University Teaching Research Articles

Enhancing Learning Through Animated Video: An Eye-Tracking Methodology Approach

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of different animation styles on learning outcomes in physics, with a focus on explanations of the seasons. Using a combination of pre-post performance tests and eye tracking, we compared animations featuring a presenter with pure animations without a person in the frame. The sample consisted of students from a seminar for prospective physics teachers (N = 32, mean age = 23.9, SD = 5.7). The results indicate that while both formats achieved high learning success, the pure animation significantly outperformed the presenter-inclusive format in terms of effect size and in attracting gaze to the key areas of interest (AOIs) essential for understanding the physics of seasons. Intriguingly, specific hand gestures in the animation with a presenter were shown to reverse this effect, substantially increasing gaze attention on relevant AOIs. These findings suggest that specific animation elements can enhance educational efficacy in physics. This understanding has the potential to improve educational animations in media but also traditional teaching in school or university.

The impact of rehabilitation on the recovery of executive functions in stroke patients with different location of the ischemic focus.

Cognitive dysfunction is part of the clinical picture of stroke. Most of the executive dysfunctions are diagnosed in the early stage of rehabilitation, a few weeks after the vascular incident. Coexistence of executive dysfunctions with other disorders in stroke patients may hinder patient's functions, slow down the rehabilitation process, and disrupt self-awareness, interpersonal communication, and professional activity in everyday life. Ninety patients after ischemic stroke were examined (right hemisphere stroke: N = 33, left hemisphere stroke: N = 57). The study group (N = 45) consisted of patients rehabilitated in the Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine of the University Teaching Hospital of the Military Medical Academy in Lodz, Łódź, Poland, in whom a comprehensive neurorehabilitation program was implemented, consisting of motor and neuropsychological rehabilitation. The control group (N = 45) consisted of patients awaiting admission to the department, who were covered by comprehensive environmental rehabilitation including exercise therapy and neuropsychological therapy. Executive function was measured with 3 popular diagnostic tools: the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), the Trail Making Test (TMT part A, TMT part B), and the letter test and category test with the Verbal Fluency Test (VFT). The tests were carried out twice: the first time before the start of rehabilitation and 5 weeks later after its completion. Although patients with right-hemispheric stroke showed better improvement in executive functions, stroke location did not prove to have significant impact on how effective the rehabilitation was. Right hemisphere stroke patients showed greater improvement in restoring executive functions after rehabilitation compared to left hemisphere stroke patients. The location of the stroke did not significantly correlate with the efficiency of the rehabilitation setting. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2024;37(4).

Isolation, identification and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacteria associated with wound of patients attending Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Shika, Zaria-Nigeria

Isolation, identification and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacteria associated with wound of patients attending Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Shika, Zaria-Nigeria

Pattern and Predictors of Neurologic Comorbidities Among African Children with Epilepsy

Abstract Background Epilepsy is the most common neurologic disorder affecting children in Nigeria. It is often associated with other neurologic comorbidities in addition to epileptic seizures, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and cognitive, visual, and hearing impairments, which can be unrecognized while focusing on the seizures. Methods This cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence, pattern, and predictors of neurologic comorbidities among 100 children with epilepsy (CWE) attending the pediatric neurology clinic of Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria, and age- and sex-matched controls selected consecutively. Data were summarized using frequencies and proportions. Chi-squared and Mann–Whitney U tests were used to test the categorical values, while logistic regression was used to determine the predictive factors for neurologic comorbidities. Results The prevalence of neurologic comorbidities among CWE versus controls was 65 vs. 15% (p < 0.001). Factors associated with neurologic comorbidities in CWE include younger age at onset of epileptic seizures (p < 0.003), severity of seizures (p < 0.001), history of status epilepticus (p < 0.044), background history of intracranial infections (p < 0.029), and the use of combination antiepileptic drugs (p < 0.001). Predictors of comorbidities in CWE were treatment with sodium valproate and polytherapy. Conclusion Neurologic comorbidities are more frequent among CWE than controls; therefore, screening for neurologic comorbidities should be routine when assessing and managing CWE.

Relationship between Serum Vitamin D Levels and Asthma Control in Adult Patients

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by respiratory symptoms that vary both over time and in intensity, along with limited expiratory airflow. This heterogeneity is related to the patient's genetic and environmental phenotype. Vitamin D levels can affect the severity of asthma and the success of asthma treatment. Vitamin D can also influence the effectiveness of glucocorticoid therapy as an anti-inflammatory. This study aimed to determine the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and asthma control, severity, obstruction, and exacerbation levels. This research was a descriptive cross-sectional study on asthma patients at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital and its network for the period October–December 2023. Each research subject had a venous blood sample taken and then checked vitamin D levels at the Hasanuddin University Teaching Hospital Research Laboratory. This research involved 72 research subjects. Most of the research subjects were female (61.1%), aged <45 years (52.8%), worked as housewives (29.2%), had overweight BMI (33.3%), and had a history of atopy (59.7%). The degree of airway obstruction in the study subjects was mostly mild (66.7%) and the degree of severity was intermittent, persistent, and the degree of exacerbation in the same sample (33.3%). The results of the study showed a relationship between vitamin D levels and nutritional status, history of atopy, degree of asthma control using the ACT questionnaire, degree of stable asthma, and exacerbations where p<0.05. Also, it is found that a weakly positive connection (R: 0.2–0.4) between vitamin D levels and ACT, FEV1, FEV/FVC. There is a relationship between vitamin D levels and nutritional status, history of atopy, degree of asthma control using the ACT questionnaire, degree of stable asthma, and exacerbations. There was a relationship between vitamin D levels and the degree of obstruction assessed by spirometry in this study.

Impact of Volleyball Course on College Students’ Tactical Skills in China

In 1910, the game of volleyball was introduced in China. Currently, the level of Chinese competitive volleyball is relatively high, and it has achieved good results in international tournaments so it is timely and necessary to investigate its teaching in universities and colleges. The effects of playing volleyball may influence the students’ safety, physical conditioning, use of facilities, team considerations, experience with the coach or instructor, and tactical ability. Much has been studied in the field of volleyball including its health effects on its players. However, there was a dearth of literature on the effects of volleyball courses on university students in China. Thus, the study looked into this area of investigation to propose a teaching development for volleyball courses in universities and colleges in China. Using descriptive comparative correlational research design, the findings revealed that the majority of the participants were male first-year college students pursuing engineering studies. The college students evaluated the impact of their tactical skills in playing volleyball. The factors of safety and instructor received the highest assessment while the management of equipment and facilities had the lowest assessment. There was a significant difference in the assessment of the management of equipment and facilities domain based on the respondents’ year levels, with a small effect size. On the other hand, no significant difference was found in safety, physical conditioning, team consideration, instructor, and overall experience of college students in playing volleyball. Comparing the groups, 1st and 2nd year students scored higher in management of equipment and facilities than those 3rd year students. Overall, the college students were assessed to have average tactical skills in playing volleyball. Specifically, offensive tactical skills scored higher than defensive tactical skills.

Considering the Environmental Impact of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery.

We sought to calculate the waste generated by cleft lip and palate (CL/P) procedures and to increase awareness of the environmental impact of our speciality. Waste from 5 CL/P procedures was categorised into 5 streams and weighed. A carbon calculator tool was used to convert weight of waste in to estimated carbon emission over a 12-month period. The study was carried out in a university teaching hospital. This was an assessment of the waste produced from 5 paediatric CL/P procedures. Weight of waste produced as result of CL/P procedures, measured in kilograms (kg); weight of CO2, measured in kg. We found that 768.5 kg of surgical waste was generated by CL/P procedures at our centre annually. This equates to 2653 kg of CO2. This study serves as a reminder of surgeons' responsibility to oversee how the waste we produce is disposed of.

Veterinary neurology residency training in Europe-A survey on preparation and plans.

Difficulties in recruitment of veterinary specialists to academia is an ongoing problem for university teaching hospitals. The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of veterinary neurology specialists that plan to work in academia after their residency training and identify the main factors that may influence that decision. An electronic survey was distributed to European College of Veterinary Neurology (ECVN) residents in training and those that completed their residencies within the previous 12 months. Despite similar numbers of residents training in clinical practice and academic institutions, most respondents (79.7%) planned to work in private practice. The most influential factors for deciding future workplace were quality of life, salary, location, and the number of other specialists (with specialists in subjects other than neurology viewed as more important than neurologists) working in the same institution. The most common reasons for not choosing academia were low compensation, excessive bureaucracy, and high administrative workload compared to private clinical practice. Academic institutions need to review support for academic staff and provide stronger mentorship to overcome these problems and ensure provision of high-quality undergraduate teaching in veterinary neurology as well as promoting advancement of the field through basic and applied research.

Assessment of Molecular Response to Treatment of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia at Kigali University Teaching Hospital of Kigali

Abstract Introduction/Objective Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative neoplasm that gives proliferation advantage to the granulocytes, it is one of the commonest chronic hematological malignancies and it is a burden to the world especially Rwanda. Since the introduction of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) especially the first line Imatinib in 2001, the outcomes of CML have been much improved and currently, in developed world, the life expectancy of patients with CML is almost the same as general population. However, it is not the case in developing world especially Rwanda due to limitation on access of all TKIs. The aim of this study is to assess molecular response on Imatinib of patients with CML. Methods/Case Report This was a one arm open label prospective cohort study that recruited 31 patients with CML and on Imatinib for at least three months and followed for 11 months. The clinical features at diagnosis and recruitment were captured from the hospitals filing systems and investigator’s own assessment at the time of recruitment respectively. Information was filled to a well-structured questionnaire. Lab results at the time of diagnosis was obtained from laboratories reporting systems. Samples for full blood count and BCR-ABL1/ABL1 were withdrawn from the patients at the time of diagnosis and they were run at University Teaching Hospital of Kigali (CHUK). Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 28) and South Texas Art Therapy Association (STATA 15.0). Results (if a Case Study enter NA) Better response according to European LeukemiaNet (ELN) defined as optimal response was found among only 38.7% and resistance to imatinib defined by ELN as Failure and warning was found in 45.2% and 16.1% respectively. The eleven months survival rate was 93.5% in which it is 85.7% among those in treatment failure group. Late presentation showed by presence of very high White Blood Cells above 100x109/L and massive splenomegaly at diagnosis, and poor adherence to Imatinib according to Morsiky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) are associated with poor molecular response to Imatinib. Conclusion CML is a serious disease especially to those who suffer from it; on time diagnosis, access to all available lines of TKIs and better follow up are crucial for patients with CML to access the same life expectancy as general population as it is in developed world.

Histopathological study of scaly plaque over palm and sole in patients attending a tertiary care Hospital in Kathmandu

Background: Dermatoses of palms and soles are frequently encountered as palms and soles have non-hairy skin. Scaling skin could be a symptom of many medical conditions including psoriasis, eczema, contact dermatitis, ichthyosis, actinic keratosis, lichen planus, tinea, etc. Psoriasis must be differentiated from its non-psoriatic lesions. Histopathological examination often serves as a confirmative part of the diagnosis. Materials and methods: This was a hospital-based retrospective study carried out in the Department of Pathology and Department of Dermatology of Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital. A total of 139 cases of scaly plaque skin lesions of the palm and sole from January 2020 to December 2022 were included in the study. The histopathological diagnosis was correlated with the clinical diagnosis. Results: Among 139 persons presenting with scaly lesions, the median age was 36 years with an age range from 15 years to 80 years. A female preponderance (59%) was observed. The odds of Psoriasis were 2.5 times higher (OR CI: 1.21 to 5.17) among those aged 36 years and above (P value 0.011). There was a significant association between age categories and histological diagnosis of scaly lesions. The agreement was significant between the clinical and histological diagnosis for psoriatic (63.0%) and non-psoriatic lesions (76.3%) with a Cohen’s kappa coefficient of 0.38 (SE: 0.084), P value < 0.0001. Conclusions: Both psoriatic and non-psoriatic lesions can present as scaly plaque skin lesions, hence the knowledge of these clinical mimickers is important for the proper diagnosis. The histopathological examination will give the confirmatory diagnosis.

Study of placenta histopathology in low birth weight deliveries: A prospective cross-sectional study at Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital

Background: Placenta is the most important organ that represents the status of the mother and fetus. Its examination on gross and microscopy can reveal varied pregnancy-related diseases, decreasing future adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study aims to examine the placenta histopathologically among low birth weight pregnancies. Materials and methods: A prospective case-control study was conducted in the Department of Pathology over one year. The placenta of low birth weight (weight < 2.5 kg) term pregnancies were histopathologically examined. The maternal demographics, co-morbidity, gravida, and hemoglobin levels were recorded. Descriptive statistics, and student t-test or Chi-square test were used for two-group analysis. Results: Thirty-two consecutive patients enrolled in each group. A significant proportion of the patients in the study group were anemic (9.2 vs. 11.5 gm/dl; p=0.03). Pregnancy-induced hypertension rate was significantly higher in the study group (31% vs. 9%; p = 0.042). Gross observations in low birth weight pregnancies were sub-chorionic fibrin deposition (75%), calcification (37%) and infarction (31%). On microscopy, chorionic vessel thrombosis was significantly higher in the study group (56% vs. 6%; p= 0.003). Furthermore, chorioamnionitis (34%) and placental floor infarction (12%) were also observed in a significantly higher number of placentas in the study group. Conclusions: Anemia and pregnancy-induced hypertension are important associated factors for low birth weight pregnancies. Pathological examinations reveal higher fibrin deposition, infarction, calcification, sub-chronic vessel thrombosis, and chorioamnionitis in low birth weight placenta.

Construction of Evaluation Index System of Specialized Teaching Effect of Physical Education in Universities

In the field of physical education, the specialized teaching of physical education in colleges and universities is gradually becoming the focus. This study aims to build an evaluation index system of specialized physical education teaching effect in colleges and universities, so as to accurately reflect the current actual situation of physical education teaching in colleges and universities. By clarifying the principles that should be followed in the construction of an evaluation index system and listening to experts' opinions, it is ensured that the constructed evaluation system can not only fully reflect the teaching effect, but also objectively evaluate the teaching quality. Finally, a comprehensive evaluation system is put forward and implemented, so that colleges and universities can more clearly understand the advantages and disadvantages of physical education, and then formulate targeted improvement measures. This will not only help to improve the quality of physical education in colleges and universities, but also improve students' physical literacy and physical and mental health.

Tuberculosis-related deaths at a tertiary hospital in Zambia: Insights into the prevalence and associated factors.

Tuberculosis (TB) mortality remains a significant public health concern globally. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of tuberculosis-related deaths and associated factors among patients at Livingstone University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) Chest Clinic, Zambia. We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study among 694 individuals (507 adult and 187 children) diagnosed with drug susceptible TB disease between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2022. Demographic and clinical information were collected from medical records using a data collection form. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with TB-related death. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. STATA version 15 was used for all data analysis. The prevalence of TB-related death among adults (above 19 years old) was 18.4% (n = 93) whereas that in children (below 19 years old) was 7.0% (n = 187). Living with HIV (AOR 1.75, 95% CI 1.00-3.08, p = 0.049) was positively associated with TB-related death among the adult patients while being on a family based direct observation therapy (DOT) plan was negatively associated with TB-related death both among adults and among children, (AOR 0.24, 95% CI 0.13-0.45, p <0.001) and (AOR 0.2, 95% CI 0.03-0.99, p = 0.039) respectively. This study found a high TB-related mortality rate, both among adults and children, exceeding the national target of 5% and it was significantly associated with HIV status and DOT plan. There is therefore a need to enhance strategies aimed at reducing TB-related deaths, especially among those living with HIV.

&lt;span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Factors affecting learning activeness of students from the Faculty of Social Sciences Teacher Education, School of Education, Dong Thap University&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

Students' activeness in learning plays an important role in comprehending the content of university teaching because the nature of university teaching is a unique cognitive activity of a research nature of students under the organization and instructions by teachers. Therefore, activeness in learning requires students to be proactive in assigned learning tasks, forming a sense of self-study and self-research during university studies and in professional activities in their future careers. Students' activeness in learning is the result of subjective and objective factors. This article presents the results of a survey of the current status of factors affecting the active learning of students at the Faculty of Social Sciences Teacher Education at Dong Thap University to serve as a basis for further research on methods of student education.

Traumatic and Non-traumatic Radiculomedullary Compressions: A Comparative Analysis.

Background Radiculomedullary lesions represent a significant public health issue, with their epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic characteristics varying depending on whether they are of traumatic or non-traumatic origin. The aim of this study was to compare clinical, therapeutic, and postoperative aspects between traumatic radiculomedullary lesions (TRML) and non-traumatic radiculomedullary lesions (NTRML). Methods This was a prospective cohort study conducted from 2020 to 2023 involving patients suffering from radiculomedullary lesions operated at the Department of Neurosurgery, University Teaching Hospital of Kinshasa. In addition to socio-demographic characteristics, the two patient groups - traumatic and non-traumatic - were compared based on clinical, therapeutic, and postoperative aspects using the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA)and Spinal Cord Independence Measures (SCIM III) scores. Results We included 153 patients, with 73 traumatic cases (47.7%) and 80 non-traumatic cases (52.3%). TRMLs were predominantly caused by road traffic accidents (34%) and falls (11%), while NTRMLs were mainly due to disc herniations (22.2%) and tuberculosis (13.7%). The mean age for TRMLs was 35.4 ±12.8 years with a sex ratio of 3.5, compared to 50.7±15.9 years and a sex ratio of 1.1 for NTRMLs. TRMLs were more frequently located in the cervical region (32.8%) and the thoracolumbar junction (40%), whereas NTRMLs predominantly affected the thoracic (22.5%) and lumbar (63.7%) regions. Patients with NTRMLs had more incomplete lesions (98.7%) and better SCIM III scores at admission compared to TRMLs (p ˂ 0.001). TRMLs had more complete deficits 42 (57.3%) vs 1 (1.3%). Both groups significantly improved their ASIA and SCIM III scores postoperatively (p ˂ 0.001) but in a similar manner (Diff-in-diff: ASIA, p=0.955; SCIM, p=0.967). TRMLs developed more complications than NTRMLs (p˂0,001). Only five patients (11.6%) with ASIA A progressed to higher grades, and all remained dependent (SCIM III score ˂50). The average hospital stay was 89.2 ±74.2 days for TRMLs and 57.5±52.9 days for NTRMLs (p˂0.001). Conclusion This study revealed that TRMLs frequently affect young male individuals and are often located in the cervical region and thoracolumbar junction. In contrast, NTRMLs affect older individuals without gender preference and are usually found in the thoracic and lumbar regions. TRMLs often lead to complete deficits, pressure sores, urinary infections, and longer hospital stays compared to NTRMLs. Both patient groups showed significant postoperative improvement with no significant difference between them. However, patients with complete deficits showed less improvement in both groups.

Medial rectus re-advancement: more bang for your buck?

ABSTRACT Introduction: Although there are guidance tables in the literature on surgical dosage for primary medial rectus resection-lateral rectus recession surgery, there is a lack of consensus on the surgical gains in medial rectus re-advancement (MRR) for the management of consecutive exotropia. We compared the surgical outcomes of primary medial rectus resection-lateral recession (RR) surgery, to MRR in patients with consecutive exotropia. Methods: Retrospective, electronic note review of consecutive patients undergoing primary RR surgery for basic exotropia (RR group), convergence insufficiency-type exotropia, and divergence excess, and consecutive patients undergoing MRR with or without lateral rectus recession (MRR group) for consecutive exotropia in a teaching university hospital. Results: There were 84 patients in the RR group and 27 patients in the MRR group. The median age in the RR group was 25.50 years (range 4–79) and 45 years (18–87) in the MRR group (p = .002). Median follow-up was 7 months (3–43) in the RR group and 1 month (1–12) in the MRR group. Post-operatively, there was a median exotropia reduction of 27.00 prism diopters (PD) (range +5, –65; p < .0001) for near, and 27.00 PD (+10, –51; p < .0001) for distance in the RR group. In the MRR group, the median exotropia reduction was 34.50 PD (2, –67; p < .0001) for near and 33.00 PD (1, –67; p < .0001) for distance. There was a greater reduction in the exotropia in the MRR group compared to the RR group for distance (p = .047), but this did not meet statistical significance for near (p = 0.10). The median dose–effect relationship (PD/millimeter) was higher in the MRR group both for near deviation (2.90 vs 2.15, p = .0073) and for distance deviation (2.91 vs 2.15, =0.0041). Conclusion: Based on our study cohort, medial rectus re-advancement appears to have a greater dose-effect in reducing the distance angle of deviation for both near and distance compared to primary recess-resect surgery. Further prospective longitudinal studies would shed further light on the dose–effect relationship over time.

ChatGPT and scientific research in university higher education

In the present study, the influence of ChatGPT on scientific research in university higher education was determined. The deductive method, quantitative approach, explanatory level, and pre-experimental design were used. The sample consisted of 36 students coursing a Master's Degree in University Research and Teaching at the Graduate School of the Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Puno, Peru. The results showed that ChatGPT significantly influences scientific research, with an increase in results from the pretest of 2.8% to the posttest of 80.6%. In conclusion, ChatGPT has a positive impact on the formulation of scientific research, demonstrating its potential to improve the academic quality and impact of research papers.

Research on Teaching Ethics Regulation Strategies of University Teachers

The research on the teaching ethics of university teachers is conducive to the improvement of the teaching ethics system of our country, and provides the basis for the construction of the ethical standards system suitable for the requirements of modern university teaching. Although there are various codes of ethics in colleges and universities, some experts and scholars also have some scattered research content on teachers' teaching ethics, which has some positive role in promoting the improvement of the professional ethics of college teachers, but the system of teaching ethics of college teachers in China has not yet been established. This study tries to put forward the strategy of teaching ethics regulation for university teachers, hoping to promote the construction of the teaching ethics regulation system in university and promote the steady improvement of the quality of higher education.

Spatial Distribution and Environmental Correlates of Cataract and Glaucoma Prevalence in Damaturu LGA, Nigeria

Study’s Excerpt/Novelty This study presents spatial analysis of cataracts and glaucoma within Damaturu Local Government Area, Yobe State, Nigeria, leveraging hospital records from Yobe State University Teaching Hospital to identify demographic distributions and spatial trends of these eye conditions. It employs both Arc Map software and Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) for comprehensive data evaluation, addressing the challenge of string data types in age group records to provide precise demographic insights. The research's emphasis on middle-aged and older individuals' susceptibility and the critical need for targeted healthcare interventions offers new perspectives on managing and mitigating the impact of cataracts and glaucoma in developing regions. Full Abstract The rising prevalence of blindness and vision impairments, particularly due to cataracts and glaucoma, poses significant challenges in developing countries with limited access to essential healthcare services. This paper delves into the spatial analysis of cataracts and glaucoma in Damaturu Local Government Area of Yobe State, Nigeria, aiming to uncover spatial trends and demographic distributions of these eye conditions within the region. Drawing data from Yobe State University Teaching Hospital, where records of patients with Glaucoma and Cataract diseases were periodically documented, the study included a total of 187 patients. An essential aspect of the analysis focused on mapping the age groups affected by cataracts and glaucoma, providing valuable insights into the vulnerability of different age cohorts to these diseases. The data encompassed age groups ranging from 20 to 80 years, with notable concentrations observed between ages 25 to 60 and 25 to 80 years, indicating the higher susceptibility of middle-aged and older individuals. It's noteworthy to mention that due to the nature of data collection at the hospital, the age group values were recorded as string data types, represented by unique values for each case. This necessitates a detailed understanding of the age demographics affected by cataracts and glaucoma to tailor healthcare interventions effectively. To correct any errors or ambiguities, the data was also evaluated and analyzed using the Arc Map software with variables and the Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) was also be used for analysis along with the administrative boarders. The study's conclusion underscores the critical need for intensified management and treatment of patients with progressive cataracts and glaucoma cases, emphasizing the importance of optic disc excavation and addressing distorted vision fields. These findings align with previous hospital-based studies, highlighting the ongoing challenges and the imperative for targeted healthcare strategies to address the growing burden of these eye conditions comprehensively. In essence, this research contributes valuable insights into the spatial and demographic aspects of cataracts and glaucoma in Damaturu LGA, advocating for focused healthcare interventions and management protocols to enhance patient outcomes and mitigate the impact of these prevalent eye diseases.

Zum Stand des Fachs Cultură și civilizație an rumänischen Universitäten

Abstract Culture and civilization is probably one of the most discussed areas in foreign language didactics. It is taught both implicitly in the teaching of German as a foreign language and as an independent subject in university teaching. It is also offered at many Romanian universities as part of German-language degree courses. Especially in subjects in which prospective teachers and translators are trained, culture and civilization occupies a special position because it plays the undisputedly important role of imparting cultural knowledge about the target language country, which is seen as the second component in foreign language acquisition alongside linguistic knowledge. While foreign language lessons usually deal with everyday cultural topics, university courses on culture and civilization tend to focus on geography, history, politics, media, art and/or economics, usually according to the respective focus of the department where the culture and civilization course is offered. This article deals with academic research on the subject of culture and civilization at Romanian universities after 1995, specifically with the objectives and methods for teaching culture and civilization, the organization of encounters in culture and civilization lessons and possible subject catalogs.