Good Taste Research Articles

Transcriptomic analysis of long non-coding RNA and mRNA in pigeon squab pectoralis muscle development

ABSTRACT 1. As one of the most widespread poultry species in the world, pigeons have been bred primarily for meat production due to their high nutritional value and good taste. Their breast muscle is an important economic product as it determines the yield and quality of meat from pigeons. 2. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays an important role in transcription and post-transcriptional regulation, but research on the molecular mechanisms of this process in pectoral muscle development in pigeon squabs is lacking. 3. Herein, RNA sequencing was used to analyse these mechanisms in pigeon squabs at different ages: 3(D3), 14 (D14) and 25 d (D25). A total of 56 169 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNA and 29 939 DE mRNA were identified among the three age groups, of which 483 were differentially co-expressed. A lncRNA–mRNA interaction network was constructed, and cis-trans identification, Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed. 4. The results showed that lncRNA affected muscle development through the cell cycle, cytoskeleton in muscle cells, motor proteins, extracellular matrix (ECM) receptor interaction, focal adhesion, and other signalling pathways. Five DE lncRNA and mRNA were selected (LTCONS_00073284,LTCONS_00012834, LTCONS_00032767, LTCONS_00041298, LTCONS_00028245;TNNC1, XIRP1, PITX3, COL4A6, and TNNT3). Their expression patterns were validated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-QPCR), which were consistent with the high-through sequencing results.

Tradition of cultivating bean mixture for multiple benefits and sustainable production system in mountain agriculture

Bean mixture cultivation is a traditional practice in mountain agriculture, though it has been increasingly replaced by monoculture. This survey explored the ecological, cultural, and economic factors driving the widespread adoption of bean mixtures in the Karnali region of Nepal. A household survey consisting of 42 questions was conducted among 34 households in Humla and 40 households in Jumla district. On average, households in Jumla cultivated beans on 1.93 ropani of land, while in Humla, the average area was slightly larger at 2.4 ropani (1 ropani = 0.05 a). In Jumla, 55% of respondents reported cultivating bean mixtures, compared to only 30% in Humla. Jumla farmers cultivated 30 distinct landraces of beans, while Humla farmers grew 12 landraces. In Jumla, 44% of farmers grew mixtures of four landraces, and 5% grew as many as seven landraces. In Humla, 32% of farmers mixed five landraces, 23% mixed three or four, and 11% mixed six landraces. The most commonly grown landraces in Jumla were Kalo Male, Sano Kalo, Rato Male, Rato Sano, and Kalo Sano. In Humla, Kalo Male, Seto Male, and Kalo were the most frequently grown landraces. Most respondents noted that mixed beans have a good taste and reduce the risk of crop failure. Enhancing and promoting bean mixture technology could benefit farmers by increasing ecological yield and supporting agroecological practices. SAARC J. Agric., 22(2): 209-226 (2024)

НОВЫЙ СОРТ КАРТОФЕЛЯ ЗАРНИ ДЛЯ УСЛОВИЙ СРЕДНЕГО ПРЕДУРАЛЬЯ

Due to the aggravated situation in the world, our country has embarked on the path of import substitution, including in the field of agriculture. At present, the creation of domestic competitive varieties of agricultural crops has become an urgent task. The paper presents the material of selection work on the creation of a new variety of potatoes in the conditions of the Middle Cis-Urals. The purpose of the study is to evaluate, according to economically valuable traits, a new potato variety obtained as a result of joint breeding of the Udmurt Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (UdmFRC UB RAS) and Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named after N.V. Rudnitsky (FARC of the North-East named after Rudnitsky). The object of the study is a promising potato variety Zarni (breeding number 10-06-2). Breeding evaluation of the variety in the UdmFRC UB RAS was carried out in the following nurseries: 2007 – nursery of hybrids of the first year; 2008 – nursery of hybrids of the second year; 2009 – kennel of preliminary testing; 2010 – the nursery of the main test; 2011–2013 – control nurseries of the 1st–3rd year of testing; 2014–2016 – area of selective reproduction. As a result of breeding work (2007–2016), a medium-early table potato variety was obtained. Tuber: color – yellow, flesh – yellow, eyes – small, shape – oval-rounded, surface – smooth. The variety forms the number of tubers per bush – 11–16 pieces, the average weight of a tuber is 70–120 g. Average yield for the period 2014–2016 amounted to 28.7 t/ha. Quality indicators: medium starch content, high vitamin C content, good taste, medium digestibility. It has resistance to major diseases and pests (potato cancer, golden potato nematode, late blight, common scab).

Preferensi Konsumen terhadap Agroindustri Pliek Ue Melalui Uji Organoleptik dalam Menentukan Kualitas Pliek Ue di Kabupaten Bireuen

This research aims to identify how consumer preferences for pliek ue agroindustry produce quality pliek ue. This research was conducted in July and ended in September 2024 in Bireuen Regency. The research method used is organoleptic testing on 30 agroindustries by 150 consumers as panelists to see the taste, color, texture, aroma, and aftertaste of pliek ue. The results showed organoleptic testing on pliek ue was carried out using 150 consumers as panelists at 30 pliek ue agroindustries in Bireuen Regency. The parameters measured were color, taste, aroma, texture, and aftertaste of pliek ue. The color parameter of pliek ue has an index value of 78%, the taste is 76%, the aroma is 75%, the texture is 80%, and the aftertaste of pliek ue is 78% while the general index value of organoleptic testing is 77.40% classified as moderate. This indicates that the quality of pliek ue produced by agroindustry in Bireuen Regency is medium. Agroindustry parties can improve the quality of pliek ue produced by improving production procedures during fermentation to produce good quality pliek ue. Good quality pliek ue depends on the production process carried out by the agroindustry when producing pliek ue to produce pliek ue that has a pleasant aroma, attractive color, good taste, preferred texture, and the aftertaste does not leave an unpleasant taste to consumers. The pliek ue agroindustry in Bireuen Regency can collaborate with stakeholders to certify the determination of quality standards for the pliek ue category, which has the best quality and can compete with pliek ue in other districts to support the welfare of the pliek ue agroindustry to be more prosperous and consistently produce good quality pliek ue.

СУЧАСНІ ТРЕНДИ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО МУЗИЧНОГО МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ В УМОВАХ ЦИФРОВОЇ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ СУСПІЛЬСТВА

The article is devoted to the issues of the formation and development of music management in Ukraine. It is studied that music management is a key component of the industry, which is responsible for coordinating all stages - from the creation of music to its perception by the audience. The definition of the concept of "music manager" is analyzed, its functions are considered, and the criteria for assessing the effectiveness of work are indicated. It is determined that music management is a dynamic field where new tools and trends are constantly emerging, so it is important to be aware of the latest changes and adapt to them; the rules that have been in effect for a long time in the field of musical art no longer meet the requirements of the new digital era. It is determined that modern trends in music management cover the following key areas: digital marketing strategies, branding and image, data analysis and analytics, integration with other media, copyright protection and legal aspects, globalization and international development, fan management. It is proven that in order to bring creativity to the audience, stand out in the face of fierce competition, organize concerts and tours, and record albums, it is necessary to strengthen management processes in musical art. These processes can be implemented only by experienced managers who specialize in the music industry, have deep knowledge in the art industry and in the field of show business, possess stage skills, conduct marketing research, position and promote a musical product, and also have good taste and strong intuition. Famous Ukrainian agencies specializing in music management are named. It is noted that marketing technologies play a key role in the promotion and sale of any musical product in the modern world. The main characteristics of music marketing are highlighted. The concept of "promotion of a musical performer" is studied. Factors affecting the effectiveness of promotion are analyzed. It has been proven that the development of professional management in music in all its aspects is a necessary condition for the productive existence of modern Ukrainian musical art.

Effect of nitrogen levels on grain yield and quality in improving mid‐season japonica rice varieties

AbstractBACKGROUNDNitrogen application is recognized as a principal factor influencing rice quality. However, there remains a paucity of research on the effects of different N levels on quality, particularly within the context of the improvement of rice varieties.RESULTSThis study examined 14 mid‐season japonica rice varieties cultivated in Jiangsu province over the past 80 years under five N application levels (0, 90, 180, 270, and 360 kg N ha−1). The results showed that yield increased steadily as varieties improved at all N levels. For varieties from the 1950s to the 1990s, yields initially rose and then declined as N application rates increased, peaking at 270 kg N ha−1. In contrast, modern varieties (post‐2000) exhibited a consistent increase in yield with higher N application rates. Fitted equations indicated that maximum yields were achieved at optimal N levels of 237–278 kg N ha−1 for varieties from the 1950s–1990s and 229.25 kg N ha−1 for post‐2000 varieties.As varieties improved, the content of brown, milled, and head milled rice, as well as albumen, gluten, and overall quality, increased. Conversely, chalkiness, protein content, gliadin and amylose content decreased, whereas gel consistency, breakdown, peak viscosity, and globulin showed no consistent pattern. Likewise, there was no consistent pattern in the tendency of starch to retrograde (as indicated by ‘setback’ values). Increasing N application rates enhanced the content of brown and milled rice, chalkiness, protein and its components, and the tendency of starch to retrograde (indicated by higher setback values). In contrast, amylose content, gel consistency, breakdown, peak viscosity, and overall taste quality declined with higher N levels.The study compared rice varieties with high yields (exceeding 10 t ha−1) and good comprehensive taste scores (above 52), revealing that modern varieties Wuyunjing 24, Lianjing 7, Yanjing 4038, and Nanjing 9108 performed exceptionally well with 180 kg N ha−1 and 270 kg N ha−1.CONCLUSIONModern varieties, with optimal N application and management, can achieve both high yield and good quality effectively. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Investigation of the Effect of the Homogenization Regime on Energy Costs and Shelf Life of Yogurt with Dogberry Puree

Introduction. Homogenization is one of the most significant factors ensuring the successful implementation of the technology for manufacturing various dairy products. During this process, there are changed the properties and structure of proteins. In particular, there is decreased the size of casein micelles, which break down into submicells. After that, the accumulation of submicells on the surface of fat particles is likely. The increase in the homogenization pressure amplifies the mechanical effect on the particles, therefore, the average size of fat globules decreases.Aim of the Study. The study is aimed at reducing energy costs for manufacturing dairy products while ensuring the maximum preservation of the quality of dairy products.Materials and Methods. There has been studied the influence of homogenization pressure on the process technical parameters such as the power used for the homogenizer drive and for the dynamics of changes in the product properties during storage. The analytical dependences describing the main parameters of homogenization are considered.Results. Compliance with the recommended homogenization parameters and other para­meters, in particular heat treatment, can significantly increase the product shelf life without significant changes in the initial quality indicators. If the process conditions allow crushing the initial fat particles to a size of about 1.0 micrometer and distributing them evenly throughout the volume, it makes possible to get a significant improvement in the taste and consistency of the resulting products. There has been studied influence of homogenization parameters on the shelf life of yogurt manufactured according to the proposed formula with using southern fruits, in particular, with dogberries.Discussion and Conclusion. Taking into account the results of experimental studies, we have concluded that the energy costs are significantly affected by the homogenization pressure (absolute value) and the ratio of pressure values at various stages of homogenization. The product manufactured according to the proposed formula with crushed dogberries preserves good taste, microbiological properties, and physical and chemical specified parameters for 14–15 days. It follows that the shelf life of yogurt manufactured according to the proposed formula should not exceed more than fourteen days at a temperature of no more than +6 °C.

Urban Architecture. About the Establishment and Development of Fair Towns. Representative Monuments (Casa Poroineanu from Craiova)

The present study analyzes the architecture of market towns, whose signs can still be present today. Examples of architectural details present in cities from Oltenia, Muntenia and Moldova are highlighted in the text of the study. Old mansions can be found in many places. They are more or less deformed – in Preajba (Dolj, in Otetelis (Vâlcea), and in Bengeşti (Gorj), in Bengeşti (Vâlcea), etc.). An old house, now destroyed, was located in Brăneşti (Dâmboviţa). Sufficient reasons for admiration, contemplation, reverie for the urban architecture of the time, venerable for its old age, sobriety and good taste of the olden times.

The effect of chlorella fortification on the quality of sago mocaf analogue rice

Analog rice is artificial rice shaped like rice which can be made from non-rice flour. This research aims to determine the effect of Chlorella fortification on the quality of sago mocaf analog rice and to find out the best formulation The method used in the study was an experiment with a non-factorial completely randomised design (CRD), with 4 treatment levels in the manufacturing of sago mocaf analog rice with different amount of Chlorella powder namely: 0 g (BA0), 1 g (BA1), 1.5 g (BA2) and 2 g (BA3). Based on the results, sago mocaf analogue rice-fortified Chlorella has a significant effect on appearance, aroma, taste, ash, protein, fat and carbohydrate content but has no significant effect on the texture and moisture content at the 95% confidence level. Based on the organoleptic test, the addition 1 g of Chlorella powder (BA1 treatment) in the manufacturing of sago mocaf analog rice was most preferred by consumer acceptance with the characteristics: complete appearance and greenish colour (8.71), neutral aroma/no Chlorella smell/typical sago aroma (8.73), good taste and a slight taste of fish flour (8.60), very hard texture and not easily broken (8.63); with 4.70% of water content, 1.42% of ash, 10.57% of protein, 4.54% of fat and 78.84% of carbohydrate. Sago mocaf analog rice fortified Chlorella produced meet the Indonesian National Standard.Keywords: Analog Rice; Chlorella; Fortification; Mocaf; Sago

Good taste of culture and art: a cause-related marketing strategy

Package claims influence product perceptions. Specifically, prosocial information concerning sustainable organisational practices improves product evaluation. This research evaluates the effect of supporting cultural and artistic activities as a claim that influences taste evaluations. Taste is a metaphor for an emotional response to products. We conducted a mixed model experiment: The claim “Supports cultural/artistic activities” is the between-group variable, and four fruits are the within-subject variable (i.e., guava, pineapple, red apple, and green grapes). Descriptive statistics and a MANOVA analysis show that the sweet and umami taste is enhanced when fruits hold the cultural/artistic claim. This effect is not observed for the sour and bitter taste. Therefore, the results confirm the taste metaphor. Within the cause-related marketing literature, it is possible to interpret that supporting the culture/arts industry has a symbolic meaning for the consumer.

«Les Sauvages» by J.-P. Rameau: a marketing ploy or an exercise in musical characterization?

The relevance of the study is to search for new perspectives on the phenomenon of programmability and characterization in the works of French harpsichord composers of the first third of the eighteenth century on the basis of one of the most popular miniatures by J.-P. Rameau «The Savages». In the research, the choice of the title is analyzed in connection with the principles of involvement of musical idioms of the time in the musical text to reproduce the exotic image, defined by the verbal program. The applied complex methodological approach allows us to find out the peculiarities of the reaction of Parisian salon musicians to the representatives of the nonEuropean «other» culture, which was presented by the delegation of North American Indians who visited Paris in 1725. The colorful images of «savages» could not go unnoticed by composers and music publishers, who, by titling musical works that evoked associations with exotic portraits of foreigners, increased the demand for their own musical products. Should we look for signs of crosscultural intersections only in the headline «inventions» or have recent impressions left their mark on musical texts? If so, to what extent did the existing «good taste» allow the composer and performer to authentically «copy» the exotic original? The search for answers to these questions is the main plot of this article. Main objective is to outline the specifics of the embodiment of the image of «savages» in music by prominent masters of European art, to comprehend the marketing prerequisites for creating a harpsichord piece in the context of this theme and the means of musical characterization of Indians proposed by J.-P. Rameau. The methodology consists of a comprehensive methodological approach that includes historical and contextual, biographical, comparative, genre and stylistic, and performance analysis methods. Results and conclusions. An overview of J.-P. Rameau’s compositional experience in reflecting Indians in music allows us to clearly separate the musical miniature «Les Sauvages» from other works of Indian music by his predecessors and contemporaries — it is the experience of direct acquaintance and the intention to «characterize» the exotic object of observation through the means of musical art. In «Les Sauvages», as in an early attempt at musical «characterization, » the composer did not try to literally imitate the original music of the native Americans. He used the musical vocabulary of his time, but, at the same time, he went beyond it, applying an emphatically extravagant, «savage» style of writing, undoubtedly brilliantly conveying the temperament of the performers of Indian dance on the stage of the Italian Theater in September 1725.

Товарные качества плодов новых форм груши в условиях предгорной плодовой зоны

Abstract. The need for pear breeding in the foothills of the North Caucasus is associated with the inconsistency of varieties grown in the region, including world standards, with the requirements of modern horticulture. Continuous improvement of the breeding process has led to the creation of new varieties of fruit crops with valuable characteristics and qualities. Currently, pear breeding is actively carried out using classical and modern methods, aimed at creating new sources and donors of valuable traits. As a result of breeding work in our institute, promising pear hybrid forms (2002 year of crossing) with fruits of high commercial quality have been identified. The data of the analysis of the commercial qualities of fruits for 2020-2023 are presented. The largest fruits are marked in two combinations Talgarskaya krasavitsa (free pollination). In the first variant, Talgarskaya krasavitsa (free pollination / working name – Zul’fira/), the average fruit weight was 509 g, and the largest reached 637 g. In the second variant of the Talgarskaya krasavitsa combination (free pollination / working name – Chegemskaya/), the average fruit weight was 258,2 g, and the largest weighed 323,5 g. The content of vitamin "C" in pear fruits is small, and therefore the pear cannot serve as a source of ascorbic acid. The variation of this indicator was noted in the range of 4,0...6,0 mg/100 g. The largest number of them in the Talgarskaya krasavitsa form (free pollination / Chegemskaya/) is on average 6,0 %, and this variety also has a higher sugar content – on average 11,6 %. The presented varieties show a high degree of adaptation to the specific weather conditions of the region. Despite the prevailing meteorological conditions, they mature physiologically, accumulate a sufficient number of chemical components that contribute to the formation of fruits with good dessert taste qualities. As a result, they can not only replenish the zoned assortment, but also are of undoubted interest for further breeding work. Key words: pear, varieties, commercial qualities, fruit weight, biochemical composition

Food Choices of Contemporary Cuisine and Traditional Foods: Effects on Family Ties.

Background: Technological advancement has evolved dynamics in the pace of day-to-day life. Economic and social development has introduced new meanings at individual and societal levels. Modernity and development have transformed the social fabric and relationships. Social media has instigated a tremendous multifaceted transformation in lifestyle. An increase in disposable income from prepared food, especially contemporary cuisines, has evolved diversified changes in consumers' behavior. These changes include trends, perceptions, consumption patterns, and modes of fast food (quality, quantity, tastes), including delivery systems, among all age groups and genders. This study investigated the factors that influence food choices towards contemporary cuisine, the influence of contemporary cuisine food choice on homemade/traditional foods, and how food choices of contemporary cuisines affect family ties. Methods: In this exploratory study, a cross-sectional quantitative survey research method was used to obtain the insights of youths. A systematic random sampling procedure was adopted. We recruited at a public sector university of Lahore, namely, the Institute of Social and Cultural Studies, University of the Punjab. The sample size was 260. We used modified versions of the Food Frequency Questionnaire and the Food Choice Questionnaire to assess the food choices of contemporary cuisine, homemade/traditional food, and family ties. The Cronbach's coefficient alpha level varied from 0.62 to 0.85 among scales. We performed descriptive and inferential statistics (factor analysis and multivariate regression analysis) by using SPSS 23. Results: Age and education showed a significant relationship with traditional food. Taste was the only factor identified for food choices of contemporary cuisine. Traditional food and family ties were the factors identified in the analysis. Conclusions: Food choices of contemporary cuisines were found to be just for good taste and fun. Homemade food regulates the traditions of traditional food. Cooking and dinning together not only maintained the food choices but also encourage and motivate the connectedness and closeness that strengthen family ties.

Analisis Pengaruh Penerapan Strategi Bauran Pemasaran terhadap Keputusan Pembelian pada UMKM Serba Nanas Alam Sari Subang Jawa Barat

UMKM One of the producers in Subang offering processed pineapples is Serba Nanas Alam Sari. Processed pineapple sales are erratic. Businesses must create a strong marketing mix strategy in order to overcome consumer preferences and market rivalry. The purpose of this study is to examine how purchase decisions at Serba Nanas Alam Sari UMKM in Subang, West Java, are affected by the application of a marketing mix approach. In order to collect data for this study, 100 UMKM customers were given questionnaires. Mixed methods were used in this research. The techniques employed for gathering data included surveys, interviews, documentation, and observation. A Likert scale is used for variable measurement, and MSI is used to alter it. Multiple linear regression data analysis was used to ascertain the impact of place, promotion, price, and product variables on consumer purchase decisions. The study's findings indicate that the significant value is less than 0.05, indicating that purchase decisions are influenced by product, price, place, and promotion all at the same time. With a result of 1,042, the product variable has the biggest impact. This is due to the product's variety, good taste, and guaranteed product quality. The variables that affect promotion, pricing, and location are next in line. Based on the study's findings, Serba Nanas Alam Sari UMKM can benefit from an efficient marketing plan that combines quality products, competitive pricing, effective distribution, and eye-catching promotions to influence more customers' purchases.

Unravelling genetic variability for yield and contributing characteristics in green gram [vigna radiata (L.) wilczek] germplasm

Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] is an essential crop for food, feed, and income generation in rice-based farming systems across Southeast Asia and other regions. Its popularity stems from its good taste, high nutritional value, and ease of digestion, making it a promising crop for enhancing livelihoods. However, despite its significance, mungbean productivity remains low, primarily due to environmental stresses and a lack of sufficient genetic variability. This study examines the variability, heritability, phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation, and genetic advance among yield-contributing traits in green gram germplasm. A total of 450 germplasm lines were evaluated alongside check varieties, revealing significant variation, with the analysis of variance showing notable differences across nearly all traits. The mean sum of squares for the germplasm was highly significant for all phenotypic traits. Several traits exhibited high estimates of heritability and genetic advance, viz., the number of branches/ plants, number of clusters/ plants, number of pods/ clusters, pod length, test weight, and seed yield/plant, indicating their potential for direct selection in breeding programs. These findings suggest that additive gene effects play a dominant role in controlling these traits, with minimal environmental influence, making simple phenotypic selection an effective approach. The results provide valuable insights for advancing green gram breeding programs focused on improving yield and quality through targeted hybridization and trait selection.

Food Encounters in the Tropics and the Andes: Isaac Holton’s Sensorial Construction of Disgust with Colombian Food in the Nineteenth Century

ABSTRACT This article examines the circulation of travel writing in the formation of white tastes created rhetorically and materially in opposition to the tastes of locals, focusing on food encounters between U.S. writers and Latin Americans in the mid-nineteenth century. It examines the representation of Colombian foodways in the travel accounts of North American botanist Isaac Holton published in 1857. Holton’s rejection of certain foods, especially those that Colombians seemed to enjoy most, is presented as evidence of his sense of moral superiority. Scholarship on American travel and empire shows how discourses in colonial food encounters and narratives about morality and good taste created stereotypes that persisted over time. Food mediated the daily relationship between travelers and locals in contexts of contested social and political power. To address the coloniality of food encounters, this essay focuses on the textual circulation of representations of African-descended and racially mixed Colombians as lazy and dirty. Their food and foodways served as political, racialized, and gendered metaphors that represented subaltern Colombians in a growing global community of readers. Narratives of disgust about people of the tropics and the Andes help readers to understand how early American travelers to Colombia drew on their sensory experiences to construct narratives that interpreted cultural differences as national and moral. This analysis exposes the link between emotions and senses in forming narratives of “otherness” in the Americas.

Formulation and Sensory Evaluation of Symbiotic Kulfi with Lactobacillus lactis, Banana (Musa paradisiaca) Powder and Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) Powder as a Functional Ingredients

Kulfi was one of the old frozen dessert earlier which was popular in rural area, nowadays that scope increased in both rural and urban area. Many probiotic dairy products are present in market but probiotic ice cream extending their space widely, some alterations were made to slight increase the viability of probiotic microorganisms that provide wide health benefits to consumers and peoples were more sensitive lactose intolerance by breakdown of complex sugars into simpler form. In this study made to production of symbiotic kulfi by incorporation of probiotic culture lactobacillus lactis (0.05g/100g), Banana powder (musa paradisiaca) (8g, 16g. 24g), and Flax seed (Linum usitatissimum) powder as a prebiotic source (2g, 4g, 6g). Banana powder and flax seed powder, not only act as prebiotic source along with provides good texture and taste with increased color and appearance of the kulfi samples. The effect of banana powder and flax seed powder reveals the survivability of probiotic microorganisms, variation in nutritional composition and sensory property. Viability of probiotic microorganisms was slight decreased by increasing in days of storage at freeze condition. In comparison of C1, P1, P2, P3 the acidity was decreased (0.22, 0.20, 0.16), Total soluble solid (50.1, 57.1, 62.5) and total carbohydrate increased. The increase in prebiotic concentration, saturated fat (5.30, 4.80, 4.30), total fat and sodium concentration was decreased. By comparing all kulfi samples, P1 sample got the highest score in both sensory attributes and nutritional analysis.

Punjab Tar-1: A New Short Duration, High Yielding and Disease Resistance Long Melon Variety (Cucumis melo) Released in Pakistan.

The development of new crop varieties with favorable features is a continuing effort. With the passage of time, a cultivated variety becomes subjected to various biotic and abiotic plant stresses. This article describes development of an innovative and imaginative long melon cultivar called "Punjab Tar-1."This article discusses creation of a novel and inventive long melon variety known as "Punjab Tar-1." Current long melon varieties in Pakistan are sensitive to climatic conditions and susceptible to pest and disease attack. A New Short Duration, High Yielding and Disease Resistance Long Melon Variety (Cucumis melo) is released in Pakistan to address these current issues of long melon varieties A high yielding and early maturing variety of long melon “Punjab Tar-1” has been developed by Vegetable Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan through mass selection. Plants were selected from an open pollinated indigenous source population with main emphasis on earliness, fruit shape, color and taste and yield. Selection intensity was 15% in 1st three selection cycles and 30% in subsequent four selection cycles whereas yield trials were started from 8th selection cycle. The fruit of this variety has a strong longitudinal rib that makes it difficult for eating by caterpillars. This variety has wide adaptability and exhibits stable yield across multiple environments. Notably, "Punjab Tar-1" contains 10.59 % crude protein and 1.08% crude fat content. Genetic uniformity and distinctiveness of this variety was confirmed through SSR polymorphism. Punjab Tar-1 variety has been approved by Punjab Seed Council in its meeting held on 2021 and was recommended for general cultivation in Punjab, Pakistan. Its certified seed is available for farmers at Vegetable Research Institute, Faisalabad. This newly approved variety will aid to save the precious foreign reserves by reducing vegetable seed import bill. In Pakistan, seed market of long melon is occupied by improved varieties. In multi-location evaluation, one said variety has exhibited high yield and stability than exotic germplasm. This is the first variety developed in Pakistan having good taste, early maturity, long shape, and high yield potential. DNA fingerprinting has further confirmed that it is distinct from local material, having novelty and diversity.

A comprehensive content analysis of 104 Chinese electronic cigarette manufacturing enterprise official websites

ObjectiveThe goal was to analyse website content of Chinese electronic (e) cigarette manufacturing enterprises and understand the marketing strategies to provide evidence for decision-makers to regulate manufacturers.MethodsThrough QCC.com, one of...

What role do attitudes, information and taste play in consumer preferences and willingness to pay for domestic alternatives to exotic superfoods?

Superfoods are a recent health-oriented food trend, especially among younger consumers. The most well-known superfoods, such as quinoa or goji berries, are considered exotic foods, at least for the European market. This contradicts another food trend: the movement towards regional or local foods. As little is known about how consumers evaluate this trade-off when consuming superfoods, we investigate i) consumers’ preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for domestic and exotic superfood ingredients; and ii) factors determining a higher WTP for domestic superfood alternatives. To this end, we conducted a three-step Vickrey auction of fruit smoothies with exotic and domestic superfood ingredients. A total of 116 individuals participated in the within-subjects experiment, which included an information treatment, tastings and a sensory evaluation. In general, participants perceived superfoods as a healthy but expensive food trend potentially harmful to the environment. Moreover, participants were eager to try the exotic smoothie, but agreed more strongly with statements endorsing the positive health benefits and good taste of the domestic smoothie. In general, we found a higher WTP for the domestic smoothie, which was reinforced by providing information about the origin of the fruits. After tasting, the WTP a premium for the domestic smoothie was driven by differences in sensory evaluations, but no longer by product perceptions and food neophobia. This indicates that food neophobia is related to taste uncertainty, which was resolved by the tasting. We discuss practical implications for fruit growers and processors marketing products containing novel and familiar superfood ingredients.