Tax Advice Research Articles

Swiss estates and (offshore) trusts: information gathering—recent Swiss case law

Abstract Trustees, foundations, banks, asset managers or tax advisors are often confronted with information requests from heirs of a Swiss estate. In this article, the author provides an overview of the heirs’ rights to information under Swiss contract law and Swiss succession law. She then focuses on a recent decision of the Swiss Federal Supreme Court (case 5A_30/2020), which addresses a claim for information by an executor against a financial institution in possession of trust information. The Swiss Supreme Court clarified in this decision on which basis an heir or an executor of a Swiss estate may lodge an information claim against a Swiss bank with regard to trust accounts or similar financial institutions holding financial information, of which the deceased was not the legal owner but only the beneficial owner.

Comparison of Compulsory Liability Insurance of Tax Advisors in Poland to the Czech Counterpart

Abstract This paper aims to assess the adequacy of obligatory tax advisors’ insurance to meet their needs in Poland and Czechia using the comparative-legal method. It is crucial, due to the need to protect the weaker party in a transaction and provide certainty in trading. The comparison is made between legislation concerning compulsory liability insurance for tax advisors and the general contracts negotiated by professional self-governing bodies. The Polish product is characterised by mandatory coverage and private initiative. Like other compulsory insurance, this product is more accessory than voluntary insurance because the insurer also provides protection in case of damage caused by gross negligence. In that insurance, there are no limitations of a financial nature (deductible, integral, and deductible franchise) on the liability of insurance companies. Consequently, the insurance company’s liability is even more similar to the insured’s. The reduction of accessoriality occurs only in regulated exclusions. The Czech legislator has only imposed the obligation to have this insurance without handling its details. The General Insurance Conditions regulate the remaining matter. The analysis indicated that the Polish regulations provide more complete protection. However, they require some modernisation—an increase in the sum assured (10,000 EUR is too low) or how it is calculated. Reasults show faults in existing Polish regulations and indicate ways to improve them.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ АВТОМАТИЗАЦІЇ РОЗРАХУНКІВ ЗАРОБІТНОЇ ПЛАТИ ТА СОЦІАЛЬНИХ ВИПЛАТ НА ПІДПРИЄМСТВІ ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНОЇ СФЕРИ

The energy sector in Ukraine plays a strategic role in ensuring the country's energy security and supporting sustainable economic growth. Changes in this sector can have an impact on the lives of citizens and the economic sustainability of the country as a whole. In large energy companies, a separate service centre is responsible for payroll and payment processing, tax advice, IT and automation advice, and other services. It provides services to the corporate centre, operating companies and production enterprises within the holding. Therefore, the issue of automating payroll and social benefits is relevant for enterprises with a large number of separate divisions. In addition to the mandatory accruals and payments, energy companies may have special types of tangible and intangible remuneration, such as a grading system of remuneration, bonuses for innovation, social packages, etc., which should be reflected in the automated payroll and social benefits system. The article discusses two approaches to the automation of payroll and social benefits calculations using corporate systems SAP Payroll, SAP HCM, SAP ERP in combination with Microsoft Power BI, robotic business process automation tools and Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) macros. Automating payroll with SAP HCM and SAP ERP and using Visual Basic for Applications macros provides businesses with significant benefits, including increased efficiency and productivity; reduced risk of errors; improved data quality; and improved control and visibility. The combination of SAP ERP, robotic business process automation, and Microsoft Power BI analytics and visualisation tools allows for a visual assessment and analysis of deviations and errors in the available payroll data at energy companies. The proposed approaches were used to implement the payroll processing process, the sick leave management process, and the payroll verification process. The use of payroll and social benefits automation tools helps businesses identify any discrepancies in tax payments between different locations and cities. The visual map in Power BI gives an idea of changes in tax payments over time. Identifying inconsistencies in tax obligations helps energy companies correct errors, improve processes, and avoid financial risks.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ АНТИКРИЗИСНОГО МЕНЕДЖМЕНТА В МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЙ ПРАКТИКЕ

The article discusses some fundamental mechanisms of crisis management: managing the insolvency and bankruptcy processes of international organizations. As an illustrative example, the Canadian experience as a successor system aimed at preserving the debtor organization and, if possible, restructuring the debt to restore the company’s solvency and financial stability. It characterizes the activities of the Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy (OSB) and trustee in bankruptcy (“trustees”). The Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (“BIA”) and the key officials’ responsibilities in the framework of crisis measures are analyzed. Differences are identified between the voluntary bankruptcy and forced bankruptcy. In the Canadian crisis management practice, insolvency is not identical to bankruptcy for both individuals and legal entities. Moreover, the very concept of “person” has an extended interpretation. The successor system involves the search for grounds for the bankruptcy exemptions, especially for individuals who do not cease to exist as legal entities. Therefore in the Canadian crisis management practice, the provision on mandatory financial and tax advice to individuals who have become bankrupt for the first time seems extremely interesting. Conclusions about the possibility of using some individual elements of the Canadian crisis management system in Russian practice are drawn.

Philosophy Tri Kaya Parisudha As Moderators The Effect of Love of Money And Self Efficacy on Ethical Behavior of Tax Consultant

The purpose of the study is to determine whether the philosophy of tri kaya parisudha, also known as Balinesse local wisdom, will be able to lessen the effect of love of money and strengthen self-efficacy on tax consultant's behavior. The study also aims to determine whether the relationship between love of money and self-efficacy and ethical behavior of tax consultant. The study was done in response to the phenomena of bribery cases that involved tax advisors, tax payers, and government tax officers, adding to the list of corruption cases in Indonesia. Samples for the research's data collection include registered tax consultants in Bali who were surveyed utilizing a questionnaire. The result show that self-efficacy and love of money have a positive significant impact on tax consultants' ethical behavior and a negative significant impact on each other. Tri Kaya Parisudha philosophy has the ability to strengthen self-efficacy and weaken the impact of love of money on tax consultants' ethical behavior.

IPOs and Corporate Tax Planning

Does going public affect the amount and type of corporate tax planning? Using a panel of U.S. corporate tax return data from 1994 to 2018, we show that IPO completion is associated with the implementation of multinational income shifting strategies central to the current international tax policy debate. Specifically, firms (i) expand their foreign tax haven presence, (ii) enter into cross-border agreements that accompany intangible asset transfers to foreign subsidiaries, and (iii) increase their level of foreign related-party payments around the time that they go public. The effects are strongest among firms that switch to more sophisticated tax advisors in the years preceding the IPO. In contrast, we observe little domestic tax planning because large stock option deductions, which increase as a consequence of the IPO, provide large domestic tax shields. The paper contributes to the nascent literature studying IPOs by documenting the types and timing of specific tax strategies that enable public firms to remain lightly taxed in the post-IPO period. Furthermore, the findings imply that U.S. tax policies targeted at early-stage innovative firms are critical for retaining domestically developed IP – and the income earned on such assets – for the U.S. tax base.

OUTSOURCING OF TAX SERVICES: THE CASE OF ROMANIA

Taxation is an important component of the business strategy and every person and company would like to pay lower taxes and still be compliant with the fiscal legislation. This paper investigates the outsourcing of tax services for natural persons, SMEs and large companies. We employed a qualitative approach using Core competences theory as theoretical framework, business environment from Romania as context and semi-structured interviews as research method. The interviews involved accounting firms and clients. The results indicated that in case of tax services outsourcing, external accountants and tax advisors help their clients to make the tax planning, improve their compliance and reduce the tax risks. Natural persons often outsource the tasks regarding taxation due to a lack of time and expertise. Outsourcing of tax services like outsourcing of accounting services is very common in small companies and smaller medium-sized enterprises for cost reduction reasons and their main interest is to comply with the fiscal law and lessen their tax burden. In larger medium-sized enterprises and large corporations the volume, variety and complexity of transactions are high and because of that so are the tax risks. In order to mitigate the tax risks, avoid fines and penalties, some of these companies resort also to external tax services such as verification or preparation of tax returns, tax reviews, ongoing support on fiscal issues, assistance and representation during fiscal inspections. International companies regardless of their size are more open to collaborate with external accountants and tax advisors. Due to recent introduction of SAF-T as declarative obligation, companies expect an increase in their tax compliance costs since they have to employ external support in a greater extent. Showing, the importance and the role of external accountants and tax advisors for persons and companies running businesses in Romania represents the main contribution of our study.

Factors affecting corporate income tax compliance costs of SMEs in Bosnia and Herzegovina

PurposeTo answer the following research questions: (1) What is the tax burden, on average, as a percentage of the generated revenues of companies in BiH? (2) Are there differences in the load level in relation to: (a) company size, (b) company location, (c) company age, (d) hiring of tax advisors and other external consultants on CIT issues and (e) company business activity.Design/methodology/approachIn order to answer the research questions asked, quantitative analysis of primary data purposefully collected for this research will be used. The empirical part of the paper relies on the collection of primary data through survey using the method of stratified random sampling from the population of SMEs enterprises registered in BiH focusing only on FBIH and the RS. Regression analysis (OLS model) was used to estimate results.FindingsAverage share of tax compliance costs in SME revenues is 8.3%. Tax compliance costs are regressive, dependent on company age, location and business activity as well as on whether companies hire external consultants.Research limitations/implicationsThe chosen research method is a telephone survey, with the aim of encouraging respondents to give answers to the questions asked, using experienced interviewers from the market research agency. However, the use of this method is not without limitations, and they refer to the time-limited duration of telephone interviews that require shorter questions, and pre-prepared answer options to make it easier for respondents to give answers. One of the challenges is the fact that most respondents do not want to talk to strangers over the phone and answer unknown numbers. This risk was especially pronounced because the topic of the research is related to CIT, so many respondents expressed doubts about the purpose of the question, refusing to provide accurate data. This risk was mitigated by asking questions to include certain scales in terms of income, number of employees and gross wages, to make respondents feel free to share this type of sensitive data with interviewers.Practical implicationsFirst, the analysis of this paper showed that specific, identified factors contribute to, or directly affect, the level of the tax compliance costs of corporate income tax in BiH. Second, there is currently no comprehensive analysis of the tax burden in BiH in the literature that would quantify the tax compliance costs, both at the BiH level and at the entity level. Based on the aforementioned, it is necessary to design a fiscal policy in such a way as to eliminate or, in cases where this is not possible, reduce the tax burden on the private sector in general. Based on the data collected in this research, fiscal policy should pay special attention to the tax treatment of start-ups, small and medium-sized enterprises and enterprises operating in services and other sectors by introducing tax incentives that will be of a general nature and that will be applicable to multiple activities and categories of enterprises, in order to eliminate the current negative effects of existing incentives aimed at predefined categories. Finally, it would be necessary to consider the possibility of closer and more extensive harmonization of entity tax laws, in accordance with international practices and accounting standards - in order to reduce the difference in burden primarily between entities, which would facilitate foreign investors and contribute to increased competitiveness in the domestic, regional and ultimately the global market. It would be desirable to use harmonization as a tool in support of promoting the competitiveness of the country in order to attract and maintain the level of foreign direct investment.Originality/valueThere is currently no comprehensive analysis of the tax burden in BiH in the literature that would quantify the tax compliance costs, both at the BiH level and at the entity level.

Is It Too Late? A Theology of Ecology

Is It Too Late? A Theology of Ecology

Commission

This overview highlights the Commission’s (i) plans to target aggressive structures involving third countries in tax advisers legislation; (ii) establishment of a subgroup against sanctioned Russians and Belarusians (iii) approval of the Finnish aid scheme to support companies impacted by Russia's invasion of Ukraine; (iv) approval of the Spanish aid scheme to support companies impacted by Russia's invasion of Ukraine; (v) approval of the Italian scheme to support affected workers' cooperatives; (vi) approval of the Italian scheme to support companies of certain regions; and (vii) approval of the Greek scheme supporting the livestock sector in the context of Russia's invasion of Ukraine.

TAX OPTIMIZATION AND FIRM VALUE: A STUDY OF SELECTED MANUFACTURING FIRMS LISTED IN NIGERIA

he importance of tax strategy as an influential factor on profitability which moderates and determines the long-term value of a firm is of paramount importance. The purpose of this research is to see how tax planning affect the value of manufacturing firms listed in Nigeria between (2011-2020). The relationship between the dependent and independent variables was determined using the expo facto design method and the multiple regression technique. Also, the Pearson Correlation analysis was used in the paper. Data for the study were extracted from the audited financial statements of the sampled companies for a 10-year period (2011-2020). The dependent variable (market value) was proxy by Tobin Q, while the independent variables were proxy by Effective tax rate (ETR), thin capitalisation and Capital intensity. The regression result shows an overall Adjusted R2 of 0.412 which signifies that the explanatory variables are able to explain variation in market value to the extent of 41.2% while the balance of 58% is attributable to factors outside the model. Market value proxy by Tobin Q was negatively and insignificantly affected by ETR (Beta=-0.75,P=0.364) while thin capitalization and capital intensity significantly affected market value . The study found that market value is affected by Investment in Tangible asset by consumer goods firm in Nigeria and recommends amongst others that financial and tax advisors should enlighten management on the quantum of asset to use and also regulate their leverage as much as possible within the threshold that reduces their weighted average cost of capital, making the overall cost benefit from debt to outweigh the cost.

SICAV in the Czech Republic – success story of continuing failure?

This paper explores the introduction of SICAV in Czech law, its development and the related difficulties including the tax perspective. Although this legal form helped to boost the collective investment sector in the Czech Republic, in particular for qualified investors’ funds, it is under constant threat of law amendments, which have a negative impact on further progress in the popularity of SICAVs as well as other forms of investment funds. SICAV, as a legal form governed by both private (corporate) and public (regulatory) law, presents a good example of how the two sets of partly autonomous rules may clash and cause undesirable effects. The paper highlights the main inefficiencies and discrepancies, which lead to interpretation difficulties and legal uncertainty. The hypothesis of this paper lies in investigating how local factors in one country, such as the influence of other pieces of legislation and tax environment, negatively impact solutions and models which are standardised and successfully deployed across the EU. It is argued that not only legal and regulatory aspects determine the popularity of investment funds, but a wider landscape, including the activities and approach of the supervisory authority and network of professionals (legal and tax advisors or auditors), plays a crucial role in capital markets development

Niepołączalność funkcji i mandatów w organach w prawniczych samorządach zawodowych

The article discusses the organisational issues of self-government organisations of the professions of public trust in Poland, in the context of the implementation of the principle of incompatibilitas , as a sine qua non condition for their proper functioning and due performance of the public tasks entrusted to them. The analysis covers the self-government organisations of advocates, attorneys-at-law, notaries, bailiffs, patent attorneys and tax advisers, taking into account their different structures and the legal basis (statutory law or bye-laws) for the prohibition on the one-handed holding of multiple functions or mandates in the bodies of these professional associations. The study found that the phenomenon of holding multiple functions in the self-government of attorneys-at-law constitutes a problem. The study outlines the cause of this situation and draws conclusions for the law as it should stand, which concern the introduction of a prohibition of accumulating functions to the optimum extent, in line with the solutions applied by the self-government of advocates. The aim of the article is not only to substantiate the necessity of these changes, but also to show how they should be made. This proposal can be implemented by amending the internal rules governing the self-government of attorneys-of-law, which should be treated as intra-corporate normative acts and only ultimately through legislative intervention.

DEVELOPMENT AND STRENGTHENING THE INSTITUTE OF TAX CONSULTANTS IN THE TAX SYSTEM OF UKRAINE

The purpose of this article is to formulate the main prerequisites and economic consequences of strengthening the institute of tax consultants in the tax system of Ukraine, to substantiate the importance of tax counseling as a separate profes-sion, as well as to determine the cross-functional role of tax consultants in inter-action with taxpayers, fiscal authorities and the government, according the world trends in tax consulting. Methodology. The research is based on the analysis of specialized scientific sources of international researchers and practitioners who have been studying the issues of tax consulting as a separate type of professional activity for the last 30 years. Based on the analysis, using general scientific meth-ods – analysis, synthesis, generalization, abstraction – the conclusions of the study were made, which can be interpolated into the Ukrainian business envi-ronment. Results of research showed the importance and role of tax advisers in modern tax systems. Based on the research, it is proved that tax advisers can perform different functions (acting in different roles) on the interaction between taxpayers, fiscal authorities and the government. They are qualified representa-tives for taxpayers in solving certain problems in the field of taxation, including in matters of tax planning and optimization of tax payments. At the same time, tax advisers are important as intermediaries, arbitrators, regulators in relations between taxpayers and the government, as well as they act as agents of fiscal bodies on tax compliance of taxpayers. The importance of tax counseling for dif-ferent subjects of the tax system is determined for: taxpayers, fiscal authorities and the government. Further research in the field of tax consulting is proposed to focus on the formulation of ethical principles of tax consultants, which, according to world practice, have a great importance in their activities. It is also proposed at the legislative level to consolidate the legal status and responsibility of tax ad-visers. This is proposed to be done by establishing the procedure for document-ing the consultations provided, establishing the legal responsibility of the con-sultant for poor-quality services, which is a separate important area of further research. Practical implications. In the article the necessity of development of tax consulting institute in Ukraine on the basis of implementation of relevant interna-tional standards and practices is substantiated. The functions (roles) of tax con-sultants in the tax system of the country and their interaction with taxpayers, fis-cal authorities and the government are defined. Value/originality. The corre-spondence between the world practice of tax consulting and the Ukrainian legal framework allowed to show serious gaps in local legislation and tax awareness of taxpayers, which should be corrected ASAP.

THE EXPANSION AND INTERNATIONALIZATION OF MANDATORY DISCLOSURE RULES

The Panama Papers, the Paradise Papers, and most recently the Pandora Papers have exposed the role of tax advisors, lawyers, financial institutions, and other intermediaries in enabling cross-border tax avoidance and evasion. In response, mandatory disclosure rules (MDRs), which require that intermediaries report their clients’ tax schemes, are becoming prominent tools in the international fight against tax avoidance and evasion. This Article analyzes the development of MDRs over the past four decades as a global phenomenon with three distinct phases beginning in the 1980s. The analysis reveals several trends: expansion in the types of schemes that are reportable, extension of reporting obligations to a great diversity of intermediaries, and increasing multilateralism in the effort to curb intermediary-enabled tax avoidance and evasion. This Article shows how developments in international tax policy have affected, and will likely continue to affect, the expansion and internationalization of MDRs.

Tax Lawyers, Tax Defiance, and the Ethics of Casual Conversation

Each profession entails a risk for a different kind of casual conversation its members must endure. Medical doctors probably endure casual conversations about pains and rashes, second guesses of primary care physicians, and disorganized thoughts about health care reform, prescription drugs, vitamin C, and chelation. Pastors, priests, and rabbis probably endure unbridled enthusiasm for ecumenical dialogue and experience. Lawyers listen to horror stories of divorce and custody battles, disorganized thoughts on tort reform, and, of course, lawyer jokes, most of which are not new, few of which are funny, and none of which are clever. Specialists within each profession suffer with specific conversations. The psychiatrist and the dermatologist risk different conversations, as do the tax lawyer and the criminal defense lawyer. The conversational risks of tax lawyers are fairly predictable. First are those conversations premised on confusing us with accountants, usually beginning with an inquiry as to our annual April 15th-related workload. Second are political conversations, usually about tax rates—especially those on capital gains, corporations, and estates. Some while back, the conversation was likely to begin with the wonders of the so-called flat tax, and no doubt the flat tax proposals will circle back again in our casual conversations. (Recently a medical doctor engaged me on the wonders of the flat tax, and given his conversation ensued during a medical procedure, I found myself more enamored with the proposal than ever before.) Perhaps the most common political tax topic at the moment is the income tax burden borne at the top and the income tax ease enjoyed on the bottom. The third common casual conversation topic for tax lawyers has to do with tax gimmicks and, especially, rumors of tax gimmicks. With this kind of conversation, tax lawyers are fairly skilled in conversational evasiveness, worrying about unintentionally forming an attorney-client relationship. Our fears related to this kind of conversant are not merely avoiding ethical issues or providing undeserved free legal advice but more so avoiding inviting him or her into a professional relationship. Clients interested in the latest tax gimmicks must be avoided, and those willing to chat-up strangers about tax advice are especially to be avoided.

A Proposal for Taking the Complexities Out of Taxing U.S. Retirement Distributions to Foreign Nationals

As the global mobility of workers increases, more and more foreign nationals participate in U.S. retirement plans and eventually receive payments from these plans. The current system for U.S. taxation of these payments is exceedingly complex and uncertain. An elderly recipient of these payments living outside the U.S. finds it difficult and expensive to obtain the tax advice necessary for filing an accurate nonresident Form 1040NR. As a result, many do not file the return, and few are likely to be contacted by the IRS. Whatever tax, if any, was withheld by the payer becomes by default the final tax, even though it is unlikely to correspond with the actual tax liability prescribed by Congress and the applicable U.S. treaty. Moreover, foreign recipients are often able to avoid disclosure of their payments to tax authorities in their home countries.We recommend a new system for taxing retirement payments to foreign nationals that would alleviate these serious administrative burdens. Under our proposal, Congress would establish two withholding rates for these distributions: a low rate of 15% for periodic distributions or minimum required distributions; and a 30 percent rate for other lump sum distributions, which are most conducive to avoiding home country tax and depleting retirement savings. The 30 percent withholding rate would also apply whenever a payee fails to provide documentation of his U.S. or foreign status. These rates would be, by design, the final U.S. tax liability for foreign nationals, who would generally have no need to file a nonresident Form 1040NR. In addition, the Treasury would provide more detailed guidance to payers regarding the types of distributions that qualify for treaty relief; and a recipient’s request for treaty relief would always trigger notification to the home country so as to permit it to collect its own tax. Our proposal would greatly reduce administrative burdens for the IRS, for payers and for payees, and would provide greater assurance that the tax prescribed by Congress and by our treaty partners is accurately collected.

Tymczasowy pełnomocnik szczególny w postępowaniu podatkowym

Przedmiot badań: Przedmiotem badań jest instytucja tymczasowego pełnomocnika szczególnego, ustanawianego w postępowaniu podatkowym na zasadach przewidzianych w art. 138l–138n Ordynacji podatkowej (w szczególności zakres i przesłanki jego umocowania, tryb wyznaczania oraz funkcjonowanie tymczasowych pełnomocników szczególnych, będących przedstawicielami zawodów zaufania publicznego w Polsce w latach 2017–2021).
 Cel badawczy: Celem badawczym jest ustalenie ratio legis instytucji tymczasowego pełnomocnika szczególnego oraz jego roli i „kompetencji” w postępowaniu podatkowym, jak również ocena funkcjonowania tej instytucji w Polsce w latach 2017–2021, z wykorzystaniem badań empirycznych.
 Metoda badawcza: W pracy wykorzystano co do zasady metodę teoretycznoprawną i dogmatycznoprawną (polegające na analizie uregulowań prawnych zawartych w Ordynacji podatkowej, a także komentarzy, monografii, artykułów oraz orzecznictwa sądów administracyjnych). Ponadto, dokonano interpretacji zgromadzonego materiału empirycznego, pozyskanego od organów samorządów zawodowych (doradców podatkowych, adwokatów oraz radców prawnych).
 Wyniki: Instytucję tymczasowego pełnomocnika szczególnego, pomimo zaledwie kilku lat funkcjonowania i tymczasowego charakteru, uznać należy za istotną i potrzebną, ponieważ stanowi ona gwarancję należytej reprezentacji osób nieobecnych, co jest przejawem zasady czynnego udziału strony w postępowaniu podatkowym. Liczba zawodowych tymczasowych pełnomocników szczególnych w latach 2017–2021 systematycznie rosła, co należy ocenić pozytywnie. Najliczniejszą grupę w tym zakresie stanowili w badanych latach radcy prawni. Można założyć, że zaobserwowana tendencja wzrostowa zostanie utrzymana.

Податкові консультації як метод вдосконалення управління податковими зобов’язаннями малих підприємств

Today, the majority of Ukrainian enterprises do not effectively manage their tax obligations. This state of affairs is mostly due to the lack of practical use-oriented tools and methods of organizing the management system of the tax component of the economic activity of the enterprise. This especially applies to the mechanism for managing tax liabilities of small enterprises. The purpose of the article is to analyze the theoretical and practical foundations of the functioning of the national institute of tax consulting as a method of improving the management of tax liabilities of small enterprises and to determine the vector of development of the tax consulting market in Ukraine. The peculiarities of the use of tools at each stage of the implementation of the concept of management of tax liabilities of the business entity, which make it possible to save money and increase the profits of the enterprise, have been studied. The main components of the concept of tax liability management are clarified. It has been proven that it is expedient to implement the management of tax obligations of small enterprises through the involvement of consulting firms, and the management of their financial flows through the creation of a single financial center that would allow attracting and distributing financial resources, managing costs, including the costs of fulfilling tax obligations. It was determined that one of the most common methods of obtaining tax advice in Ukraine today is the information and reference services and consultations of the State Tax Service of Ukraine. However, their availability and quality do not allow effective management of tax liabilities for small businesses. This makes it expedient for small businesses to use consulting services in the field of taxation. It has been proven that in Ukraine the development of the institute of tax consulting through consulting firms is just taking shape. Therefore, it is necessary to build an effective mechanism of tax consulting based on a thorough study of its theoretical and methodological foundations, relying on the positive experience of developed countries in this field under the conditions of its adaptation to national conditions.

Податкові консультації як метод вдосконалення управління податковими зобов’язаннями малих підприємств

Today, the majority of Ukrainian enterprises do not effectively manage their tax obligations. This state of affairs is mostly due to the lack of practical use-oriented tools and methods of organizing the management system of the tax component of the economic activity of the enterprise. This especially applies to the mechanism for managing tax liabilities of small enterprises. The purpose of the article is to analyze the theoretical and practical foundations of the functioning of the national institute of tax consulting as a method of improving the management of tax liabilities of small enterprises and to determine the vector of development of the tax consulting market in Ukraine. The peculiarities of the use of tools at each stage of the implementation of the concept of management of tax liabilities of the business entity, which make it possible to save money and increase the profits of the enterprise, have been studied. The main components of the concept of tax liability management are clarified. It has been proven that it is expedient to implement the management of tax obligations of small enterprises through the involvement of consulting firms, and the management of their financial flows through the creation of a single financial center that would allow attracting and distributing financial resources, managing costs, including the costs of fulfilling tax obligations. It was determined that one of the most common methods of obtaining tax advice in Ukraine today is the information and reference services and consultations of the State Tax Service of Ukraine. However, their availability and quality do not allow effective management of tax liabilities for small businesses. This makes it expedient for small businesses to use consulting services in the field of taxation. It has been proven that in Ukraine the development of the institute of tax consulting through consulting firms is just taking shape. Therefore, it is necessary to build an effective mechanism of tax consulting based on a thorough study of its theoretical and methodological foundations, relying on the positive experience of developed countries in this field under the conditions of its adaptation to national conditions.