Sponheuer-Karnik scale), the humid subtropical climate, Sochi’s housing density, and the rugged terrain. Studies of the technical condition of buildings and facilities have been conducted in Sochi State University for 20 years. According to the building codes, the categories of the technical state of both structural elements and building construction were defined, reliability values were calculated, and types of defects were identified. Methods of conducting current repairs and local seismic retrofitting to achieve the characteristic value of buildings’ endurance were proposed.

Development of the technique of expert assessment in the diagnosis of the technical condition of buildings

The object of research is methods and technologies for diagnosing buildings using the tools of the theory of fuzzy sets. One of the most problematic areas is the lack of a system of intelligent diagnostic methods based on the accumulated knowledge of experts and current information on the condition of buildings. In the course of the study, expert assessments of the survey of the technical condition of the facilities are used as the basis for predicting their reliable operation. The technique of expert assessment is obtained in the survey of the technical condition of buildings. The proposed methodology has a structure that involves the formation of signs of damage through ranking, the formation of an expert group, the formation of rules for the work of the expert group, assessing the degree of agreement between experts, quantitative assessment of signs of damage. With this approach, it becomes possible to obtain reasonable results about the presence and extent of damage and the possibility of comparing the results with the initial ones that characterize previously conducted technical condition surveys. The proposed approach contributes to the certainty in the recognition of building structures in conditions of limited statistical data from instrumental surveys and inaccurate information based on directive research methods. In comparison with probabilistic approaches and methods of the theory of fuzzy sets, the approach uses the theory of measurements and mathematical statistics and gives confidence to the expert in substantiating the necessary assessment of the state of structures. In the developed methodology, the degree and depth of expert assessment of building structures with the purpose of bringing the entire system to a normal technical state is made through an intuitive-logical analysis of problems with qualitative and quantitative judgments and formal processing of results. It is possible to solve the assessment tasks in the absence of a part of important information.

Development of models and methods for determining the physical deterioration of items for the task of diagnostics of technical condition of buildings and structures

This article covers issues associated with the construction of models for determining the physical wear of elements for tasks of diagnostics of technical condition of buildings. Integrated mathematical models and methods for monitoring a technical condition of building structures were developed using fuzzy sets. Recommendations summarize the processes of recognition of defects in structures built of various materials and defects of different nature

Methods of the Numerical Simulation of Residential Buildings Lifecycle for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Energy-Saving Solutions

This article considers the problem of evaluating the effectiveness of energy-saving solutions in the aspect of the task to determine the timing of capital repairs of apartment buildings. The method of numerical simulation lifecycle of buildings is offered as a solution to this problem. It is proved that implementation of comprehensive overhauls of using energy-saving technologies increases the period of effective operation of the property as a whole, and in future - to lower operating costs. In order to enhance the safety of housing and improve the quality of housing, a new overhaul system of apartment buildings was adopted. Federal Law No. 271-FZ [1] obliges all the entities of the Russian Federation to adopt regional programs, which set deadlines of overhauls in all apartment houses. Analysis of the main program provisions showed that the overhaul term criteria do not include the results of monitoring the technical condition of buildings (physical deterioration of each component and engineering equipment), as well as the rate of the wear of building components by the time of repair and prediction of these indicators in the future during the lifecycle.

Inwestycje mieszkaniowe w ramach programów rewitalizacji centrum Łodzi

Rewitalizacja stref centralnych miast jest istotnym instrumentem służącym podnoszeniu ich żywotności oraz zapobieganiu odpływowi mieszkańców. Aby przyciągnąć nowych mieszkańców do centrum miasta, działania w zakresie rewitalizacji muszą zmierzać do poprawy jakości życia, w tym warunków zamieszkania. Łódź była jednym z pierwszych miast w Polsce, które opracowały Lokalny Program Rewitalizacji w 2004 r. i dzięki temu mogła ubiegać się o środki finansowe UE na rewitalizację. W centrum miasta zostały wyznaczone dwa pilotażowe obszary rewitalizacji, z czego w obszarze południowym zaplanowano i zrealizowano projekty Miasta z dofinansowaniem unijnym, inwestycje Towarzystwa Budownictwa Mieszkaniowego oraz prywatnych inwestorów, głównie w zakresie remontów, modernizacji i nowej zabudowy mieszkaniowo-usługowej.

Применение рядов Фурье для технического состояния здания

The article discusses the possible application of Fourier series to predict the technical condition of buildings. It is noted that one of the problems of the present time in Russia – a condition of the housing stock, the deterioration of which about 80 %. For the Northern territories of the country this issue is even more acute. The inspection of buildings is a significant component of the work package to predict and assess the state of buildings when making repairs, modernization and reconstruction. It is noted that an adequate model for prediction of technical state of knowledge in General or of individual structural members must consider many factors, such as the presence of periodic oscillations in the dynamics of a number of indicators caused by annual temperature fluctuations. The authors of this paper note that the use of Fourier series in solving practical problems and in forecasting various phenomena have found wide application in science and technology. It is shown that one of the possible solutions to the problem of predicting the technical condition of the building on the survey results is forecasting using Fourier series for different numbers of harmonics. It is concluded that with increasing number of harmonics, the forecast becomes the most accurate.