Team Sports Games Research Articles

FORMATION OF A TEST SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING THE PREPAREDNESS OF PLAYERS IN TEAM SPORTS GAMES

Background. Current trends in the development of team sports, changes in the direction and age of the stages of long-term training indicate the need to improve the system of tests to control the training of athletes in these sports, taking into account tasks, program load, functional responsibilities of players and so on. Thus theoretical substantiation of the hierarchical structure of knowledge about the system of tests will allow to improve the system of control and management of training and competitive processes. The aim – on the basis of generalization of theoretical data, advanced practical experience and own experimental researches to substantiate the hierarchical structure of knowledge about system of tests on control of readiness of sportsmen in team sports games. Material and methods: analysis of special, scientific and methodical literature, analysis of documentary materials, pedagogical observation, system method, generalization and systematization of data. Results. On the basis of the system approach the hierarchical structure of the system of knowledge concerning the system of tests of readiness of sportsmen in team sports games in the course of long-term preparation is theoretically substantiated. On the example of such an element of the hierarchy as the requirements for tests in basketball, a fragment of the system of knowledge about tests to control the readiness of athletes in team sports is presented, which provides consideration of tests not only for one player but also for a group of players and the whole team and the focus of tasks and program load at different stages and stages of long-term training. Conclusions. The hierarchical structure of knowledge about the system of tests to control the readiness of athletes in team sports games is theoretically substantiated. A detailed description of such elements of the hierarchy of scientific knowledge as requirements for tests in basketball is given: reliability, specificity, informativeness, connection with the stages of long-term training; connection with sensitive periods of development of physical qualities; connection with the program material of the curriculum for the year; complexity; number of performers; periodicity.

Can Milk Affect Recovery from Simulated Team-Sport Match Play?

This study investigated the effects of cow’s milk on recovery from repeated simulated team games (STGs) in females. Twenty female team-sport athletes completed an STG circuit (2x ~ 30 min, with 10 min ‘half-time’). Measures of muscle function, soreness and tiredness, symptoms of stress and serum markers of muscle damage and oxidative stress were determined pre- and 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h following the circuit. At 48 h, a second STG was completed. Sprint performance (5 m, 15 m), lap time, countermovement jump (CMJ), heart rate and RPE were recorded during each STG. Immediately following each STG, participants consumed either 500 mL of cow’s milk (MILK) or 500 mL of an energy-matched carbohydrate (CHO) solution. Compared to CHO, MILK had a beneficial effect in attenuating losses in peak torque for knee extension (60°/s) (likely; effect size (ES) = 0.26 to 0.28) knee flexion (60°/s) (likely; ES = 0.45 to 0.61). A benefit for MILK was observed for 5 m sprint (possible-likely; ES = 0.40 to 0.58), 10 m sprint (likely; ES = 0.30 to 0.53) and symptoms of stress (likely–very likely, small). Mostly unclear outcomes for other variables were observed. For STG variables, trivial (HR, CMJ) and unclear (5 m sprint, 15 m sprint, lap-time, RPE) outcomes were recorded. In conclusion, the consumption of 500 mL of milk attenuated losses in muscle function and perceptions of stress following repeated simulated team-sports games. However, further investigation is warranted to determine whether MILK can influence subsequent team-sport performance.

Practical Use of the Navigate Pain Application for the Assessment of the Area, Location, and Frequency of the Pain Location in Young Soccer Goalkeepers.

Next to winning, minimizing injuries during training and matches is one of the primary goals of professional team sports games. Soreness and pain can be early indicators and risk factors for acute or long‐term injuries. Monitoring pain intensity and duration, as well as potential sources, are useful for planning practices and can be effective means for preventing injury. The aim of this study was to assess the areas and locations of pain in young soccer goalkeepers during a training camp, and to differentiate the area and frequency between pain arising from the muscles (MP), joints (JP), or as a result of an impact (IP). Recordings of the MP, JP, and IP location along with the area were performed using digital body mapping software (Navigate Pain Android app, Aalborg University, Denmark) installed on a tablet personal computer at the end of each training day across a 5‐day training camp. There was a significant difference in the area between the three types of pain (p < 0.001). The post hoc analysis revealed statistically significant differences between the pixel areas of IP versus JP (p < 0.001), IP versus MP (p < 0.001), and JP versus MP (p < 0.001). There was no significant time‐effect for the IP area between 1‐5 days of training (p = 0.610), neither for MP (p = 0.118) or JP (p = 0.797) and no significant difference for all three pain areas between the front and the back side of the body. The body regions most often reported for MP were thighs, while for JP they were groin and hips, and for IP the hips, shoulders, and forearms were most frequently indicated. This is the first study to map and report the pain distribution associated with training across a 5‐day training camp in soccer goalkeepers, and these findings emphasize the value of using digital pain drawings clinically as well as for monitoring the health status of soccer players.

A Genome-Wide Association Study of Sprint Performance in Elite Youth Football Players

Pickering, C, Suraci, B, Semenova, EA, Boulygina, EA, Kostryukova, ES, Kulemin, NA, Borisov, OV, Khabibova, SA, Larin, AK, Pavlenko, AV, Lyubaeva, EV, Popov, DV, Lysenko, EA, Vepkhvadze, TF, Lednev, EM, Leońska-Duniec, A, Pająk, B, Chycki, J, Moska, W, Lulińska-Kuklik, E, Dornowski, M, Maszczyk, A, Bradley, B, Kana-ah, A, Cięszczyk, P, Generozov, EV, and Ahmetov, II. A genome-wide association study of sprint performance in elite youth football players. J Strength Cond Res 33(9): 2344-2351, 2019-Sprint speed is an important component of football performance, with teams often placing a high value on sprint and acceleration ability. The aim of this study was to undertake the first genome-wide association study to identify genetic variants associated with sprint test performance in elite youth football players and to further validate the obtained results in additional studies. Using micro-array data (600 K-1.14 M single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs]) of 1,206 subjects, we identified 12 SNPs with suggestive significance after passing replication criteria. The polymorphism rs55743914 located in the PTPRK gene was found as the most significant for 5-m sprint test (p = 7.7 × 10). Seven of the discovered SNPs were also associated with sprint test performance in a cohort of 126 Polish women, and 4 were associated with power athlete status in a cohort of 399 elite Russian athletes. Six SNPs were associated with muscle fiber type in a cohort of 96 Russian subjects. We also examined genotype distributions and possible associations for 16 SNPs previously linked with sprint performance. Four SNPs (AGT rs699, HSD17B14 rs7247312, IGF2 rs680, and IL6 rs1800795) were associated with sprint test performance in this cohort. In addition, the G alleles of 2 SNPs in ADRB2 (rs1042713 & rs1042714) were significantly over-represented in these players compared with British and European controls. These results suggest that there is a genetic influence on sprint test performance in footballers, and identifies some of the genetic variants that help explain this influence.

Attention, Perception, and Action in a Simulated Decision-Making Task.

Over the last decade, research on the visual focus of attention has become increasingly popular in psychological science. The focus of attention has been shown to be important in fast team-sport games. The authors developed a method that measures the extent of the attentional focus and perceptual capabilities during performance of a sport-specific task. The participants were required to judge different player configurations on their left and right sides with varying visual angles between the stimuli. In keeping with the notion that the focus of attention is smaller than the visual field, attentional performance was poorest at the wider viewing angles compared with perceptual performance. Moreover, the team-sport players were better able to enlarge their attentional focus and make correct decisions more frequently than individual athletes, particularly when a motor response was required. The findings provide a new perspective, dissociating the attentional and perceptual processes that affect decision making under various response modes.

الهوية الرياضية والتماسك الجماعي لدى فرق الألعاب الرياضية الجماعية في الجامعات الفلسطينية "جامعة خضوري انموذجا"

The aim of this study was to identify the differences in sport identity and group cohesion among team sport games at Palestinian universities "Kadoorei University is a model" according to gender and game type variables. The study carried out on purposive sample consisted of (77) players. The researchers carried out tow scales for measuring sport identity and team cohesion. To analyse data, they used spss program. The results of the study revealed the following: The level of sport identity and their three domains among study sample were very high but it was high for group cohesion. There were significant differences in sport identity among team sport games at Palestinian universities "Kadoorei University is a model "according to gender variable in favor of male player, but there weren’t significant differences in group cohesion according to game type variable. There were significant differences in sport identity and group cohesion among team sport games at Palestinian universities “Kadoorei University is a model "according to gender game type variables. Based on the study findings, the researchers recommended making similar study on individual sport games at Palestinian universities.

الهوية الرياضية والتماسك الجماعي لدى فرق الألعاب الرياضية الجماعية في الجامعات الفلسطينية "جامعة خضوري انموذجا"

The aim of this study was to identify the differences in sport identity and group cohesion among team sport games at Palestinian universities "Kadoorei University is a model" according to gender and game type variables. The study carried out on purposive sample consisted of (77) players. The researchers carried out tow scales for measuring sport identity and team cohesion. To analyse data, they used spss program. The results of the study revealed the following: The level of sport identity and their three domains among study sample were very high but it was high for group cohesion. There were significant differences in sport identity among team sport games at Palestinian universities "Kadoorei University is a model "according to gender variable in favor of male player, but there weren’t significant differences in group cohesion according to game type variable. There were significant differences in sport identity and group cohesion among team sport games at Palestinian universities “Kadoorei University is a model "according to gender game type variables. Based on the study findings, the researchers recommended making similar study on individual sport games at Palestinian universities.

Methods of coping with stress in young players in team sports games

Contemporary trends in qualified sport to achieve athletic championship are aimed at constant clarification of the areas of information and the search for new methodological solutions and training. With the ever-rising level of sports, one of the fundamental tasks of theoreticians and practitioners of the sport is the correct diagnosis of sports predispositions of players. Nowadays, sporting success is not determined only by an excellent physical preparation. Players should have corresponding psychological predispositions. One of the psychological aspects relevant to athletes are effective ways of coping with stress. The study attempts to determine the level of how to deal with stress in the representatives of team sports compared with the general population. A survey on ways of coping with stress of 31 players in the younger junior age category appearing in the top division was carried out using a CISS questionnaire created by Norman and Parker (1990), adapted by Polish authors (Strelau et al. 2005). The results showed that young athletes were characterized by a lower level of styles and strategies focused on emotions compared with those of the general population and a higher level of ways of focusing on the task compared with the general population. The observed differences were statistically significant.

Methods of coping with stress in young players in team sports games

Methods of coping with stress in young players in team sports games

The Causes and the Prevention of Traumatism in School Children in Physical Education and Sports Classes

Traumatism of schoolchildren in physical education and sports, according to questioned teachers, has assorted reasons. The main ones are: violation of discipline by students, failure to observe safety rules, inept insurance and selfinsurance, unsatisfactory technical condition of sports equipment and places for physical culture and sports. The most traumatic means of physical education teachers consider team sports games (soccer, handball, basketball), during which it is possible to injure hands and feet with hard drops on the ground or collisions with rivals, blowing the ball into the face or body. Long-term pedagogical experience in school and analysis of publications of specialists studying the problems of injuries in children and young people make it possible to assert that in connection with a significant number of injuries in schools in different countries, it is necessary to improve its prevention and improve the safety of students' life and health in teaching and educational The process, in particular, in physical education classes and sports sections of schools. It is necessary to improve the effectiveness of training future physical education teachers in higher education institutions on the prevention of injuries in classes and sports sections, where various means of physical training and sports are used, to be able to monitor the technical condition of physical culture equipment and equipment, sports objects for physical education and sports, to teach students The methods of insurance of children and youth in classes and non–class sports.

Periodization in Team Sport Games - A Review of Current Knowledge and Modern Trends in Competitive Sports

The main goal of this study was to present a review of current knowledge and modern trends in periodization of the training process in team sports. The research objectives were: an analysis of various aspects of periodization of the annual training cycle for elite athletes practicing team sport games, an attempt to determine both the examined and unexamined issues related with periodization of training as well as to indicate directions for further research, and finally, presentation of different training loads and competitions in micro-, meso- and macrocycles. The research consisted of the analysis and generalization of the bibliography, methods of monitoring training and competition loads of the Polish national U17 female soccer team in the seasons 2011/2012 and 2012/2013, as well as of the female basketball division one club in the season 2014/2015. Findings of the present study indicate resolved as well as unresolved aspects of annual training cycle periodization in team sport games and provide information on the types of training and competitive workload planning in micro-, meso- and macrocycles.

Differences in Level of Sensory Kinetic-Perception Participants of Team Sport Games Type of Game among Youth

Differences in Level of Sensory Kinetic-Perception Participants of Team Sport Games Type of Game among Youth

The relationship between speed factors and agility in sport games

Horicka, P., Hianik, J., & Simonek, J. (2014). The relationship between speed factors and agility in sport games. J. Hum. Sport Exerc., 9(1), pp.49-58. This study deals with the issue of various understanding of the term „agility“, mainly within the context of team sport games. Under this term complex psychomotor abilities are understood. Their development requires a high degree of neuro-muscular specificity. The development of these abilities are underpinned also by perceptual components including also anticipation and decision-making processes. Authors point to the importance of agility in sport games. They stress the fact that the speed of movement is only one of the components of the complex motor ability called agility. Based on the theoretical analysis authors carried out measurements of basic factors of speed abilities and agility in 14-17-year-old basketball, volleyball and soccer players (n=56). The results showed that no statistical differences were observed in the level of agility tested by Fitro agility test (basketball - p=0.189; volleyball - p=0.949; soccer - p=0.832). Spearmann rank correlation test showed that no significant correlation (p=0.786; p > 0.05) was found between the results of Fitro agility test and Illinois test measuring speed abilities. The results suggest that agility is not simply one of speed abilities. Besides simple reaction speed, acceleration, deceleration accompanied by the change of direction of movement it comprises also perceptual components determined by complex reaction to unexpected, changeable stimuli occurring

Psychological profiles of talented male youth athletes in team sports games

To represent the relationship between psychological skills and performance level in ball team sports within a youth talent group, 216 youth Tunisian male athletes representing four sports ball games (16 to 18 years) packed in the third version of the Ottawa Mental Skills Assessment Tool-3 with scales for Goal Setting, Self Confidence, Commitment, Stress Reactions, Fear Control, Activation, Relaxation, Imagery, Mental Practice, Focusing, Refocusing and Competition planning. A performance level (elite versus sub-elite) by type of sport multivariate analysis of covariance with age as a covariate showed had significant effects. Psychological skills distinguished between more and less successful talented athletes. In general, psychological profiles differed between team sports games sport and practice level gap Key words: Ball games, mental skills, practice level, psychological profiles.

Increasing Quality of Life among Gendarmes by the Specific Means of Team Sports Games in Order to Improve Professional Efficiency

Sports games, due to the situations they create, contribute to the shaping and improvement of personalities. Men are by nature antagonistic and eager to compete, but they also want to improve both physically and behaviourally all along their lives. In this context, sports games become a means for self-assessment, where one can run a race against oneself as well as against others. The systematic practice of sports games in military physical training sessions can have immediate effects. The effects address both the biological and psychological spheres in the sense that participants can express their impulses in a variety of ways.The experiment verifies the existence of a relationship between the effects of operational structures specific to sports games on the gendarmes’ capacity to respond and effectively manage unexpected situations, which can turn into vulnerabilities generating stress, disrupting homeostasis, resulting in a decreased quality of life. New situations are created within the shared theme of the sport lesson, both in the game theme chosen and in the adversity between the two teams composed specifically for this purpose.

Effect of Warm-Up on Intermittent Sprint Performance

We aimed to investigate the effects of different warm-up (WUP) intensities on 10 min of subsequent intermittent-sprint running performance. Eleven male, team-sport players performed four trials in a randomized, cross-over design, consisting of an intermittent-sprint protocol (15 × 20-m sprints) that followed either no-WUP or one of three 10-min WUP trials that varied in intensity. Warm-up intensities were performed at either (1) half the difference between anaerobic threshold (AT) and lactate threshold (LT) [(AT-LT)/2] below the LT = WUP 1; (2) midway between LT and AT level = WUP 2; (3) [(AT-LT)/2] above AT = WUP 3. Sprint times were fastest following WUP 3, compared with all other trials, for sprints 1–9 and 14, as well as for total accumulated sprints, with these results supported by moderate to large effect size (ES; range: d = −0.50 to −1.06) and “possible” to “almost certain” benefits. Warm-up 3 resulted in faster intermittent-sprint running performance compared with lower intensity WUPs and no WUP for the first 6 min of sprinting, with accumulated sprints for the entire 10 min protocol also being faster after WUP 3. This information may be pertinent to coaches of team-sport games with respect to player substitutions.

Impact of core and peripheral service quality on consumption behavior of professional team sport spectators as mediated by perceived value

The purpose of this study was to examine the structural relationship of core service quality and peripheral service quality factors to the consumption of professional team sport games while considering the mediating influence of perceived value. This study simultaneously incorporated core service and peripheral service quality factors into one study and examined their direct and indirect relationships with game consumption behaviors. Participants (N=222) responded to a survey at various metropolitan areas. Adopting the two-step structural equation modeling approach, the proposed measurement model and the structural model were found to have good psychometric properties. In the structural relationship analyses, home team, opposing team, game promotion, game amenities, venue quality, and perceived value were found to be predictive of behavioral intentions. Venue quality was the only factor that had an indirect relationship with behavioral intentions through perceived value. The findings are interpreted in the contexts of theoretical and practical implications.

Interaction Teacher – Pupil within Teaching Attempts of Physical Education Students

A significant role in educating pre-service P.E. teachers plays instruction in special didactics of respective sport subjects. Within the framework of it students undergo their first teaching attempts. In order to evaluate didactic interaction “teaching student – pupil” in them the method “Analysis of Didactic Interaction” was adjusted by decreasing number of observed categories and by aiming the entire focus exclusively at the teaching student. The goal of this contribution is to demonstrate method „Modified Analysis of Didactic Interaction”. Results proved the effective usability of method for purposes of students teaching attempts assessment under different conditions of individual and team sports, as, e.g., sports games, gymnastics, swimming and skiing and the possibility of successive influence upon quality of acquired didactic skills.

Strategy and tactics in team sports games

Strategy and tactics in team sports games

The sideline behaviour of coaches at children’s team sports games

Objectives This study aimed to establish the prevalence, pattern and nature of coaches’ verbal behaviour at children’s (ages 6–12 years) team sports events. The study draws upon the motivational model presented by Mageau and Vallerand (2003) to examine the influence of global (gender), contextual (sport related), and social (athlete gender) factors on coach comments. Design A cross-sectional observational study of coaches stratified across four team sports: Rugby Union, Netball, Association Football and Touch Rugby. Method The Observation Instrument at Sports Events was used to categorise covertly recorded verbal comments made by coaches at organised team sports games. Results Overall, 10,697 comments were recorded at 72 games at a rate of 3.71 comments/minute; 35.4% were categorised as positive, 21.6% as negative, and 43.0% as neutral. Significant differences in negative comments were identified between sport ( p < .001) with rugby coaches recording the highest percentage of negative comments and the lowest percentage of positive comments; by coach gender ( p < .001), with male coaches recording higher rates of negative comments; and by athlete gender ( p < .001), with coaches of male-only teams recording higher rates of negative comments. When simultaneously included in a Poisson regression model the difference in negative comments between sports remained statistically significant ( p < .001) whereas coach gender was no longer significant. Conclusions The ratio of negative coach comments for all sports gives cause for concern. These findings suggest that sports of national and cultural significance are a key driver of coaching behaviours in a competitive environment.