Class Teachers Research Articles

The Analysis of Social-emotional Development of Low-class Students in Learning

This study aimed to determine the social-emotional development of low-class students in learning. This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach used to use facts, and the study also focused on analysing the social-emotional development of low-class students at SD Negeri 92 Central Maluku. This study had a total of 30 student participants. Data collection was done by observation, documentation, and interviews with class teachers. The data analysis technique used is descriptive statistical analysis. The instrument was assessed by the observer using a Likert scale, with a score of 1-4, the highest score for each item was 4 (often) and the lowest was 1 (never). The results of the study showed that students’ social-emotional development in learning was good, and this can be seen from the aspects of students’ self-awareness which obtained an average result of 3.23 in the good category, the responsibility aspect obtained an average result of 2.77 in the good category, and the relationship skill aspect obtained an average result of 3.01 in the good category. Keywords: social-emotional, low-class students, learning

Translanguaging in instruction and pedagogic design: promoting learner-centredness in a teacher-centred reading classroom of a Bangladeshi university

ABSTRACT This study investigated the impact of translanguaging pedagogy on the reading comprehension process of first-year students studying at an English department of a Bangladeshi public university. Through a two-pronged ethnographic research design, data were collected through classroom observation, pedagogical intervention, a semi-structured interview with the class teacher and a focus group discussion with students. The entire data set was analyzed using ‘Moment Analysis,’ a conceptual framework, to provide pedagogical evidence supporting how translanguaging in instruction can facilitate students embracing a more active and collaborative role in a teacher-centered classroom. This study suggests that translanguaging-oriented instruction and pedagogic design can stimulate metalinguistic awareness to improve comprehension while enhancing active engagement with the reading materials to the benefit of the students who do not have English as a first language. Furthermore, translanguaging pedagogies can foster individualism (agency), a quality that English departments promote among their students. The findings have implications for planning future policy, including interim stages, that can bridge the English language proficiency gap between pre-tertiary and tertiary education in Bangladesh.

Job Satisfaction and Performance of College Teachers in the Online Teaching Mode

The sudden switch to blended and online learning environment due to the global pandemic changes higher education and consequently influence college teachers’ job satisfaction and performance. Challenges that the teachers teaching in colleges experienced while working under virtual learning environment are shown to have caused impacts on their job satisfaction and performance. This article aims to review the major designs or determinants affecting the satisfaction and effectiveness of the college teachers in online classes and potential consequences for the future. The online teaching mode seems to have its advantages and limitations to college educators. Flexibility is a strength of the school but there is a lack of enough technological support and student engagement as key factors to enhancing the teacher’s job satisfaction. This can be achieved in the mentioned areas to support educators as well as improve the quality of online learning. Some of the recommendations include developing new, improved approaches to training that include teachers in online classrooms; upgrading the means of communicating with teachers working in online classrooms; and the creation of recognition and incentive systems designed to help teachers working in online classrooms. The study concluded that above mentioned initiatives can help to foster satisfaction and performance enhancing the long-term model of online teaching that help teachers and students.

Luokanopettajaopiskelijat kielellisiä havaintojaan selittämässä

In light of previous research, it is important to examine class teachers’ perceptions of language so that we can develop pedagogical practices to evoke pupils’ interest and enthusiasm towards the language. In this article, we study what student teachers perceive about language and how they conceptualise their perceptions. We examined 264 student teachers’ interpretations of two sentences with different ambiguities and a nonsense sentence. The data were analysed using both theory- and data-driven qualitative content analysis. The results showed that many students already had a high level of metalinguistic competence: they perceived the ambiguity of the sentences, approached the nonsense sentence with relevant concepts and were able to explicate their linguistic deduction. However, some of the students had challenges, for example in using metalanguage, or they perceived the sentences mainly from a normative perspective. The results can be utilized in developing teaching practices in teacher education and in enhancing the language awareness of student teachers.

Encourage self-learning and collaborative learning through gamification during COVID-19 pandemic: A case study for teaching biochemistry.

During COVID-19 pandemic, there was a change in the teaching mode from face-to-face to online teaching. It was especially challenging for teachers to motivate students to learn through distance learning. This shift in teaching mode also lowered student-student and student-teacher interactions. In this project, a biochemistry courseware, Metabolism Metro (Adventure Mode), was designed which aimed to motivate students learning metabolic pathways in a fun and interactive way. The Metabolism Metro (Adventure Mode) was based on a role-play game design and contained quizzes with questions covering the topics of carbohydrate, lipid, protein, and nucleotide metabolism. In order to enhance the courseware usage, and to encourage collaborative learning, the class teacher had organized a prize-winning competition. Students could join the competition either individually or in groups to complete the game. By including challenging quizzes in the courseware, some students tended to form groups to solve the problems together. They either discussed the problems over the phone, or sat together and answered the questions using one computer. Besides reading the lecture notes, the students also tried to read the textbook, found the answers from the internet, or sought help from the class teacher. Students were attracted to self-learn metabolic pathways to complete the quizzes.

Single Parental Status: Effects on Learners’ Emotional Behaviour in Public Primary Schools in Kanduyi Sub County, Kenya

The family is the stimulus behind the growth and development of an individual. Children emerge from different parental status, this include intact and single parental status. However in schools, learners from single parenthood display different emotional behaviour compared to those from intact parenthood. The objective of the study was to establish the effects of single parental status on learners’ emotional behaviour. The study was guided by family systems theory and adopted comparative research design. The study targeted a total of 458 participants, including 440 standard eight learners (212 boys and 228 girls), 9 class teachers, and 9 guidance and counseling teachers from 9 public primary schools in Kanduyi Sub County, Bungoma County. The standard eight learners were selected due to their unique experiences and maturation, as well as their physical, mental, and emotional development, which enabled them to express themselves in a manner that was comparable to that of their peers in other classes. Stratified random sampling was used to obtain participants according to their gender; simple random sampling was used to give equal chance to all learners to participate in the study. Purposive sampling was employed to select class teachers and Guidance and Counselling teachers as key informants on matters concerning learners. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data. The study utilised content validity while reliability of the instruments was established by cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.697. Simple linear regression was used to analyse data. Data analysis revealed a statistically significant effect of single parenting on learners emotional behaviour F (1,198=4.731, p<0.05. The findings revealed that single parenting negatively affected learner emotional behaviour since the p-value<0.05 hence the null hypothesis rejected. The study recommended for effective guidance and counselling services for learners from single parental status to help them improve on their emotional behaviour such as low self-esteem, aggression and anxiety while in school.

Accountability management system of superior elementary school for digital transformation

The purpose of this research is to find out i) the quality of the accountability management system of superior schools, ii) elementary school digital transformation capabilities, and iii) the relationship between the quality of the accountability management system for superior schools and the digital transformation capabilities of elementary schools in Indonesia. The research approach used is quantitative. The research location is in public elementary schools in Malang City. The population of this research is all 195 public elementary schools. The research sample is 22 public elementary schools. The research subjects were school principals, class teachers, and subject teachers totaling 51 people. Data collection is done by using a questionnaire. Elementary schools with superior school accountability management systems have the ability to drive their digital transformation capabilities. Excellent school accountability management systems and school digital transformation capabilities guarantee equal access to education for all students. Implications for improving teaching and learning are also discussed in this paper. The variables studied can be used to determine the priority scale for planning, implementing and evaluating superior school accountability management systems in digital transformation, in increasing teacher competency.

Development of a questionnaire for identifying autoaggressive and heteroaggressive tendencies in adolescents

Introduction. Among the leading causes of deaths in young people aged 15-29, interpersonal violence is the third most common cause, and suicide – the fourth one. Autoaggression and heteroaggression are considered as interrelated phenomena conditioned to a great extent by biological and personality factors. For more effective diagnostics, it is important to pay attention not only to the psychological characteristics of the adolescent but also to the social aspects of his/her life. The aim of the study was to develop a questionnaire for identifying autoaggressive and heteroaggressive tendencies in adolescents. Materials and methods. A total of 606 respondents took part in the study – 58.8% girls and 41.2% boys. The respondents’ ages ranged from 13 to 19. Autoaggressive tendencies were investigated using the Suicidal Behaviour Questionnaire. Aggressive behaviour was assessed using the Bass-Perry Aggression Questionnaire. Due factors were identified using the principal components method. The reliability was confirmed by Cronbach’s α coefficient; the validity was verified by Pearson correlation coefficient. Results. A proprietary questionnaire was developed to identify autoaggressive and heteroaggressive tendencies in adolescents. Target indicator responses were set for each measured parameter (levels of heteroaggression and autoaggression) amidst all possible answers to the questionnaire. The overall arithmetic score was a basis for calculating the autoaggression and heteroaggression indexes. The mean value of the autoaggression index was 7.7841. The distribution of answers showed that 19.5% of the respondents had an autoaggression index value of 12 and higher, which determined the choice of this value as the limit of the norm. The proven correlation between predisposition to aggression and increased risk of suicidal behaviour allows using the index of 20% to assess the prevalence of heteroaggressive tendencies in the population. The mean value of the heteroaggression index was 9.0767. The heteroaggression index value was 13 and higher in 19.7% of the respondents, which determined the choice of this value as the limit of the norm. Besides, it is necessary to take into account that, when completing the questionnaire, the respondent tends to give socially approved answers. Therefore, a person who scored 0 is included in the risk group. Conclusions. The sociological method makes it possible to identify the most disadvantaged groups that need preventive and corrective work. The developed questionnaire allows a school psychologist or a class teacher to assess the prevalence of certain tendencies in the class and to individualise help at the next stage.

Kendala Pelaksanaan Metode Pembelajaran Kurikulum Merdeka pada Proses Pembelajaran di Sekolah Dasar Negeri

This study analyzes the obstacles to implementing learning methods by the Independent Curriculum in Public Elementary Schools (SDN). The research method used in this study is descriptive qualitative. The data was collected through interviews with class teachers, classroom observations, and document analysis. The results of this study show three findings. First, there are obstacles in implementing learning methods according to the Independent Curriculum in the form of a need for teacher readiness from designing to implementing the teaching and learning process at SDN 3 Menganti. Second, there is a lack of variation in learning methods used by grade IV teachers of SDN 3 Menganti in the learning process, so they are not in line with students' characteristics and learning interests. Third, the availability of facilities and equipment is inadequate, so implementing the Independent Curriculum in schools is hampered.

Influence of Family-Related Truancy on Pupils’ Academic Performance in Public Primary School in Kakamega Central Sub-County, Kenya

Education is a continuous process of structured instruction aimed at achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through pupils’ academic performance. However, Kenyan primary schools encounter persistent challenges, including low grades, behavioral issues, lack of engagement, and difficulties in mastering basic academic skills, raising significant concerns. Thus, the purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of family-related truancy on pupils’ academic performance in public primary school in Kakamega Central Sub-County, Kenya. The study was anchored on Hirschi (1969) social control theory. The study employed a descriptive survey research design, targeting768 respondents, including 67 deputy head teachers 134 pupils and 567 class teachers. The sample size comprised 256 individuals, consisting of 24 head teachers, 45 pupils and 205 class teachers, selected using a stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected through validated questionnaires and interview guides, with instrument reliability confirmed via a pilot study, demonstrating a Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient of 0.74. Quantitative data underwent descriptive and inferential statistical analysis, presented in tables, while qualitative data were analyzed for common themes, organized, and discussed within the study’s main objective areas, with relevant quotations used to present findings. The research findings indicated a statistically significant correlation (p=0.00 at α = 0.05) between causes of family-related truancy and pupils’ academic performance in public primary schools. Therefore, it is recommended that education policymakers devise and execute comprehensive guidelines and support systems to effectively manage and mitigate the various causes of truancy stemming from family. The information provided by this study will benefit policymakers, community members and academicians.

Parenting behaviour and student discipline in public boarding secondary schools in Western region of Kenya

Discipline in schools is an issue that especially concerns educators, parents, and other stakeholders. In an environment that lacks order and discipline, it is impossible for students to learn effectively. Thus, order and discipline are indispensable for achieving positive educational results. The family assumes a pivotal role in shaping the early years of an individual. The purpose of this research was to investigate the influence of parenting behaviour on student discipline in public boarding secondary schools in Western region of Kenya. Family composition and structural-functionalism theories served as guiding principles for the research. The investigation was conducted using an ex post facto design. The study's target population consisted of 5583 class teachers and 369 deputy principals (administrators-in-charge) from 369 public boarding secondary institutions. The sample included 123 deputy Principals and 558 class teachers from the 123 randomly selected schools. Simple random sampling was used to select 558 class teachers while purposive sampling was used to select 123 deputy Principals. For the purpose of data collection from the participants, a questionnaire and an interview schedule were employed. The assessment of the instruments' reliability was conducted using the test-retest method, results of the pilot study reveal that all scales were trustworthy because their reliability values were more than the required threshold of 0.7. Data was analyzed using frequency, percentages, weighted averages, correlations and multi-regression analysis. The study concluded that parenting behavior influence the discipline of students in public secondary schools. Therefore, it was recommended that school management boards should organize for the sensitization meetings on effective parenting behaviour, this will enable curb indiscipline among students.

Relationship between Student-Teachers’ Academic Interaction and Academic Self-Esteem in Public Secondary Schools in Nakuru County, Kenya

The learners’ academic self-esteem and academic interaction shape the learning environment of students. The purpose of this study was to examine students’ academic interaction and academic self-esteem relationships in public secondary schools in Nakuru County, Kenya. Correlational research design and both quantitative and qualitative research approaches were used in the study. The population of the study comprised 23,309 that is 11,938 boys and 11,371 girls form three students from 294 public secondary schools in Nakuru County. A total of 29 public secondary schools and 378 form three students were selected using stratified random sampling. The study used purposive sampling to sample 29 class teachers from the selected public secondary schools in Nakuru County. The total sample size for this study was therefore 407 respondents. The study used closed-ended questionnaires to collect data from students and interview schedule to collect data from class teachers. To ensure content validity of the research instruments, the researcher developed questionnaires and an interview schedule in line with the objectives of the study in consultation with experts on counseling and educational foundations. To test the reliability of the questionnaire, a pilot study was done on one secondary school that was not part of the actual study. Cronbach’s Alpha test of internal consistency was established whereby the items had reliability coefficients of 0.871 (for the student-teacher academic interactions tool) and 0.873 (for student academic self-esteem tool) which were considered acceptable. Quantitative data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24 while qualitative data was analyzed using NVivo version 12. The study established that there was a statistically significant relationship between student-teachers’ academic interaction and academic self-esteem in public secondary schools in Nakuru County, Kenya. The study recommends Kenyan teachers training institutions to advance teaching methods that seeks to improve student-teachers’ academic interaction and academic self-esteem for better academic achievement.

Curriculum Adaptation in Science Subjects at Banda Aceh Inclusive Elementary School

The inclusive education programme is a step towards implementing the mandate of the 1945 Constitution and eliminating discrimination in the education system in Indonesia. Through this programme, all children with various needs can learn together with other normal children in the same school. This study aims to identify the form of curriculum adaptation, especially in science subjects at SDN 25 Banda Aceh. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through interviews, observations and documentation, with the interview subjects being a special mentor teacher and a class teacher at the school. Based on the results of interviews, observations and documentation, curriculum adaptation at SDN 25 Banda Aceh is reviewed from the adaptation aspect and the principle aspect. Curriculum adaptation can be seen in teaching modules or lesson plans accompanied by special notes and adjustments to learning outcomes for children with disabilities in accordance with the Merdeka curriculum. Learning adaptation can be seen in the presence of a special mentor teacher in the classroom and accompanied by the class teacher. Environmental adaptation is not optimal because the school is not optimal. In science learning, adaptations and modifications for children with disabilities are still limited.

Analysis of the Use of Educational Game Media for Science Subjects on Digestive System Material

Educational games are games that are used in the learning process, as a form of technology adaptation in the world of education to help teachers improve the learning process in the classroom. Researchers conducted research with the aim of analyzing the use of educational game media during learning; analyze the impact of using educational game media; how important educational game media is in class V science and science learning at Japeledok State Elementary School. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods. This research was carried out at SDN Japeledok, Pancur District, Rembang Regency. SDN Japeledok has a total of 11 class V students consisting of 7 boys and 4 girls. The data taken from this research are observations, questionnaires, interviews and documentation using triangulation techniques. The results obtained from this research are the use of educational game media in Japeledok Elementary School that have been implemented by class teachers are Wordwall and Quizizz; The impact given after implementing educational game media is an interactive and fun learning experience, training students' thinking skills, increasing interest and motivation to learn, and making students more active in the learning process in class. Overall, educational games have had a lot of positive impacts on students and teachers. Judging from the impact this educational game has, it has an important role in implementing learning. Educational game media not only provides an interesting alternative in education, but also opens up new opportunities to improve the quality of learning and learning experiences for various types of learners.

Development of Powtoon Media in IPAS Learning Assisted by The PBL Model in Fourth Grade Elementary School

Learning is still carried out conventionally, even though school facilities support carrying out learning using renewable technology-based learning media. However, teachers lack innovation in learning media to be used in the learning process. Apart from that, student learning outcomes are still low. This research aims to develop Powtoon learning media assisted by the problem-based learning model in science and science learning in class IV elementary schools that is valid, practical, and effective. This type of research is research and development (R&D). The development model used is ADDIE. The methods used to collect research data are observation, interviews, questionnaires, and learning outcomes tests. Subject validation is carried out by material, language, and media expert validators. The test subjects were Class IV elementary school students and class teachers. The validation results by material, media, and language experts stated that they were valid for the media being developed. The practicality results in both small and large groups obtained a very valid practicality category. Meanwhile, the results of effectiveness tests in small and large groups have increased. In this way, the media developed is declared valid, practical and effective, and suitable for use in science and science learning in Class IV.

Profil Keterampilan Komunikasi dan Kolaborasi Peserta Didik dalam Pembelaran IPA Materi Pengenalan Sel pada Siswa SMP

This study aims to determine the profile of communication and collaboration skills of students in science learning on cell recognition material in class VIII SMP Negeri 8 Medan based on indicators of communication and collaboration skills and also based on the results of observations in learning and the results of in-depth interviews with students. This research was conducted in April-August 2024 at SMP Negeri 8 Medan. This research is included in descriptive research with qualitative methods. Determination of subjects using purposive sampling technique. The subjects consisted of 1 science teacher of class VIII and 4 students of class VIII. The data analysis technique used in this research is descriptive qualitative. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with research subjects and also direct observation related to communication and collaboration skills of students in learning. The results showed that the communication and collaboration skills of students on cell recognition material showed diverse abilities. The observation showed that only some students were active in sharing their opinions during class discussions, while others were not able to explain the material well. Although students' enthusiasm was high, only a few were able to effectively discuss the material again. However, they showed good communication by asking and answering questions from the teacher and classmates. In addition, students' collaboration skills can be seen from active participation in discussions and group work, where they can work together to complete tasks in a timely and responsible manner.

Exploring Children’s Self-Reports of Victimisation Experiences and Solitary, Prosocial, and Aggressive Behaviours

Young children’s social behaviour plays an important role in their lives. Most research makes use of reports from adults and peers, rather than speaking to young children about their own behaviour. The current study was exploratory and looked at children’s self-reports of solitary, prosocial and aggressive behaviours, and victimisation experiences, during the formative school years. Children aged between four and seven years (n = 193) were recruited from three primary schools. Using an innovative method with stick-figure animations, they were asked to provide frequency ratings of 16 of their own behaviours. Class teachers were also asked to provide ratings for the participating children’s behaviours. Key findings showed that children offer unique insight into their behaviour and experiences. Specifically, children’s self-reports of victimisation experiences are more complex than their teachers; and teachers were found to under-report solitary behaviour in boys in comparison to self-reports. Self-reports of prosocial and aggressive behaviour showed some possible social desirability amongst 6–7-year-olds, but there are also potential situational and gender biases in reports from their teachers. These findings show the importance of including young children’s self-reports in the study of their behaviour.

Children’s voices through teachers’ stories

We understand our lives through narratives, and the form of these narratives is appropriate for understanding the actions of others, writes MacIntyre (1981). Meanwhile, narratives and our understanding of them also inform our understanding of our own actions. In this article, student kindergarten teachers share anecdotes from their teaching practice assignments. These preservice teachers (PSTs) relay stories that are serious and important from a child’s perspective, and which they themselves experienced as serious and important while spending time with children and listening to children’s voices. Our aim here is to give even very young children a voice in their own everyday lives and to discuss how PSTs might listen more closely to what children are saying. Our narrative analysis of stories (Van Manen, 1997, 2014; Clandinin, 2013) offered by Norwegian and Italian PSTs presents a range of perspectives on life management and a desire for conversation in children aged 2–8 years. The stories are told through the student kindergarten teachers’ voices, and they were shared with and reflected upon with the children’s in-service class teachers. The article sheds retrospective light on children’s telling of, and thinking about, stories.

Fostering social-emotional competencies to improve social functioning, social inclusion, and school well-being: Results of a cluster non-randomized pilot study

BackgroundThe development of social competencies is key for enhancing both cognitive and non-cognitive skills among students. These competencies are central to students' ability to function socially, feel included, and experience overall well-being within the school environment. Schools can play an active role in promoting and shaping these outcomes by implementing various strategies. This study presents and reports on the outcomes of a six-week social-emotional intervention program implemented by class teachers. MethodsThe pilot study employed a two-arm cluster non-randomized trial with a pretest-post-test design. The study evaluates students' social competencies as the primary outcome and social functioning, social inclusion, and school well-being as the secondary outcomes. Students in the intervention group participated in a six-week social-emotional learning intervention, attending two sessions each week, while the control classes followed the regular curriculum. ResultsData were collected from both teachers and students. Student-reported data were collected from 266 students (n = 124 girls, n = 142 boys) aged 8 to 14 (M = 9.84) and from teachers on 212 students (n = 92 girls; n = 115 boys). Results of the linear mixed model analysis showed for teacher reporting on students’ outcomes a decrease in internalizing (β = -0.85, p = 0.035) and externalizing behavior problems for students in intervention classes (β = -6.84, p = 0.020). No significant changes were observed in social-emotional competencies, social inclusion and school well-being. ConclusionAfter the social-emotional intervention program reduced internalizing and externalizing behavior problems were observed, with age moderating both outcomes. The results are consistent with previous research; however, they also suggest that the intervention could benefit from adjustments, such as a longer implementation period and follow-up evaluation. External factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic and repeated school closures at the time of the study may have impacted the results additionally.

Pronunciation Challenges of Saudi Female EFL Learners: A Multidimensional Needs Analysis

Mastering English pronunciation poses persistent obstacles for Saudi learners pursuing higher education and careers reliant on strong oral skills. This mixed methods study explores female Saudi university students’ and vocational trainees’ self-reported experiences with pronunciation via questionnaires and interviews. Quantitative findings reveal ongoing segmental and suprasegmental difficulties, with consonant contrasts, vowel distinctions, and stress/rhythm issues most prevalent. Participants emphasize interconnected sociocultural variables influencing development, including class size, technology access, family support, teacher expertise, and learner confidence. Qualitative insights underscore pronunciation as a multifaceted process requiring aligned pedagogical responses. Recommendations center on specialized instructor training, personalized feedback techniques, targeted lessons, and technology integration. By capturing diverse learner perspectives, this research contributes an inclusive examination of needs to advance responsive policies and practices that optimize Saudi females’ pronunciation attainment. Findings affirm pronunciation as a complex yet critical developmental process necessitating comprehensive support structures.