Schema theory is a linguistic theory that emphasizes the role of knowledge structures in people's understanding and production of language. In the field of international trade of tea and herbal medicine of China, the quality of business English translation is crucial to the communication and cooperation between the trading parties. Due to language and cultural differences, there are often problems of comprehension bias and inaccurate information in business English translation. The use of schema theory can help better understand and deal with the differences between the source language and the target language, so as to improve the accuracy and adaptability of translation. This paper analyzes the characteristics of business English translation mainly targeting Chinese herbal medicine and tea, studies the role of schema theory in business English translation, and shows the application of schema theory in business English translation of Chinese herbal medicine and tea through specific cases, and this study has certain guiding significance for the practice of business English translation related to tea and Chinese herbal medicine in China.