Task Orientation Research Articles

The Relationship of Goal Orientation, Self-Esteem, Situational Motivation and Satisfaction From Sports Among Young Karate Athletes

The main problem of the research was to determine the relationship between goal orientation, satisfaction, self-esteem, and situational motivation among young karate athletes from Republic of North Macedonia. The research was carried out on a sample of 100 respondents who are engaged in karate sport between the ages of 11 and 14 from Republic of North Macedonia. The sample is divided into two subsamples according to gender, namely 54 male respondents and 45 female respondents. The sample was drawn from several karate clubs in Republic of North Macedonia. In order to realize the goals of the research, several scales were applied to assess goal orientation, satisfaction, self-esteem and situational motivation. The obtained data were processed with appropriate parametric statistical methods. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that a larger number of respondents (young karate athletes) from our sample are more focused on developing and improving their competence, and less on achieving results and relying on their abilities. Interrelationships among the four subscales assessing the level of self-determination to be physically active, as expected the more proximal along the continuum are more positively correlated with task orientation than those more distal along the continuum. The research results confirm that task orientation is more positively related to more self-determined types of situational motivation (the internal motivational regulator -intrinsic motivation and the identification motivational regulator -identified regulation) and negatively related to less self-determined types of situational motivation (external motivational regulator- external regulation and guilt regulator - introjected regulation). Based on all that has been stated, it can be concluded that among young karate athletes aged 11 to 14, internal motives (i. e. fun, personal challenge, etc.) or so-called essential motives for playing sports should be promoted.

Targeting Well-Being and Physical Activity through Sport Education in Higher Education

ABSTRACT During the pandemic, sedentary behavior and social isolation threatened college students’ physical and mental health. The effectiveness of Sport Education on combinations of variables associated with well-being and physical activity was explored. Undergraduate students (N = 236) participated in a 15-week intervention; Sport Education (experimental) was compared to Direct Instruction (control). A structural equation modeling approach and Causal Mediation Analyses were conducted to test hypothesized models. A mixed factorial ANOVA was used to examine physical activity engagement. Sport Education students participated in physical activity significantly longer than the Direct Instruction group at posttest; student perceived role and task orientation significantly predicted physical activity engagement, social dysfunction, and perceived stress in the Sport Education condition. Given the climate, college students became more task-oriented, socially supported, and stress relieved through Sport Education. Future longitudinal and qualitative inquiries are encouraged to examine the effectiveness of Sport Education in motivating lifelong physical activity and well-being.

Research on Principles and Strategies of Software Localization Translation: A Case Study of the English-Speaking Market Delivery of Operation Supporting System of Telecom Operators

Software localization translation is an important factor in software globalization. However, due to the complexity of the product, the diversity of users, and different social and cultural backgrounds, software localization faces many challenges in the overseas delivery process. Based on the delivery characteristics of the domestic telecom operators’ operation supporting system, combining the translation and technology communication approaches, this paper analyzes the principles of software localization translation and puts forward the relative strategies. On the basis of textual translation strategies, wide knowledge and good application abilities of computer-assisted translation technologies, structured writing technologies, and user interface redesign are the key points to guarantee the textual accuracy and clarity, and task orientation, usability, and uniformity of deliverables so as to improve the product utility and enhance user experience as well as satisfaction.

Does attending preschool in an economically advantaged or disadvantaged neighborhood moderate the effects of the preschool edition of promoting alternative thinking strategies®?

Early interventions that foster the participation, engagement, and development of children attending preschools, including those in economically disadvantaged (low-income) neighborhoods, are of high priority. One such intervention is a universal socioemotional learning (SEL) program called Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies (PATHS®) which aims to promote social emotional competence and positive adjustment in children, in general, and may have unique benefits for children attending preschool in low incomes areas. In the SEL field, areas in need of exploration include the possible role that neighborhood income level (i.e., all residents’ income in a postal code that a preschool is located in) could have for children’s social emotional competence and positive adjustment and how neighborhood income level may relate to benefits of an intervention such as PATHS. The study aims were to investigate 1) the baseline group differences in social emotional competence and adjustment depending on the neighborhood income level and 2) to determine if neighborhood income level moderated the effects of PATHS on children’s social emotional competence and adjustment from pre to posttest. Participants were 275 children aged four to five years old, from the preschools randomized into an immediate intervention (n = 145 children) or a wait-list control group (n = 130 children). Overall, 42.9% (n = 118) of the children attended preschools in economically disadvantaged neighborhoods and 57.1% (n = 157) of the children attended preschools in economically advantaged neighborhoods. Children’s social emotional competence and adjustment were assessed through child tasks, child observations and teacher reports. The moderation of intervention effects by the preschools’ neighborhood income was tested in a series of just-identified structural equation models (SEM) that explored interaction effects (income*PATHS interactions). At baseline, relative to children attending preschool in economically advantaged preschools, children attending preschool in economically disadvantaged neighborhoods showed lower levels of inhibitory control, working memory, task orientation and higher levels of inattention. Children attending preschools in economically disadvantaged neighborhoods participating in PATHS also showed reductions in inattention, social withdrawal and anxiety compared to control group children also attending preschool in disadvantaged neighborhoods. Additionally, PATHS children from advantaged neighborhoods improved their prosocial behavior, but not their social independence, relative to control group children who also attended preschool in advantaged neighborhoods. Offering PATHS as an SEL intervention in early childhood education and care settings could help to reduce disparities among children in a number of key outcomes.

О проблемах математической подготовки будущих экономистов

This article is written on the basis of the analysis of scientific and methodological literature over the past two years and the personal experience of the authors of conducting mathematical disciplines with cadets and full-time students using distance learning technologies. The purpose of this article was to substantiate the relevance and significance of using a set of individual homework assignments containing applied tasks of an economic orientation for generalizing the material and acquiring the skill of synthetic activity. The study was conducted for four semesters in the classroom in the disciplines of the mathematical cycle with students of economic specialties. As a result of the work carried out, the authors were able to identify and analyze the most typical problems associated with the mathematical training of future economists. One of the ways to solve them is to use workbooks with tasks of economic content, the peculiarity of which lies in the structure of construction: around the central core (which is chosen as one of the basic economic concepts), several tasks are formed that reinforce various topics of the discipline being studied.

Exploring the job demands experienced by employees with hearing impairment in South Africa

Orientation: South Africa’s employment equity agenda towards persons with disabilities requires more insight to develop polices and standards of practice.Research purpose: This study sought to inductively inquire about job characteristics that employees with hearing impairment (EwHIs) experience as job demands.Motivation for the study: Scholarly research regarding job demands experienced by EwHIs is underrepresented in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and specifically on the African continent. Therefore, this study aimed to address this gap in literature within the South African context.Research approach/design and method: An exploratory, qualitative research approach was used. Social constructivism served as the paradigm. The approach was complemented by a descriptive phenomenological design aimed at deeply understanding the job demands of EwHIs within South Africa Purposive sampling was used to identify 14 respondents. Data were collected by using open-ended deaf-accessible questionnaires. Inductive qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the data.Main findings: Communication demands and environmental stimuli demands emerged as unique job demands experienced by EwHIs. These job demands were not previously listed in the literature.Practical/managerial implications: The findings of this study have implications for policy, practice and decision-making. The implications relate to overcoming communication and task barriers as well as minimising task orientation variance experienced by EwHIs.Contribution/value-add: Unlisted themes of job demands that apply to EwHIs in South Africa were discovered. The improved understanding of these job demands contributes to the body of knowledge on both the theory of job demands and managing the work environments of EwHIs.

Happiness Levels and Goal Orientations of Athletes Engaged in Individual and Team Sports

The purpose of the research is to designate the relationship between happiness levels and goal orientation levels of the athletes who do individual and team sports. In this study, relational scanning model, one of the general scanning model, has been used. The research group consisted of 238 athletes who engaged individual sports and 376 athletes who engaged team sports selected by random sampling method. In the research, Happiness Scale (HS) developed by Demirci and Eksi (2018), Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ) developed by Duda (1989) and adapted to Turkish culture by Toros (2004), Personal Information Form developed by the researchers to collect personal information have been used. In the analysis of the data; t test, one-way analysis of variance (Anova) test, Tukey HSD test, Tamhane's T2 test and pearson coefficient of correlation have been applied. When the research results are examined, it was specified that there was a meaningful weak relationship between happiness level of individual sports athletes and their goal, task and ego orientation, that there was meaningful moderate relationship between goal, task and ego orientation, and that there was a meaningful very high level relationship between task and ego orientation. It was stated that there was meaningful weak relationship between happiness level and task and ego orientation of the athletes who engaged team sports, that there was a very weak relationship between the goal and ego orientation, that there was a meaningful weak level of relationship between the goal, task and ego orientation, and that there was a very high level of relationship between task and ego orientation.

Examining of Tennis Referee's Task and Ego Orientations According to Some Demographic Characteristics

The purpose of this study is to determine the task and ego orientations of tennis referees, and to determine whether they differ according to some demographic characteristics. The data obtained from the research were in the survey model within the scope of quantitative research and were examined in a descriptive research design. According to the information obtained from the corporate website of the Turkish Tennis Federation, there are 219 tennis referees registered in the Anatolian Side of Istanbul. Doğan et al. (2017) The Task and Ego Orientation Scale in Sports for Referees was used. In addition, a demographic information form consisting of 4 questions was created. In this form, tennis referees were asked about their gender, age, education status and the period they were refereeing. Before starting the research, necessary permission was obtained from the relevant scientist regarding the use of the mentioned scale. The scale from prepared by the researcher in Google documents was sent to the referees registered in the Turkish Tennis Federation in the Anatolian Side of Istanbul through social communication networks. All analyzes were carried out using the SPSS 26.0 package program at 95% confidence level. In the study, according to the total scores of the tennis referees on the Task and Ego Orientation Scale for Referees in Sports; there was a significant difference only in terms of gender variable. Accordingly, the sub-dimension point averages of female referees in sports are lower than male referees.

Exploration on the Role of Transformational Leadership Linkage Psychological Empowerment in Stimulating Employees' Innovation Behavior in an Uncertain Environment: Based on Entrepreneurship Perspective.

Employee Innovative Behavior (EIB) in a stable environment is often based on the company's planned policy orientation and has higher innovation performance under the transactional leadership behavior characterized by task orientation. In an uncertain environment, transformational corporate leadership behaviors will stimulate EIB. The essence of entrepreneurship is innovation. Enterprises provide employees with spiritual support through entrepreneurship, which can generate more effective long-term incentives for employees. From the perspective of entrepreneurship, based on the Uncertainty-Identity Theory (UIT), through the analysis of 287 pairs of valid sample data from 7 companies, it is found that Environmental Uncertainty (EU) has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between Transformational Leadership (TL) and Psychological Empowerment (PE). PE positively promotes EIB. The indirect effect size of PE is 0.2221, 0.3495, and 0.4450 from low to high, respectively. It is inferred that the interaction between TL and EU can positively promote EIB through the mediating effect of PE. The research conclusions expand the boundary conditions of the relationship between TL and EIB and innovatively provide theoretical guidance for the management of EIB from the perspective of entrepreneurship in an uncertain environment.

Image Recognition-Based Architecture to Enhance Inclusive Mobility of Visually Impaired People in Smart and Urban Environments

The demographic growth that we have witnessed in recent years, which is expected to increase in the years to come, raises emerging challenges worldwide regarding urban mobility, both in transport and pedestrian movement. The sustainable development of cities is also intrinsically linked to urban planning and mobility strategies. The tasks of navigation and orientation in cities are something that we resort to today with great frequency, especially in unknown cities and places. Current navigation solutions refer to the precision aspect as a big challenge, especially between buildings in city centers. In this paper, we focus on the segment of visually impaired people and how they can obtain information about where they are when, for some reason, they have lost their orientation. Of course, the challenges are different and much more challenging in this situation and with this population segment. GPS, a technique widely used for navigation in outdoor environments, does not have the precision we need or the most beneficial type of content because the information that a visually impaired person needs when lost is not the name of the street or the coordinates but a reference point. Therefore, this paper includes the proposal of a conceptual architecture for outdoor positioning of visually impaired people using the Landmark Positioning approach.

Identification and orientation patterns relative to the type of information provided, and the accuracy of alerts: an operational use case with infantry ground military operators

With the increased use of unmanned aerial and ground systems in the military environment, the question of what information to distribute to ground military operators arises. Generally, ground operators prefer ground views over aerial ones. Aerial views can generate broader understanding of the environment and increase comprehension of the situation but, also, cause overload and confusion. Alert systems can push information to operators to increase attending to critical events. But alerts are not perfect; accuracy depends on the rate of misses and false alerts of irrelevant events. In an experimental setup, we examined how information sources (with or without aerial view) and alert accuracy interact to affect ground operators’ performance in an Intelligence gathering identification and orientation mission. We collected performance, subjective and eye-tracking data and present here the ground operators’ sensitivity and response bias using signal detection theory (SDT) measures. Participants performed better with ground views, and we report an interaction between the presence of aerial view and the accuracy of the alerting system for the orientation task. Participants benefited more from alerts with ground views alone.

A path analysis of university EFL students' perceptions of the classroom environment and academic achievement

The current study aimed to explore the relationships between students' perceptions of the classroom environment and their academic achievement in higher education. The participants were 846 first-year undergraduate students who were learning English as a foreign language (EFL) in China. Data on students’ perceptions of the classroom environment were collected by the College and University Classroom Environment Inventory. Students’ academic achievement was measured by a national standardized test for English competence (the College English Test). The results of path analysis showed that students’ perceptions of innovative instruction and task orientation were positive predictors of their academic achievement; students’ perceptions of equity predicted their academic achievement via perceptions of teacher-student relationships; students’ perceptions of peer relationships had an indirect effect on student achievement mediated by cooperative learning. However, students’ perceptions of learning autonomy were not related to their perceptions of other environmental factors and learning outcomes. Keywords: Academic achievement; Classroom environment; English as a foreign language (EFL); perceptions.

EEG coherence as a marker of functional connectivity disruption in Alzheimer's disease

Progressive deterioration of connectivity between neurons is a neurophysiological hallmark of brain ageing and has been linked to the severity of dementia. We explored the possibility of utilizing electroencephalographic evidence of functional connectivity disruption as a potential marker of Alzheimer's disease. This study examined group differences in EEG coherence within global cortical networks at rest and during executive challenges among patients with Alzheimer's dementia, individuals with mild cognitive impairment, and healthy controls. Four promising EEG coherence markers were identified as (i) F3-F4 Beta in visual-spatial orientation task (p = 0.019), (ii) P7-P8 Beta in writing task (p = 0.001), (iii) T7-T8 Gamma in speech understanding task (p = 0.008) and (iv) O1-O2 Alpha in space orientation task (p = 0.020). More research is needed to identify the sensitivity and specificity of the markers.

The task system for the first All-Russian Olympiad in artificial intelligence for schoolchildren

The article discusses the main approaches to the development and use of the task system for the first All-Russian Olympiad in artificial intelligence for schoolchildren. The first Olympiad in artificial intelligence for schoolchildren, held by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation, had distinctive features in the procedure of the competition and in competition tasks. These features can be used for comparative analysis and expert evaluation of intellectual competitions for schoolchildren held in Russia. The subjects of the Olympiad tasks are Natural Language Processing, Computer Vision, and Data Science.The Python programming language was used. The tasks were focused on the formation of an individual path for the student to prepare for the final stage of the Olympiad in artificial intelligence, i. e. thematic continuity was observed at all stages and the practical orientation of tasks using data sets was observed in the second and third rounds. For the assessment, a rating assessment was used (as in the professional community Kaggle.com) of the individual abilities of schoolchildren in the complex application of mathematical and digital skills in solving artificial intelligence tasks.The article may be useful for informatics teachers who include the topic in an advanced informatics course and teachers of additional education who prepare schoolchildren for Olympiads in programming.

Enhancing users' well-being in virtual medical tourism communities: A configurational analysis of users’ interaction characteristics and social support

Virtual medical tourism communities (V-MTCs) have emerged as important information sources and social platforms for medical tourists. Drawing on value co-creation literature and complexity theory, this study examines the effects of users’ online interaction characteristics and social support on their well-being from a configurational perspective, aiming to identify different well-being trigger patterns among users of V-MTCs in China. A fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) was conducted, incorporating seven interactional configurations involving communication style (task and relationship orientation), social support (emotional, informational, and network support), and citizenship behavior. The findings indicate three categories of configurations that lead to a high sense of well-being, dominated by social support, task orientation, and citizenship behavior. The article discusses the theoretical logic of each configuration and enriches the value co-creation literature and technology-enabled transformative service research by providing new insights into the causal patterns of well-being in V-MTCs. The findings also have practical implications for V-MTC management.

A-295 Visuospatial Skills of Adolescents Involved in Prostitution

Abstract Objective: Adolescents involved in prostitution are exposed to traumatic experiences with long-term adverse effects including symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Maltreated children tend to perform poorly on tasks of visuospatial orientation. We hypothesized that adolescents who had been involved in prostitution would have weak visuospatial skills and that those with a diagnosis of PTSD would have worse visuospatial skills than those without a diagnosis of PTSD. Method: Due to academic concerns, comprehensive neuropsychological assessment was conducted in a community mental health center with 22 adolescents (21 female and one trans to female) who had been involved in prostitution. Visuospatial skills were measured using the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCF). IQ ranged from 72 to 112 (M = 85.4, SD = 13.27). Sixteen out of the 22 participants were diagnosed with PTSD. Results: Adolescents involved in prostitution scored significantly lower on the copying trial of the ROCF (M = 24.2, SD = 7.89) than the normative sample (M = 33.6, SD = 2.98), t = -5.60, p <.001. However, the results revealed no significant difference on ROCF copy scores between participants diagnosed with PTSD (M = 24.69, SD = 6.41) and those not diagnosed with PTSD (M = 22.84, SD = 11.62), F(1, 20) = 0.23, p = 0.64, even controlling for age and intellectual functioning. Conclusion: The findings suggest that adolescents who experienced the trauma of prostitution may have deficiencies in visuospatial functioning, regardless of PTSD diagnosis. Thus they may distort environmental information, leading to poor decision-making.

Exogenous Attention to Emotional Stimuli Presenting Realistic (3D) Looming Motion

Previous research shows that dynamic stimuli, on the one hand, and emotional stimuli, on the other, capture exogenous attention due to their biological relevance. Through neural (ERPs) and behavioral measures (reaction times and errors), the present study explored the combined effect of looming motion and emotional content on attentional capture. To this end, 3D-recreated static and dynamic animals assessed as emotional (positive or negative) or neutral were presented as distractors while 71 volunteers performed a line orientation task. We observed a two-phase effect: firstly (before 300 ms), early components of ERPs (P1p and N2po) showed enhanced exogenous attentional capture by looming positive distractors and static threatening animals. Thereafter, dynamic and static threatening distractors received enhanced endogenous attention as revealed by both late ERP activity (LPC) and behavioral (errors) responses. These effects are likely explained by both the emotional valence and the distance of the stimulus at each moment.

EFL classroom learning environment at a Thai university: What variables matter for low-proficiency students?

This study investigated the EFL classroom learning environment at a university in Thailand from the perspective of low-English proficiency students. Using structural equation modelling, five hypotheses involving variables generated by students and teachers were investigated (SEM). According to the findings, task orientation in low-proficiency students was the key to boosting students' English course grades. In the case of low-proficiency students, equity, teacher support, and student cooperation were not found to be important. Student cohesion was also found to be an unreliable predictor of students' English grades. Because research on the classroom learning environment engaging low students is still limited, these findings suggest future investigation.

How and When Power Distance Oriented Leaders Shape Team Leader-member Exchange Configurations

It is an untapped question “How do power distance-oriented leaders differentiate their relationships among the followers?” Integrating role theory and a configurational approach, the present research seeks to examine the effect of leader power distance orientation on different leader-member exchange (LMX) configurations and the relevant boundary conditions. With two-wave data among 645 employees from 119 groups, we tested our hypotheses using binary logistic regressions. The results suggested that leader power distance orientation is positively related to a solo-status high LMX configurations, but not significantly related to a bimodal or solo-status low LMX configurations. Moreover, we found support for the three-way interactions of leader power distance orientation, education diversity, and team task interdependence on LMX configurations, such that when team education diversity is high and task interdependence is low, the positive relationship of leader power distance orientation with the solo-status high LMX configuration and its negative relationship with the bimodal LMX configuration are significant. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed in detail.

단체종목 고등학교 운동선수들의 성취목표성향과 훈련몰입의 관계에서 스포츠 자신감의 매개효과 분석

Purpose: This study is to analyze the relationship among achievement-goal orientation, sport-confidence, and training commitment in high school male athletes.BR Method: A total of 358 study subjects were analyzed using SPSS Ver. Cross-analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were performed using the 23.0 and AMOS 23.0 statistical programs.BR Results: First, it was found that high school athletes’ task orientation, a sub-factor of achievement-goal orientation, had a positive effect on sport-confidence’s demonstration of ability, social support, physical/mental preparation, and coach’s leadership.BR Second, task orientation, a sub-factor of achievement-goal orientation of high school athletes, was found to have a positive effect on the training commitment factor. Self-orientation had a negative effect on the training commitment.BR Third, regarding the relationship between confidence and training commitment, it was found to have a positive effect on social support and physical/mental preparation, which are sub-factors of sport-confidence of high school athletes. It was found to have a negative effect on coach’s leadership.BR Fourth, in the relationship between achievement-goal orientation and training commitment of high school athletes, sport-confidence was found to have a mediating effect.BR Conclusion: This study presents the research results that achievement goal orientation and sports confidence have a positive effect on training commitment, and the mediating effect of sports confidence is meaningful in providing useful basic data for sports workers.