TBARS Levels Research Articles

Acute Chikungunya Infection Induces Vascular Dysfunction by Directly Disrupting Redox Signaling in Endothelial Cells

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection is characterized by febrile illness, severe joint pain, myalgia, and cardiovascular complications. Given that CHIKV stimulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, events that disrupt vascular homeostasis, we hypothesized that CHIKV induces arterial dysfunction by directly impacting redox-related mechanisms in vascular cells. Wild-type (WT) and iNOS knockout (iNOS−/−) mice were administered either CHIKV (1.0 × 106 PFU/µL) or Mock vehicle via the intracaudal route. In vivo, CHIKV infection induced vascular dysfunction (assessed by a wire myograph), decreased systolic blood pressure (tail-cuff plethysmography), increased IL-6 and IFN-γ, but not TNF-α levels (determined by ELISA), and increased protein content by Western blot. Marked contractile hyporesponsiveness to phenylephrine was observed 48 h post-infection, which was restored by endothelium removal. L-NAME, 1400W, Tiron, and iNOS gene deletion prevented phenylephrine hyporesponsiveness. CHIKV infection increased vascular nitrite concentration (Griess reaction) and superoxide anion (O2•−) generation (lucigenin chemiluminescence), and decreased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, by Amplex Red) levels 48 h post-infection, alongside increased TBARS levels. In vitro, CHIKV infected endothelial cells (EA.hy926) and upregulated ICAM-1 and iNOS protein expression (determined by Western blot). These data support the conclusion that CHIKV-induced alterations in vascular ROS/NF-kB/iNOS/NO signaling potentially contribute to cardiovascular events associated with Chikungunya infection.

Effects of nickel, lead, and copper stress on the growth and biochemical responses of Aegilops tauschii seedlings

Heavy metal pollution causes severe abiotic stress in cereal crops around the world. This study investigated the effects of different concentrations (0, 100, 200, and 300 mg·kg–1) of nickel, lead, and copper stress on the growth and biochemical responses of Aegilops tauschii seedlings, to provide a reference for research on the mechanism of invasion and screening potential sources of wheat tolerance genes. The results showed that nickel, lead, and copper stress caused a significant decrease in the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and chlorophyll (a + b) in A. tauschii, thereby inhibiting photosynthesis to different degrees and hindering seedling growth, which was reflected in significant reductions in plant height and root length, with the most notable effect observed under stress by 300 mg·kg–1 lead. As the concentration of heavy metals increased, the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, and APX), non-enzymatic antioxidants (GSH and AsA), and the contents of osmotic regulatory substances (proline and soluble proteins) in A. tauschii significantly increased. Additionally, heavy metal stress increased H2O2 and TBARS levels. However, when the nickel, lead, and copper concentrations reached 300 mg·kg–1, no significant differences were found in H2O2 or TBARS levels compared to those in the CK group. To summarize, A. tauschii can mitigate the accumulation of ROS and membrane lipid peroxidation caused by heavy metal stress through self-regulation, thus exhibiting a certain degree of tolerance to stress caused by different concentrations of nickel, lead, and copper. Finally, the evaluation using the membership function method revealed that among the three heavy metals, A. tauschii exhibited the strongest adaptation to Cu, followed by Ni and Pb.

Effect of Dietary Digestible Protein Levels on Muscle Growth and Oxidative Stress in Amazonian Pintado (Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum × Leiarius marmoratus).

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary digestible protein levels on the growth dynamics and oxidative stress status of white muscle fibers in Amazonian Pintado (Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum × Leiarius marmoratus). Four hundred and fifty-five juveniles of Amazonian Pintado were fed diets containing varying digestible protein levels (225, 250, 275, 300, 325, 350, or 375 g kg-1) for 75 days. At the end of the experiment, the fish were fasted for 24 h, anesthetized, and euthanized to obtain muscle samples. The linear and quadratic effects of dietary digestible protein levels on white muscle fiber diameter, metabolite concentrations, and oxidative stress were assessed. The results revealed that increasing dietary digestible protein levels linearly raised the concentrations of free amino acids and total proteins in muscle tissue but also led to elevated levels of TBARS, indicating increased oxidative stress. Notably, the average area of muscle fibers with a cell area greater than 1133 µm2 decreased, reflecting restricted muscle hypertrophy, whereas glycogen and glucose levels also declined. These findings suggest that although high dietary digestible protein enhances protein and free amino acid concentrations in muscle tissue, it may compromise muscle hypertrophy and increase oxidative damage in Amazonian Pintado, underscoring the complexity of optimizing diet formulation.

Evaluating Antioxidant Enzyme Parameters in Rats Treated with Berberine-Loaded Bovine Serum Albumin Nanoparticles and Scopolamine

Abstract Introduction/Objective Introduction: Berberine (BER) has garnered attention for its antioxidant properties demonstrated in various studies, showing its ability to scavenge or inhibit reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), including nitric oxide, superoxide anion, and peroxynitrites. Methods/Case Report Methods: Forty-two male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to seven groups, each comprising 6 rats: Sham control (no treatment), BSA-NPs orally administered, BRB-NPs orally administered, SCO intraperitoneally injected, BER followed by SCO injection, BSA-NPs with SCO injection, and BER-NPs with SCO injection. Treatments were administered daily for 28 days. The cholinergic status was evaluated by assessing acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in brain homogenates, and brain homogenate Aβ-42 levels were measured using the ELISA technique. Additionally, brain prooxidant markers (NO, TBARS, XO), nonenzymatic antioxidants (GSH), and enzymatic antioxidants (GPx, GST, and SOD) were measured. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) Results: The study revealed that treatment with BRB NPs resulted in the lowest AChE activity and Aβ-42 levels. Scopolamine administration significantly increased brain NO, TBARS, and XO activity, accompanied by a progressive depletion in GSH content (p<0.05). Treatment with BRB-free or BSA decreased NO levels, while the BSA or BRB-NPs groups exhibited higher brain TBARS levels than the sham group. All treated groups exhibited similar activity to the sham control, except for the BSA-treated group. Furthermore, all treated groups showed comparable GSH levels to the sham control, except for the scopolamine group. Treatment with BRB NPs normalized GPx activity and showed the highest GST activity. The BRB-NPs treated group also exhibited the highest SOD level. The p-value was <0.001 among all studied groups. Conclusion Conclusion: Injection of SCO induced oxidative impairments in brain tissue, evidenced by increased prooxidants such as NO and depletion of antioxidant capacity (GPx, GST, and GSH). SCO also disrupted glutathione metabolism, enhancing the level of lipid peroxidation in the brain. Treatment with BRB-NPs or free BRB progressively increased antioxidant capacity and mitigated the harmful effects of oxidative damage in the brain by reducing prooxidant levels.

Adding red propolis to the diet of Lacaune lambs: Effects on animal health, ruminal environment, performance, and meat quality

This study determined the influence of red propolis ethanolic extract in lambs' diets on the ruminal environment, animal health, and growth. Two experiments were carried out to achieve these objectives. Pilot study: Twenty-four female Lacaune lambs were divided into four groups, with three replicates and two animals per replicate (pen): T0 (Control), TP1.3, TP2.7, and TP5.3, representing 0, 1.3, 2.7, and 5.3 mL of propolis extract per animal/day, respectively. The highest daily weight gain was observed in lambs that consumed 2.7 mL of propolis extract per day, and they also had the lowest feed conversion rate compared to the control. Lower total leukocyte counts were observed in lambs that consumed propolis extract compared to control due to lower granulocyte and lymphocyte counts. Ceruloplasmin and C-reactive protein levels were lower in the serum of lambs that consumed propolis compared to the control. Lambs that consumed 1.3 and 2.7 mL of propolis extract had lower TBARS levels than the control. The effect of treatment was observed for ruminal pH, which was higher in lambs that consumed propolis extract than in control. A lower concentration of short-chain fatty acids was observed in lambs that consumed propolis than the control due to lower concentrations of acetic and butyric acid. In experiment II, 36 male Lacaune lambs were selected and divided into two groups: MONENSIN (23.45 ppm of monensin per kg/dry matter (DM)) and PROPOLIS (3.8 mL of propolis per animal/day). The animals that consumed propolis extract had greater body weight, weight gain, and average daily gain. These also had a shorter time to reduce methylene blue, thus demonstrating more significant bacterial activity in the rumen. Furthermore, they had lower counts of Escherichia coli, total coliforms, and Enterobacteria. The meat's fatty acid profile in animals fed the red propolis extract showed higher concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids. In conclusion, adding red propolis extract to the concentrate increased weight gain, average daily gain, and oxidative balance with an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effect.

Bezafibrate mitigates cardiac injury against coronary microembolization by preventing activation of p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling.

Coronary microembolization (CME)-induced inflammatory response and cardiomyocyte apoptosis are the main contributors to CME-associated myocardial dysfunction. Bezafibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) agonist, has displayed various benefits in different types of diseases. However, it is unknown whether Bezafibrate possesses a protective effect in myocardial dysfunction against CME. In this study, we aimed to investigate the pharmacological function of Bezafibrate in CME-induced insults in myocardial injury and progressive cardiac dysfunction and explore the underlying mechanism. A CME model was established in rats, and cardiac function was detected. The levels of injury biomarkers in serum including CK-MB, AST, and LDH were determined using commercial kits, and pro-inflammatory mediators including TNF-α and IL-6 were detected using ELISA kits. Our results indicate that Bezafibrate improved cardiac function after CME induction. Bezafibrate reduced the release of myocardial injury indicators such as CK-MB, AST, and LDH in CME rats. We also found that Bezafibrate ameliorated oxidative stress by increasing the levels of the antioxidant GPx and the activity of SOD and reducing the levels of TBARS and the activity of NOX. Bezafibrate inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6. Importantly, Bezafibrate was found to mitigate CME-induced myocardial apoptosis by increasing the expression of Bcl-2 and reducing the levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3. Mechanistically, Bezafibrate could prevent the activation of p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling. These findings suggest that Bezafibrate may be a candidate therapeutic agent for cardioprotection against CME in clinical applications.

Toxic Effects of Imidacloprid, Copper Sulfate, and Their Combinations on Biomolecular and Oxidative/Antioxidant Biomarkers in the Tissues of Oreochromis niloticus.

The wide-ranging use of heavy metals and pesticides worldwide and their irreversible accumulation in aquatic ecosystems is a major concern. As the range of household and agricultural chemicals increases, water pollution is trending from the toxic effects of a single agent to complex agent pollution that threatens aquatic ecosystems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pesticides (imidacloprid, IMI) and metals (copper sulfate, CuSO4) on oxidative stress biomarkers, antioxidant enzymes, and biomolecular parameters. The present study on the individual and combined effects of Oreochromis niloticus copper sulfate (CuSO4; 1ppm), imidacloprid (IMI; 10 and 50ppm), and IMI + CuSO4 (IMI10 + CuSO4, IMI50 + CuSO4) groups for 14days. In this context, oxidative stress/antioxidant markers (SOD, CAT, GST, and GSH) and biomolecular markers including HSP70, 8-OHdG, PC, and TBARS levels were examined in fish liver and kidney tissues, which are detoxification organs. The results indicated that IMI and CuSO4 toxicity alone and in combination altered oxidative stress/antioxidant markers and biomolecular parameters; moreover, 14days of exposure to the combination of CuSO4 and imidacloprid in particular exhibited a synergistic effect and caused oxidative toxicity. These findings highlighted the importance of evaluating mixtures of pesticides and metals and that the results show a remarkably synergistic effect. It can be concluded that these biomarkers are important indicators of physiological changes in living organisms.

In Vivo Evaluation of The Hepatotoxic Disorders of Tributyltin Low Doses in Male Rats

Tributyltin (TBT) has been used widely for over 60 years as a pesticidal, preservation, rodent repellent, water-repellant coating, corrosion inhibitor, flame-resistant polyester, and household product. Previous research has demonstrated the toxicity of high doses of TBT, but there is insufficient data on the effects of relevant levels of TBT on at low doses. The main goal of this thesis is to recognize the hepatotoxicity of Sublethal doses of TBT chloride (10-2000 µg/Kg body weight) in male rats for 45 days. TBT induced hepatic induction of oxidative stress as indicated by increasing levels of TBARS and 8-OHdG, induction of hepatic inflammation as indicated by the elevated NF-B levels; inhibition of hepatic expression of PGC-1α and impairment of mitochondrial biogenesis, induction of SREBP-1c and induce hepatic lipogenesis and fatty liver, and distortion of hepatic structure at histological level in a dose-dependent manner significantly at doses higher than 250 µg/kg. In conclusion: the TBT at low doses can induce hepatotoxicity at different levels.

Determination of the Short-Term Drought Stress Tolerance of Three Barley Varieties Using Physiological and Biochemical Changes

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is an important agricultural plant that can adapt to stress conditions. Abiotic stress factors significantly reduce growth, photosynthetic efficiency and metabolic processes in barley. Drought stress increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant cells, and the antioxidant defense system reduces damage caused by overproduction of ROS. The aim of this study was to determine the physiological and biochemical effects of short-term drought stress on some barley cultivars (Kalaycı-97, Harman and Yaprak) grown in Turkey. In 21-day-old seedlings, short-term drought stress decreased the total chlorophyll content. The amount of total protein reduced in the Harman variety, while it increased by 19% in Kalaycı-97 and 27% in Yaprak. The H2O2 content decreased in Yaprak while increasing by 76% in the Kalaycı-97 variety. It was demonstrated that TBARS levels increased by 62% in Kalaycı-97 and 26% in Yaprak. In other ways, while drought stress caused a 48% decrease in APX activity in Kalaycı-97, it caused a 42% and 20% increase in APX activity in Harman and Yaprak, respectively. However, in Kalaycı-97 and Yaprak, CAT increased by 48% and 69%, respectively. These results indicate that Yaprak genotype is tolerant, Kalaycı-97 sensitive and Harman moderately tolerant to short term drought stress.

Effects of uric acid on oxidative stress in vascular smooth muscle cells.

Hyperuricemia during hypertension is associated with aberrant vascular functions and increased oxidative stress, which affects endothelial dysfunction. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of uric acid on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) through oxidative stress remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the dose- and time-dependent effects of uric acid on oxidative stress and p53 protein expression in VSMCs. VSMCs were incubated with various concentrations of uric acid (0-50 mg/dl) for different time periods (1-24 h). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs), protein carbonylation and nitric oxide (NO) levels were determined using appropriate assay kits. Superoxide anion release was detected using the Görlach method. Western blotting was performed to determine the protein expression levels of p53. The findings demonstrated that the application of uric acid led to an increase in protein carbonylation and superoxide anion levels while causing a decrease in NO levels. Conversely, no significant effect was observed on TBARS levels. Additionally, it was observed that high concentrations of uric acid suppressed p53 expression at 6, 12 and 24 h. The present study provided evidence that the influence of uric acid on oxidative stress was more closely associated with time than dose; however, not all effects observed were strictly time-dependent.

Ameliorative extract Syzygium cumini seed extract on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity in alloxan induced diabetic Wistar albino rats

Aim: This study intends to examine the protective effects of an aqueous extract of Syzygium cumini seed on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar albino rats. Methodology: A single intraperitoneal injection of 150 mg kg-1 b.wt of alloxan monohydrate was used to induce diabetes in rats. Syzygium cumini group rats were later administered 300 mg kg-1 of Syzygium cumini seed extract by oral gavage for 21 days. On 22nd day, the animals were given general anaesthesia, blood was drawn through the retroorbital plexus, and the kidneys were promptly removed. Lipid peroxidation levels were assessed in the blood (serum) and kidney tissues by measuring the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as GST, GPX, SOD and CAT were examined in the blood and kidneys. Results: The acute toxicity experiments revealed that Syzygium cumini did not cause any obvious toxicity indications or mortality at a dosage of 300 mg kg-1, proving the safety of this extract with a broad therapeutic index. The results obtained showed that using aqueous Syzygium cumini seed extract for 21 days considerably (P <0.05) increased the antioxidant enzyme activity for GST, GPx, SOD and CAT, while significantly (P <0.01) decreasing the TBARS levels. Interpretation: Conclusively, the seed extract of Syzygium cumini might be a possible treatment for controlling hyperglycemic oxidative stress complications owing to its antioxidant properties. Key words: Albino rats, Antioxidant enzymes, Lipid peroxidation, Syzygium cumini, Seed extract

Ameliorative Role of Vitamin C against Cypermethrin Induced Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage in Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) Using Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis.

The present study was undertaken to evaluate cypermethrin (CYP)-induced oxidative stress [reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in gills, muscles, brain, and liver tissues] and DNA damage/genotoxicity (peripheral blood erythrocytes) in a freshwater teleost rohu (Labeo rohita) and the protective role of vitamin C. The LC50 of CYP against rohu was found to be 4.5 µg/L in a semi-static culture system through probit analysis. Fingerlings of rohu were distributed into four groups (Group 1st served as a control, fed 35% protein basal diet and was not exposed to CYP; Group 2nd was fed a basal diet and exposed to CYP; Group 3rd and Group 4th were fed diets supplemented with vitamin C at the rate of 100 and 200 mg/kg diet, respectively, and exposed to CYP). Fingerlings were reared on a basal and vitamin C-supplemented diet for 28 days prior to exposure to CYP. The results indicate a time-dependent significant increase in ROS and LPO (indicated by time course increase in TBARS level) as well as DNA damage in terms of number of comets, % DNA in tail, tail moment, tail length, and olive tail moment after exposure to LC50 of CYP. However, statistically comparable results in both Groups 1st and 4th indicate the protective role of vitamin C. The results reveal the effectiveness of vitamin C as a feed additive for countering pesticides toxicity in Labeo rohita. The current study indicates CYP as a potential genotoxicant for fish and classifies SCGE as a reliable and sensitive tool for assessing DNA damage.

Acute effect of gold nanoparticles on neuropathic pain in a model of regional complex pain syndrome

We evaluated the effects of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) administered in the acute phase of an animal model of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I (CRPS-I). Oxidative stress parameters [substances reactive to thiobarbituric acid (TBA-RS), total sulfhydryl content (SH), protein carbonyl content and the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)] and pain, through mechanical and thermal allodynia, were evaluated in the blood and sciatic nerves of mice. Animals were anesthetized and an elastic tourniquet was used around the left hind paw for 120 minutes, followed by measurements of the mechanical threshold and thermal. Animals received intraperitoneal administrations of AuNPs at concentrations of 2.5 mg/L, 7.0 mg/L and 22.0 mg/L, Ankyrin Transient Potential Receptor 1 (TRPA1) antagonist (HC030031) or saline vehicle after induction of CRPS-I. AuNPs showed significant results in thermal and mechanical anti-allodynic effects on day 1 (2.5 mg/L), days 2 and 3 (7.0 and 22.0 mg/L). The TRPA1 reduced mechanical allodynia (days 1 and 2) and thermal allodynia (days 1, 2 and 3), in addition to reversing the changes caused by CRPS-I in oxidative stress. The CRPS-I model increased TBA-RS, reduced the total sulfhydryl content and increased CAT activity. The results showed that, at all concentrations, AuNPs reversed the increase in CAT. At 7.0 mg/L partially reversed and at 22.0 mg/L completely reversed the increase in TBA-RS levels and at 22.0 mg/L reversed the reduction in sulfhydryl content.

Effects of Brassica Rapa on Dyslipidaemia and Oxidative Damage in Rats Consuming a Hyperlipidic Diet

This research investigated the influence of a hyperlipidic diet in Wistar rats and the therapeutic effect of Brassica rapa powder (BrP). A hyperlipidic diet was administered followed by oral supplementation of BrP (5%) for 28 days. The BrP supplementation caused a decrease in weight (- 41%), glycaemia (-12%), creatinemia (-51%), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level (-80%), and cholesterolaemia (-25%) associated with an increase in HDLc level (+59%). However, the hepatic lipid profile showed a decrease in phospholipids (PL) (-59%) and total cholesterol (TC) (-67%). In addition, oxidative stress assessment showed a decrease in the serum (-22%), renal (-30%) and adipose (-8%) levels of TBARS. Furthermore, BrP supplementation boosted glutathione (GSH) protective activity in adipose tissue with a maximum of +49%. In conclusion, Brassica rapa enhances the serum and tissue balance of metabolic and antioxidant status. KEYWORDS Antioxidant, biomarkers, fat, in vivo, redox status, turnip

Anti-Platelet Activity of Sea Buckthorn Seeds and Its Relationship with Thermal Processing.

Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is a tree or shrub with small, orange berries. Sea buckthorn seeds have shown many properties beneficial to human health, including antioxidant, anti-hypertensive, anti-hyperlipidemic, and retinoprotective activities. Seeds, as a component of food, are often exposed to high temperatures, which can increase or decrease their biological activity. In our previous study, we showed that both raw and roasted sea buckthorn seeds had significant antioxidant activity, which was measured in human plasma in vitro. In this paper, we evaluated the effect of extracts from raw and roasted sea buckthorn seeds on several parameters of hemostasis in vitro, including thrombus formation in full blood (measured by the Total Thrombus formation Analysis System-T-TAS), blood platelet activation (based on the exposition of P-selectin, the active form of GPIIb/IIIa on their surface and platelet-derived microparticles formation), aggregation (measured with impedance aggregometry), adhesion to fibrinogen and collagen, arachidonic acid metabolism in washed platelets stimulated by thrombin, and COX-1 activity. We also measured the levels of free 8-isoprostane in plasma and the total non-enzymatic antioxidant status of plasma. The extract from roasted seeds (50 µg/mL) significantly prolonged the time of occlusion measured by T-TAS-the AUC10 (area under the curve) value was decreased by approximately 18%. Both extracts decreased the exposition of the active form of GPIIb/IIIa on the surface of platelets activated with 10 μM ADP (by 38.4-62.2%) and 20 μM ADP (by 39.7-51.3%). Moreover, the extract from raw seeds decreased the exposition of P-selectin on the surface of platelets stimulated with 20 μM ADP (by 31.2-34.9%). The adhesion of thrombin-stimulated platelets to fibrinogen and collagen was inhibited only by the extract from roasted sea buckthorn seeds (by 20-30%). Moreover, the extract from raw seeds inhibited the level of TBARS (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, an indicator of enzymatic peroxidation of arachidonic acid) in washed platelets stimulated with thrombin; the activity of COX-1 was inhibited by both extracts, although the effect of the extract from raw seeds was stronger. These results indicate that sea buckthorn seeds have anti-platelet activity that is not decreased by thermal processing, but more research is needed to determine which exact chemical compounds and mechanisms are responsible for this phenomenon.

Utilizing the pH-Shift Method for Isolation and Nutritional Characterization of Mantis Shrimp (Oratosquilla nepa) Protein: A Strategy for Developing Value-Added Ingredients.

This study focused on the production of protein isolates from mantis shrimp (MS). The pH-shift method was investigated to understand its impact on the protein yield, quality, and properties of the produced isolates. The first step was determining how the pH affected the protein solubility profile, zeta potential, and brown discoloration. The pH-shift process was then established based on the maximum and minimum protein solubilization. The solubilization pH had a significant impact on the mass yield and color of the produced protein, with a pH of 1.0 producing the maximum mass in the acidic region, whereas a maximum was found at a pH of 12.0 in the alkaline region (p < 0.05). Both approaches yielded mantis shrimp protein isolates (MPIs) with precipitation at a pH of 4.0 and a mass yield of around 25% (dw). The TCA-soluble peptide and TBARS levels were significantly lower in the MPI samples compared to MS raw material (p < 0.05). The MPIs maintained essential amino acid index (EAAI) values greater than 90%, indicating a high protein quality, and the pH-shift procedure had no negative impact on the protein quality, as indicated by comparable EAAI values between the mantis shrimp protein isolate extract acid (MPI-Ac), mantis shrimp protein isolate extract alkaline (MPI-Al), and MS raw material. Overall, the pH-shift approach effectively produced protein isolates with favorable quality and nutritional attributes.

Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammation, and Melanogenesis Inhibition of Sang 5 CMU Rice (Oryza sativa) Byproduct for Cosmetic Applications.

Prolonged exposure to environmental oxidative stress can result in visible signs of skin aging such as wrinkles, hyperpigmentation, and thinning of the skin. Oryza sativa variety Sang 5 CMU, an inbred rice cultivar from northern Thailand, contains phenolic and flavonoid compounds in its bran and husk portions that are known for their natural antioxidant properties. In this study, we evaluated the cosmetic properties of crude extracts from rice bran and husk of Sang 5 CMU, focusing on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-melanogenesis, and collagen-regulating properties. Our findings suggest that both extracts possess antioxidant potential against DPPH, ABTS radicals, and metal ions. Additionally, they could downregulate TBARS levels from 125% to 100% of the control, approximately, while increasing the expression of genes related to the NRF2-mediated antioxidant pathway, such as NRF2 and HO-1, in H2O2-induced human fibroblast cells. Notably, rice bran and husk extracts could increase mRNA levels of HO-1 more greatly than the standard L-ascorbic acid, by about 1.29 and 1.07 times, respectively. Furthermore, the crude extracts exhibited anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing nitric oxide production in both mouse macrophage and human fibroblast cells. Specifically, the bran and husk extracts inhibited the gene expression of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in LPS-induced inflammation in fibroblasts. Moreover, both extracts demonstrated potential for inhibiting melanin production and intracellular tyrosinase activity in human melanoma cells by decreasing the expression of the transcription factor MITF and the pigmentary genes TYR, TRP-1, and DCT. They also exhibit collagen-stimulating effects by reducing MMP-2 expression in H2O2-induced fibroblasts from 135% to 80% of the control, approximately, and increasing the gene associated with type I collagen production, COL1A1. Overall, the rice bran and husk extracts of Sang 5 CMU showed promise as effective natural ingredients for cosmetic applications.

Evidence of oxidative stress responses of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) to differential habitat conditions in the Mexican Caribbean

Important foraging and nesting habitats for Caribbean green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) exist within the Mesoamerican Reef System in the Mexican Caribbean. During the last 25 years, urban development and touristic activities have drastically increased in Quintana Roo, Mexico. Moreover, in the last decade, massive pelagic sargasso blooms have also afflicted this region; however, information about the biochemical responses of Caribbean green turtles to these inputs is absent. This study aimed to assess if the oxidative stress indicators in the red blood cells of green turtles are valuable biomarkers of the extent of the anthropic impact in this region. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were also measured in the plasma of free-living green turtles during 2015–2018 to characterize these habitats further. As biochemical biomarkers, the production rate of superoxide radical (O2•-), carbonylated protein content, and lipid peroxidation (TBARS) levels, and the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase, glutathione peroxidase were measured in erythrocytes. A 15 % occurrence of fibropapillomatosis (FP) was revealed, with tumor size being positively correlated with CAT activity in the affected individuals. A multivariate analysis embracing all oxidative stress markers discriminated green turtles between years of capture (p < 0.001), with those sampled during 2015 presenting the highest production of O2•- (p = 0.001), activities of GST (p < 0.001), levels of TBARS (p < 0.001) and carbonylated proteins (p = 0.02). These local and temporal biochemical responses coincided with the first massive Sargassum spp. bloom reported in the region. The results of this study corroborate the utility of the oxidative stress indicators as biomarkers of environmental conditions (sargasso blooms and POPs) in the green turtle as sentinel species.

Rosmanol Triggers Apoptosis Against MNNG-induced Gastric Carcinogenesis in Rats through Attenuation of the P13K/AKT/HMBG1 Signaling Pathway.

Gastric cancer (GC) is a frequent malignant neoplasm found in China. Despite numerous therapeutic methodologies to ameliorate the well-being of GC patients, their efficiency remains inadequate. Rosmanol (RML) is a phenolic diterpene compound with antioxidant and anticancer activities. In the current research, the apoptotic efficacy of RML on methylnitronitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced GC model was determined. The rats were allocated into four sets, viz., normal control, MNNG (200 mg/kg bw) + NaCl, MNNG + RML (20 mg/kg), and RML (20 mg/kg) orally treated for 20 weeks. The results exposed that GC rats revealed higher (P<0.05) levels of TBARS and reduced antioxidant status in the stomach and liver tissues counter to other groups. In contrast, the TBARS level was substantially alleviated (P<0.05) and restored the antioxidant status in RMLadministered rats. Histopathologic assessment of gastric tissue unveiled that an MNNG-induced group presented squamous cell carcinoma with keratin pearls. The administration of RML reduced GC incidence, and only mild dysplasia was observed. Further, RML alleviated Bcl-2, P13K, AKT, and HMGB1, as evidenced by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Furthermore, RML triggered caspase-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis through the inactivation of the PI3K/AKT/HMGB1 pathway, eventually leading to GC cell death. This highlights that RML may be a potential natural antioxidant employed as a chemoprotective agent in GC rats.

Neuroprotective Effect of Chlorogenic Acid in an Animal Model of Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease Induced by Streptozotocin.

Alzheimer's Disease is a degenerative neurological condition which leads to a decline in memory and cognitive function. Chlorogenic Acid (CGA) presents properties including neuroprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of CGA on cognitive impairments, neuroinflammation and neuronal damage in mice submitted to an experimental model of Sporadic Alzheimer Disease (SAD) induced by intracerebroventricular administration of streptozotocin (ICV-STZ). Male Swiss mice received bilateral ICV-STZ injections (3mg/Kg) on days 1 and 3. The treatment with CGA (5mg/Kg, orally) or vehicle (water, orally), was initiated and continued for 26days, starting 2h after the second induction procedure. At first, there was no change in serum glucose levels after SAD induction. ICV-STZ induces impairments in aversive, recognition, and spatial memory, while CGA treatment significantly alleviated these memory deficits. Furthermore, locomotor activity, working memory, and anxiety-related activities remained unaffected by the treatments. CGA treatment protects against ICV-STZ-induced increase in the nitrite/nitrate and TBARS levels. ICV-STZ induced a reduction in viable cells, depletion of BDNF, and triggered astrogliosis and microgliosis in the cortex and hippocampus. Treatment with CGA preserves viable cell count in the prefrontal cortex, CA1, and CA3 regions of the hippocampus. Additionally, it prevented BDNF depletion in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus (CA1, CA3, and DG regions), and mitigated astrogliosis and microgliosis in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus (CA1, CA3, and DG regions). These findings indicate the neuroprotective effects of CGA, underscoring their potential as therapeutic agents or adjuncts in the treatment of SAD.