Information Processing Tasks Research Articles

Quantum Ranging with Gaussian Entanglement.

It is well known that entanglement can benefit quantum information processing tasks. Quantum illumination, when first proposed, was surprising as the entanglement's benefit survived entanglement-breaking noise. Since then, many efforts have been devoted to study quantum sensing in noisy scenarios. The applicability of such schemes, however, is limited to a binary quantum hypothesis testing scenario. In terms of target detection, such schemes interrogate a single spatiotemporal resolution bin at a time, limiting the impact to radar detection. We resolve this binary-hypothesis limitation by proposing an entanglement-assisted quantum ranging protocol. By formulating a ranging task as a multiary hypothesis testing problem, we show that entanglement enables a 6-dB advantage in the error exponent against the optimal classical scheme. Moreover, the proposed ranging protocol can also be used to implement a pulse-position modulated entanglement-assisted communication protocol. Our ranging protocol reveals entanglement's potential in general quantum hypothesis testing tasks and paves the way toward a quantum-ranging radar with a provable quantum advantage.

Local Information as an Essential Factor for Quantum Entanglement.

Quantum entanglement is not only a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics but also a special resource for many important quantum information processing tasks. An intuitive way to understand quantum entanglement is to analyze its geometric parameters which include local parameters and correlation parameters. The correlation parameters have been extensively studied while the role of local parameters have not been drawn attention. In this paper, we investigate the question how local parameters of a two-qubit system affect quantum entanglement in both quantitative and qualitative perspective. Firstly, we find that the concurrence, a measure of quantum entanglement, of a general two-qubit state is bounded by the norms of local vectors and correlations matrix. Then, we derive a sufficient condition for a two-qubit being separable in perspective of local parameters. Finally, we find that different local parameters could make a state with fixed correlation matrix separable, entangled or even more qualitatively entangled than the one with vanished local parameters.

Adiabatic speedup in cutting a spin chain via zero-area pulse control

The adiabatic quantum information processing task requires that the evolution of a system must be kept in its instantaneous eigenstate. However, normally the adiabaticity will be ruined due to the interaction between the system and the noisy environment in its long evolution time. Here, in this paper, we show that zero-area pulse control can be used to realize the adiabatic process in a nonadiabatic regime. A concrete example is provided where one spin chain is cut into two chains. The pulse function is applied in the laboratory frame and suitable pulse conditions are obtained numerically. We find that compared with the pulse conditions obtained in the adiabatic frame, the results are similar for low-energy-level systems but tend to deviate when the system's energy level increases. We then obtain the pulse conditions theoretically by writing the control Hamiltonian in the adiabatic frame. It is found that a sequence of pulses with intensities tuned by a time-dependent energy difference is required to guarantee an effective adiabatic speedup.

Dissipative engineering of a tripartite Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state for neutral atoms

The multipartite Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states are indispensable elements for various quantum information processing tasks. Here we put forward two deterministic proposals to dissipatively prepare tripartite GHZ states in a neutral atom system. The first scheme utilizes the polychromatic driving fields and the engineered spontaneous emission of Rydberg states to generate a tripartite GHZ state with a high efficiency, which is then optimized by introducing the Gaussian soft control pulse. In the second scenario, we exploit the natural spontaneous emission of the Rydberg states as a resource, thence a steady tripartite GHZ state with fidelity around 98% can be obtained by simultaneously integrating the switching driving of unconventional Rydberg pumping and the Rydberg antiblockade effect.

Optimal single-shot discrimination of optical modes

Retrieving classical information encoded in optical modes is at the heart of many quantum information processing tasks, especially in the field of quantum communication and sensing. Yet, despite its importance, the fundamental limits of optical mode discrimination have been studied only in few specific examples. Here we present a toolbox to find the optimal discrimination of any set of optical modes. The toolbox uses linear and semi-definite programming techniques, which provide rigorous (not heuristic) bounds, and which can be efficiently solved on standard computers. We study both probabilistic and unambiguous single-shot discrimination in two scenarios: the "channel-discrimination scenario", typical of metrology, in which the verifier holds the light source and can set up a reference frame for the phase; and the "source-discrimination scenario", more frequent in cryptography, in which the verifier only sees states that are diagonal in the photon-number basis. Our techniques are illustrated with several examples. Among the results, we find that, for many sets of modes, the optimal state for mode discrimination is a superposition or mixture of at most two number states; but this is not general, and we also exhibit counter-examples.

Data Analysis from Two-choice Decision Tasks in Visual Information Processing

Data analysis are important tasks in research. The present study focuses on the analysis of data sets from human eye movement experiments. The results of the experiments were analyzed according to two criteria – gender and age of the participants. The participants were divided into 3 groups, respectively group 1: between 20 and 35 years, group 2: between 36 and 55 years and group 3: between 56 and 85 years. The results showed that 75% of the two-choice decision tasks were solved correctly. This trend was maintained among the participants from group 1 – respectively 75.4%. The participants from group 2 gave more correct answers – respectively 82.2%, but the participants from group 3 gave fewer correct answers – respectively 70.2%. The average value of the response time indicator (of all participants) was 1455 ms. The response time of the participants from groups 1 and 2 was shorter than the average (respectively with 483 ms and 235 ms). The response time of the participants from group 3 was longer than the average (respectively with 626 ms).

Transformations of multilevel coherent states under coherence-preserving operations

Quantum coherence, emerging from the 'superposition' of quantum states, is widely used in various information processing tasks. Recently, the resource theory of multilevel quantum coherence is attracting substantial attention. In this paper, we mainly study the deterministic transformations of resource pure states via free operations in the theoretical framework for multilevel coherence. We prove that any two multilevel coherent resource pure states can be interconverted with a nonzero probability via a completely positive and trace non-increasing $k$-coherence-preserving map. Meanwhile, we present the condition of the interconversions of two multilevel coherent resource pure states under $k$-coherence-preserving operations. In addition, we obtain that in the resource-theoretic framework of multilevel coherence, no resource state is isolated, that is, given a multilevel coherent pure state $|\psi\rangle$, there exists another multilevel coherent pure state $|\phi\rangle$ and a $k$-coherence-preserving operation $\Lambda_k$, such that $\Lambda_k(|\phi\rangle)=|\psi\rangle$.

Emotion information processing as a new component of emotional intelligence: Theoretical framework and empirical evidence

The relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and emotion information processing (EIP) has received surprisingly little attention in the literature. The present research addresses these gaps in the literature by introducing a conceptualization of emotional intelligence as composed of two distinct components: (1) EIK or emotion Knowledge component, captured by current ability emotional intelligence tests, related to top-down, higher order reasoning about emotions, and which depends more strongly on acquired and culture-bound knowledge about emotions; (2) EIP or emotion information Processing component, measured with emotion information processing tasks, requires faster processing and is based on bottom-up attention-related responses to emotion information. In Study 1 ( N = 349) we tested the factorial structure of this new EIP component within the nomological network of intelligence and current ability emotional intelligence. In Study 2 ( N =111) we tested the incremental validity of EIP in predicting both overall performance and the charisma of a presenter while presenting in a stressful situation. Results support the importance of acknowledging the role of emotion information processing in the emotional intelligence literature and point to the utility of introducing a new EI measure that would capture stable individual differences in how individuals process emotion information.

Is career guidance sending the right message about accounting work? Comparing accounting with competing professions

ABSTRACT Using U.S. Department of Labor O*NET occupation data, we test hypotheses, developed primarily from the occupational models upon which the American College Testing’s (ACT) Profile career guidance is based, to examine how accounting compares with three competing professions: engineering, medicine, and law. Awareness of the differences in views about the accounting profession between the Profile system and current workers in the field may be useful in improving efforts to educate, recruit, and retain future accounting professionals. Findings indicate that the Profile system underestimates accountants’ need for communication and interaction and analytical thinking abilities. Further, it overestimates their involvement in information processing and nonpersonal tasks. Additionally, we find that accounting is not an outlier profession; instead, it shares much in common with its competitors. Overall, results suggest that the leading occupational models, and the Profile system upon which they are based, may not provide a comprehensive picture of contemporary accounting work.

RECONFIGURABLE COMPUTING MODULAR SYSTEM

Context. Modern general purpose computers are capable of implementing any algorithm, but when solving certain problems in terms of processing speed they cannot compete with specialized computing modules. Specialized devices have high performance, effectively solve the problems of processing arrays, artificial intelligence tasks, and are used as control devices. The use of specialized microprocessor modules that implement the processing of character strings, logical and numerical values, represented as integers and real numbers, makes it possible to increase the speed of performing arithmetic operations by using parallelism in data processing.
 Objective. To develop principles for constructing microprocessor modules for a modular computing system with a reconfigurable structure, an arithmetic-symbolic processor, specialized computing devices, switching systems capable of configuring microprocessors and specialized computing modules into a multi-pipeline structure to increase the speed of performing arithmetic and logical operations, high-speed design algorithms specialized processors-accelerators of symbol processing. To develop algorithms, structural and functional diagrams of specialized mathematical modules that perform arithmetic operations in direct codes on neural-like elements and systems for decentralized control of the operation of blocks.
 Method. An information graph of the computational process of a modular system with a reconstructed structure has been built. Structural and functional diagrams, algorithms that implement the construction of specialized modules for performing arithmetic and logical operations, search operations and functions for replacing occurrences in processed words have been developed. Software has been developed for simulating the operation of an arithmetic-symbolic processor, specialized computing modules, and switching systems.
 Results. A block diagram of a reconfigurable computing modular system has been developed, which consists of compatible functional modules, it is capable of static and dynamic reconfiguration, has a parallel structure for connecting the processor and computing modules through the use of interface channels. The system consists of an arithmetic-symbolic processor, specialized computing modules and switching systems, performs specific tasks of symbolic information processing, arithmetic and logical operations.
 Conclusions. The architecture of reconfigurable computing systems can change dynamically during their operation. It becomes possible to adapt the architecture of a computing system to the structure of the problem being solved, to create problem-oriented computers, the structure of which corresponds to the structure of the problem being solved. As the main computing element in reconfigurable computing systems, not universal microprocessors are used, but programmable logic integrated circuits, which are combined using high-speed interfaces into a single computing field. Reconfigurable multipipeline computing systems based on fields are an effective tool for solving streaming information processing and control problems.

Methods and algorithms for the synthesis of technologies and programs for control-ling the reconfiguration of on-board systems of small-sized spacecrafts

. In modern conditions, in the field of the creation and use of existing and advanced space vehicles (SV), the issues of autonomy and survivability acquire particular relevance in the development and operation of small-mass spacecraft (SMS) for Earth remote sensing (ERS).
 The specificity of the small spacecraft lies in the fact that it is difficult to directly apply to the process of their creation the standard practice of using the system for ensuring the reliability of the rocket and space industry due to the lack of the ability to provide full structural redundancy of its onboard systems (OBS) associated with mass-dimensional and other restrictions. In this case, the tasks of developing model-algorithmic methods and approaches to ensuring the required level of indicators of structural reliability, survivability and, in general, the effectiveness of the functioning of the MCA OBS become of particular relevance.
 The problem of increasing the level of indicators of autonomy, survivability, efficiency of functioning of complex technical objects (CTO), which, in particular, SMS belong, is considered in the scientific literature in conjunction with solving problems of control, assessment and technical diagnostics of the state of the CTO reconfiguration (structural, functional, structural-functional reconfiguration) of CTO structures, management of its reserves, alternative and multi-mode control, analysis of fault tolerance and disaster recovery of CTO. However, all of these studies are fragmented, both at the methodological and methodological and technological levels.
 The article provides a generalized description of the combined methods and algorithms developed by the authors for solving the problems of synthesis of technologies and programs for controlling the OS reconfiguration to increase the survivability of the SMS. At the same time, these tasks are solved not in isolation, but in a comprehensive manner within the framework of the general problem of proactive management of the structural dynamics of SMS with or without the use of GCC tools, which ensures the efficiency, validity, completeness, isolation and consistency of synthesized management decisions. The novelty of the approach proposed in the article is that its authors, based on the concepts of integrated (system) modeling, proactive control of the structural dynamics of the OS SMS, as well as the intellectualization of the processes of proactive control of the OS SMS, developed methods and algorithms for the synthesis of technologies and programs. Control of the reconfiguration of the MCS BS, providing, firstly, the situational choice of the optimal sequence of operations and the allocation of SMS resources with and without the use of GCC facilities, and, secondly, effective parrying not only of the calculated ones, but also off-design emergency flight situations (EFS), as well as the operational restoration of the operability of its OS. The constructiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated by the example of solving the problem of flexible redistribution of information processing tasks between the OS SMS and the SMS GCC.

Analysis of necessary and sufficient conditions for quantum teleportation with non-Gaussian resources

Recent theoretical and experimental advances have demonstrated advantages of using non-Gaussian optical resources compared to the Gaussian ones in the context of quantum teleportation (QT), an important quantum information processing task. From both theoretical and experimental points of view the question of which attributes of the resources, besides entanglement, render them useful for QT is an important one. In this paper, we examine the question of whether two well-studied attributes of optical resources, viz., squeezed vacuum affinity (SVA) and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) correlation are necessary and/or sufficient for QT. The specific class of non-Gaussian resources that we have considered for this purpose are the two-mode entangled states generated by mixing nonclassical inputs with vacuum at the beam splitter (BS). Our analytical results show that SVA is not always nonzero and hence it cannot be considered to be a genuine attribute. Our numerical results show that there exist some BS-generated entangled states that do not give QT in spite of being EPR correlated, implying that EPR correlation is not sufficient for QT. In conjunction with the earlier observation in the literature to the effect that EPR correlation is not necessary for QT, our results lead to the conclusion that in general, EPR correlation is neither necessary nor sufficient for QT. Our results leave the question open as to what attributes, in general, may be necessary and/or sufficient for QT.

Quantum Metamaterial for Broadband Detection of Single Microwave Photons

Detecting traveling photons is an essential primitive for many quantum information processing tasks. We introduce a single-photon detector design operating in the microwave domain, based on a weakly nonlinear metamaterial where the nonlinearity is provided by a large number of Josephson junctions. The combination of weak nonlinearity and large spatial extent circumvents well-known obstacles limiting approaches based on a localized Kerr medium. Using numerical many-body simulations we show that the single-photon detection fidelity increases with the length of the metamaterial to approach one at experimentally realistic lengths. A remarkable feature of the detector is that the metamaterial approach allows for a large detection bandwidth. In stark contrast to conventional photon detectors operating in the optical domain, the photon is not destroyed by the detection and the photon wavepacket is minimally disturbed. The detector design we introduce offers new possibilities for quantum information processing, quantum optics and metrology in the microwave frequency domain.

Quantum state transmission through a spin chain in finite-temperature heat baths

Transmission of a quantum state is essential for performing quantum information processing tasks. The communication channel will be inevitably immersed in its surrounding environment under realistic conditions. In this paper, we investigate the influence of environment noise on the transmission fidelity when transferring a quantum state through a spin chain. The non-Markovian open system dynamics is systematically analyzed by using the quantum state diffusion equation method. With each spin immersed in its own finite temperature and non-Markovian heat bath, we consider three types of system–bath interaction: dephasing, dissipation and spin-boson. The transmission fidelity is found to decrease with the increasing bath temperature and system–bath coupling strength. Interestingly, we find that the bath non-Markovianity can help enhancing the transmission fidelity.

Interference as an information-theoretic game

The double slit experiment provides a clear demarcation between classical and quantum theory, while multi-slit experiments demarcate quantum and higher-order interference theories. In this work we show that these experiments pertain to a broader class of processes, which can be formulated as information-processing tasks, providing a clear cut between classical, quantum and higher-order theories. The tasks involve two parties and communication between them with the goal of winning certain parity games. We show that the order of interference is in one-to-one correspondence with the parity order of these games. Furthermore, we prove the order of interference to be additive under composition of systems both in classical and quantum theory. The latter result can be used as a (semi)device-independent witness of the number of particles in the quantum setting. Finally, we extend our game formulation within the generalized probabilistic framework and prove that tomographic locality implies the additivity of the order of interference under composition. These results shed light on the operational meaning of the order of interference and can be important for the identification of the information-theoretic principles behind second-order interference in quantum theory.

Attention and sensory integration for postural control in young adults with autism spectrum disorders.

Postural control impairments have been reported in adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Balance relies on the integration of multisensory cues, a process that requires attention. The purpose of this study was to determine if the influence of attention demands on sensory integration abilities relevant for balance partially contributes to postural control impairments in ASD. Young adults with ASD (N = 24) and neurotypical participants (N = 24) were exposed to sensory perturbations during standing. An established dual-task paradigm was used, requiring participants to maintain balance in these sensory challenging environments and to perform auditory information processing tasks (simple reaction time task and choice reaction time task). Balance was assessed using sway magnitude and sway speed, and attention demands were evaluated based on the response time in the auditory tasks. While young adults with ASD were able to maintain balance in destabilizing sensory conditions, they were more challenged (greater sway speed) than their neurotypical counterparts. Additionally, when exposed for an extended amount of time (3min) to the most challenging sensory condition included in this study, adults with ASD exhibited a reduced ability to adapt their postural control strategies (sway speed was minimally reduced), demonstrating a postural inflexibility pattern in ASD compared to neurotypical counterparts. Finally, the impact of performing an auditory information processing task on balance and the dual-task cost on information processing (response time) was similar in both groups. ASD may disrupt temporal adaptive postural control processes associated with sensory reweighting that occurs in neurotypicals.

Distributed geometric quantum computation based on the optimized-control-technique in a cavity-atom system via exchanging virtual photons

We propose a scheme for quantum geometric computation on a fiber-cavity-fiber system, in which two atoms are located in two single-mode cavities, respectively, connected with each other by optical fiber. This scheme not only has the feature of virtual excitation of photons in the cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) that can reduce the effect of decay effectively but also has the advantage of geometric phase to withstand noises due to its built-in noise-resilience feature and robust merit. Specifically, our proposal combined with optimized-control-technology (OCT) can reduce gate operation error by adjusting the time-dependent amplitude and phase of the resonant field which further enhances the robustness of the quantum operation. The robustness against decoherence is demonstrated numerically and the scheme may be applied in the remote quantum information processing tasks and quantum computation.

Universally Optimal Verification of Entangled States with Nondemolition Measurements

The efficient and reliable characterization of quantum states plays a vital role in most, if not all, quantum information processing tasks. In this work, we present a universally optimal protocol for verifying entangled states by employing the so-called quantum nondemolition measurements, such that the verification efficiency is equivalent to that of the optimal global strategy. Instead of being probabilistic as the standard verification strategies, our protocol is constructed sequentially, which is thus more favorable for experimental realizations. In addition, the target states are preserved in the protocol after each measurement, so can be reused in any subsequent tasks. We demonstrate the power of our protocol for the optimal verification of Bell states, arbitrary two-qubit pure states, and stabilizer states. We also prove that our protocol is able to perform tasks including fidelity estimation and state preparation.

Ququats as superposition of coherent states and their application in quantum information processing

Superposition of optical coherent states (SCS) [Formula: see text], possessing opposite phases, plays an important role as qubits in quantum information processing tasks like quantum computation, teleportation, key distribution, etc. and are of fundamental importance in testing quantum mechanics. Passage of such SCS from a 50:50 beam splitter leads to generation of entangled coherent states. Recently, ququats and qutrits defined in four- and three-dimensional Hilbert space, respectively, have attracted much attention as they offer advantage in secure quantum communication. However, practical utilization of these advantages essentially requires physical realization of quantum optical ququats and qutrits. Here, we define four new multi-photonic states (MPS) with [Formula: see text] (here, [Formula: see text] or 3 and [Formula: see text]) numbers of photon and show how the SCS can be used to encode ququat using these MPS as basis vectors of a four-dimensional Hilbert space. When these MPS fall upon a 50:50 beam splitter, the resulting states are bipartite four-component entangled coherent states (BFECS) equivalently representing the entangled ququats. We briefly discuss the photon statistical properties of such MPS and BFECS. We show that these MPS and BFECS can be synthesized using even coherent states as input to an interferometer. We give a simple linear optical protocol for almost perfect teleportation of a ququat encoded in SCS with the aid of BFECS as quantum channel. We also describe how these ququats can be used for realization of higher-dimensional BB84 protocol to increase the security of quantum key distribution. Finally, we discuss the possible advantages of using SCS as ququats and BFECS as quantum channel in different quantum information processing tasks.

Entanglement formation in continuous-variable random quantum networks

Entanglement is not only important for understanding the fundamental properties of many-body systems, but also the crucial resource enabling quantum advantages in practical information processing tasks. Although previous works on quantum networks focus on discrete-variable systems, light—as the only traveling carrier of quantum information in a network—is bosonic and thus requires a continuous-variable description. We extend the study to continuous-variable quantum networks. By mapping the ensemble-averaged entanglement dynamics on an arbitrary network to a random-walk process on a graph, we are able to exactly solve the entanglement dynamics. We identify squeezing as the source of entanglement generation, which triggers a diffusive spread of entanglement with a "parabolic light cone”. A surprising linear superposition law in the entanglement growth is predicted by the theory and numerically verified, despite the nonlinear nature of the entanglement dynamics. The equilibrium entanglement distribution (Page curves) is exactly solved and has various shapes depending on the average squeezing density and strength.