This study examines school environment and pupils’ academic performance in selected primary schools in Ibaare sub-county of Bushenyi district, Uganda. The study adopted descriptive research design with a sample of 60 participants. Findings show that the study found that instructional materials are crucial for teaching and learning school subjects to improve teacher efficiency and student performance. They also enable active and successful lesson participation by teachers and students. Based on the findings, the study calls for adequate instructional aid to be provided in order to increase students’ performance in their academics. Second, teachers are advised to always attend workshops, seminars, vocational courses to make them be abreast of the current development in their teaching subjects. There is also the need for teachers to be creative and resourceful. Learning resources that are very costly to purchase can be improvised. Provision should be made to establish and equip library in every school. There should also be provision for the training of the students in the use of library. Finally, parents should be encouraged to buy recommended textbooks for their wards to supplement teachers’ notes. Keywords: Academic performance, Educational facilities, Human capital buildup, Pupils, School environment