Assistive Tasks Research Articles

Potential Applications and Safety of Large Language Models in Healthcare

This study explores the potential applications and associated safety concerns of large language models in healthcare. It particularly highlights the multifaceted applications of large language models (e.g., ChatGPT, MedLM) in healthcare, including data analysis, diagnostics, information retrieval, usage of medical devices, and assistance in tasks. Concurrently, it underscores the risks present alongside these applications, especially concerning data privacy. The study emphasizes the necessity of data privacy protection throughout the entire cycle. By reviewing policies from various countries, it outlines the critical role of refined policies and a clear governmental stance in advancing the application of large language models in healthcare and ensuring their safety.

Analisis Kinerja Lurah terhadap Pembangunan Daerah dan Otonomi Daerah di Kelurahan Binaraga, Kecamatan Rantau Utara, Kabupaten Labuhanbatu

The purpose of this research was to describe how the ward Binaraga , Rantau Utara Subdistrict, Labuhan Batu regency carries out the duties as outlined in government regulation Number 73 of 2005 concerning sub-districts related to tasks that should be carried out by the government, namely (a). implementation of sub-district government activities; (b). community empowerment; (c). Community service; (d). implementation of peace and general agreement; (e). maintenance of public service infrastructure and facilities; and (P). This research uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques of interviews, observation, document review. The object studied is the performance of the village head towards regional development and regional autonomy. Based on this research, the task that has been fully carried out effectively is the community service task in the area of ​​improving stabilizer infrastructure. Meanwhile, the assistance tasks are the same, but the PKH and BLT programs have not been fully implemented fairly, where when the assistance is distributed there is still a wrong target

Management Evaluation of Regional Government Implementation Report (LPPD) in Waropen Regency, Papua Province in 2022

This study aims to evaluate the management of the preparation of the Regional Government Implementation Report in Waropen Regency, Papua Province in 2022. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. The data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, and literature studies. Local governments have special rights and authorities to regulate and manage their own government affairs in the regions through the principles of regional autonomy and assistance tasks given by the central government. Local governments need to report on governance based on the Regional Development Work Plan (RKPD). The results of the study stated that the lack of communication and coordination between the leaders of the Regional Apparatus Organization (OPD) and the Regional Secretariat caused a lack of synchronization in the context of collecting data and information on Key Performance Indicators (KPI) between performance and reality in the field of public services. The low accountability of human resources that led to the results of PAD in 2022 which contributed 0.46% of the total realization of regional revenue.

Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Asistensi Berbasis Website Menggunakan Teknologi MERN Stack

The STMIK Amikom Surakarta Assistant Forum is a forum under the UPT STMIK Amikom Surakarta which aims to assist the system of teaching and learning activities in STMIK Amikom Surakarta lectures. In the process of assistance activities taking place, assistants have several problems such as filling out attendance papers that use paper as evidence for attendance that has carried out assistance tasks, then in the process of recapitulating the treasurer's attendance as financial administrators must collect proof papers on each assistant making less effective, and lastly during the scheduling process that uses Excel as a scheduler tool, and will later be shared through groups, this creates a lack of schedule synchronization if at any time there is an updated schedule. Because of this problem the author aims to solve these problems by creating an information system that can perform attendance, recapitulation, and scheduling without using paper and efficiently. The researcher in this research process uses the RAD (Rapid Application Development) method because this method is fast and efficient in the development process. In the manufacturing process, researchers use MERN Stack technology.

The highs and lows of lifting loads: SPM analysis of multi-segmental spine angles in healthy adults during manual handling with increased load

Introduction: Manual handling personnel and those performing manual handling tasks in non-traditional manual handling industries continue to suffer debilitating and costly workplace injuries. Smart assistive devices are one solution to reducing musculoskeletal back injuries. Devices that provide targeted assistance need to be able to predict when and where to provide augmentation via predictive algorithms trained on functional datasets. The aim of this study was to describe how an increase in load impacts spine kinematics during a ground-to-platform manual handling task. Methods: Twenty-nine participants performed ground-to-platform lifts for six standardised loading conditions (50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% of maximum lift capacity). Six thoracic and lumbar spine segments were measured using inertial measurement units that were processed using an attitude-heading-reference filter and normalised to the duration of the lift. The lift was divided into four phases weight-acceptance, standing, lift-to-height and place-on-platform. Statistical significance of sagittal angles from the six spine segments were identified through statistical parametric mapping one-way analysis of variance with repeated measures and post hoc paired t-tests.Results: Two regions of interest were identified during a period of peak flexion and a period of peak extension. There was a significant increase in spine range of motion and peak extension angle for all spine segments when the load conditions were increased (p < 0.001). There was a decrease in spine angles (more flexion) during the weight acceptance to standing phase at the upper thoracic to upper lumbar spine segments for some condition comparisons. A significant increase in spine angles (more extension) during the place-on-platform phase was seen in all spine segments when comparing heavy loads (>80% maximum lift capacity, inclusive) to light loads (<80% maximum lift capacity) (p < 0.001).Discussion: The 50%–70% maximum lift capacity conditions being significantly different from heavier load conditions is representative that the kinematics of a lift do change consistently when a participant’s load is increased. The understanding of how changes in loading are reflected in spine angles could inform the design of targeted assistance devices that can predict where and when in a task assistance may be needed, possibly reducing instances of back injuries in manual handling personnel.

Theorizing the Real in Social Robot Care Technologies in Japan

Japanese care centers have seen an increasing reliance on robotic assistance in service and social-care tasks, which poses questions about ethics, governance, and caregiving practices. This article addresses the concept of robotics as a media technology, and the role of human agency in shaping imagination as an interpretive framework as it reflects on two specific points of debate; (1) whether the humanoid robot Pepper, deployed in an elder-care nursing home in Japan, has some form of agency in its interaction with a nursing home resident; and (2) whether appropriate anthropological debates about being (properly reframed with regard to difference) provide insight into the reality of robot care. Adapting an approach by anthropologist Boellstorff (2016), whose work focuses on the reality of virtual worlds, this article analyzes whether questions regarding the real of robot care are questions of being, i.e. of ontology. Conflating the interhuman with the real and the robotic with the unreal—or, in this case, conflating human care with the real (authentic) and robot care with the unreal (artificial)—can negatively affect our ability to discuss the reality of the robotic. The ontological turn can yield important insights, but its potential is lost if what is real is preassigned to the physical.

Soft Robotic Hand Exoskeleton with Enhanced PneuNet‐Type Pneumatic Actuators for Rehabilitation and Movement Assistance

This paper presents a new soft robotic hand exoskeleton for rehabilitation and movement assistance. The proposed device is based on a novel design of a PneuNet‐type pneumatic actuator; this novel actuator design allows larger bending motions while requiring less operating pressure; additionally, the actuator has an embedded sensor that allows an accurate trajectory tracking and control. The proposed design allows safe and controlled flexion movements for each one of the fingers, which is essential for effective rehabilitation and assistance tasks. The exoskeleton effectiveness was assessed by a physical therapist, and a modified version of the Sollerman test was used. Results obtained from the evaluation procedures provided insights into the exoskeleton performance and its efficacy. Preliminary conclusions are drawn based on the findings, and potential areas for further improvement are discussed. This research contributes to the development of an advanced soft robotic hand exoskeleton for rehabilitation and movement assistance, offering controlled flexion movements and improved functionality. This study demonstrates the potential of soft actuator technology in rehabilitation, presenting new possibilities for hand trauma recovery.

Perkembangan Pelaksanaan Urusan Pemerintahan Umum di Daerah: Studi terhadap Pelaksanaan Urusan Pembinaan Pancasila dan Wawasan Kebangsaan

General government affairs fall under the authority of the President as the head of Government, which in fact are carried out by Heads of the Region, one of which is the sub-affairs of developing the value Pancasila and the nationalism insight. This authority is in fact exercised by the Regional Government by establishing Regional Regulations (Perda). In fact, regional regulations are enacted in order to carry out government affairs which fall under regional authority, carry out regional autonomy and assistance tasks, and accommodate special regional conditions. This research examines two features, first, can the authority for general government affairs be divided between provinces and districts/cities? Second, how is the development of the implementation of authority for general government affairs in the regions? The research method used is normative juridical with a statutory and a conceptual approach. The results of this research are first, that although general government affairs are the authority of the President, their implementation is divided among the regions. The matter of fostering Pancasila and nationalism insight reaches all regions in Indonesia and is certainly not effective if it is only carried out by the President. Second, general government affairs which were originally carried out on the principle of deconcentration have developed towards decentralization. Strengthening the independence of Regional Governments in carrying out general government affairs is reason enough. Such as the formation of the Regional Regulation on Pancasila Education and National Insight which accommodates locality aspects and financing from the APBD. Regions in the implementation of general government affairs are ultimately not only administrative regions, but have become autonomous regions.

An Exosuit System With Bidirectional Hand Support for Bilateral Assistance Based on Dynamic Gesture Recognition.

Hand motor impairment has seriously affected the daily life of the elderly. We developed an electromyography (EMG) exosuit system with bidirectional hand support for bilateral coordination assistance based on a dynamic gesture recognition model using graph convolutional network (GCN) and long short-term memory network (LSTM). The system included a hardware subsystem and a software subsystem. The hardware subsystem included an exosuit jacket, a backpack module, an EMG recognition module, and a bidirectional support glove. The software subsystem based on the dynamic gesture recognition model was designed to identify dynamic and static gestures by extracting the spatio-temporal features of the patient's EMG signals and to control glove movement. The offline training experiment built the gesture recognition models for each subject and evaluated the feasibility of the recognition model; the online control experiments verified the effectiveness of the exosuit system. The experimental results showed that the proposed model achieve a gesture recognition rate of 96.42% ± 3.26 %, which is higher than the other three traditional recognition models. All subjects successfully completed two daily tasks within a short time and the success rate of bilateral coordination assistance are 88.75% and 86.88%. The exosuit system can effectively help patients by bidirectional hand support strategy for bilateral coordination assistance in daily tasks, and the proposed method can be applied to various limb assistance scenarios.

Smart Task Assistance Through Deep Learning-Based Visual Guidance in Asymmetric XR Remote Collaboration

Smart Task Assistance Through Deep Learning-Based Visual Guidance in Asymmetric XR Remote Collaboration

Enabling real-time adaptations for individualized customer experience in user-centered e-business applications

Optimized user experience and individualized task assistance are key factors for the success of e-business applications because they serve both, users, and service providers. In this paper we present an adaptation agent for observing and analyzing interactive behavior, emotional state and task-accomplishment of individual users while working with interactive e-business applications. The agent recognizes specific situations and can adapt the interactive application at runtime by co-operating with a model-based user interface development framework (MBUID) and by providing domain-specific guidance for the user. After introducing purpose, business context of our approach, and related work, the paper discusses the structure and functionality of the SitAdapt adaptation agent. The operation of the adaptation agent is demonstrated for a travel-booking platform that currently serves as a workbench for testing and evaluating our situation-analytic and emotion-triggered approach for creating highly competitive and individualized business applications.

OPTIMALISASI PERAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH DI BIDANG PELAYANAN KESEHATAN BERDASARKAN ASAS RESPONSIBILITAS

Regional Government is one of the elements of government that supports the implementation of regional government. To run regional government, it is carried out by optimizing the role of regional government, especially in the implementation of government affairs, both absolute government affairs, concurrent government affairs and mandatory government affairs. One of the government affairs in this article is related to health services which are part of concurrent government affairs. Concurrent government affairs are regional government affairs which are carried out based on the principle of regional autonomy by prioritizing the principles of decentralization, deconcentration and assistance tasks. It should be noted that in implementing regional autonomy, regional governments are obliged to prioritize services using the principles of good governance. In this case, the author is interested in discussing What are the legal regulations regarding health services as part of regional government affairs? And how to optimize the role of local government in the field of health services by prioritizing the principle of responsibility? Because as is known, based on the principle of responsibility, the government must comply with laws and regulations and carry out responsibilities towards society and the environment so that it can run well and the government can be managed well and correctly. In this research, the author uses a legal concept approach and a statutory regulations approach which will examine how regional governments implement the principle of responsibility in accordance with the provisions of statutory regulations and also regional policies based on the principle of regional autonomy.Keywords: Good Governance; Regional autonomy; Responsibility.

Designing A Mobile Web-Based Culinary Tourism of Information System in Pringsewu District

The rapid growth of information technology has significantly impacted various aspects of human life, offering immense importance and assistance in daily tasks. Information technology, with its swift and easy access to information, time and cost efficiency, and enhanced communication, has become an invaluable tool in numerous fields. In the culinary industry, leveraging information technology can elevate service quality, making operations more effective and efficient. This study focuses on the development of an information system for Nggruput Culinary Tourism in Pringsewu District. The research methodology adopufated for this project follows the waterfall model, ensuring a systematic and well-organized approach to the development of the Nggruput Culinary tourism information system. The implementation of this system is designed as a mobile web application, providing visitors with easy access to pertinent information about Nggruput Culinary Tourism. This mobile web-based approach aims to streamline marketing efforts for businesses and enhance public accessibility to comprehensive information about Nggruput Pringsewu Culinary. By employing a mobile web platform, the information system promises to offer a user-friendly interface for both businesses and the public, fostering efficient communication and interaction. The anticipated outcome is an improved marketing strategy for Nggruput Culinary Tourism, providing businesses with a competitive edge while ensuring that the public receives detailed and easily accessible information. This integration of information technology is poised to contribute positively to the advancement and effectiveness of Nggruput Culinary Tourism in Pringsewu District.

WHO’S ON YOUR TEAM? DEMENTIA FAMILY NETWORKS AND CAREGIVER WELL-BEING

Abstract While caregivers are typically enmeshed in broad networks of family and friends assisting with care, this network is largely neglected, in favor of examining a “primary” caregiver. This study examines types of family/unpaid friend networks for persons living with dementia and how one’s network type relates to caregiver well-being. Data are drawn from the nationally representative 2017 National Health and Aging Trends Study and associated National Study of Caregiving. The sample includes 336 dementia care networks (Network size mean=2.9). We first identified network types using Latent Class Analysis and then examined the extent to which network type is associated with outcomes of caregiver well-being (emotional difficulty, overload) and support (social/care-related support from family and friends) using ANOVA and linear regressions adjusting for caregiver demographics. The three network types identified were: “Specialists”- small networks with little task sharing between members (29.8% of networks), “Small but mighty”- small networks with high task sharing (23.0% of networks), and “Sharers”- large networks with diverse membership and members who share and who specialize in task assistance (47.2%). “Small but mighty” network membership was associated with significantly greater emotional difficulty of caregiving (F=4.0, p<.05) and marginally greater overload (F=2.8, p=.06) than “Specialist” and “Sharer” membership. However, in regressions, only social support significantly differed, with “Sharers” (B=-0.1, p<.01) and “Small but mighty” (B=-.2, p<.05) networks receiving significantly more support than “Specialists”. Networks with more task sharing may require more social support, yet smaller network size, while carrying complex caregiving responsibilities, may take a greater emotional toll.

Self-training based augmented reality for robust 3D object registration and task assistance

Typical augmented reality (AR) technologies superimpose virtual information onto the real environment for task guidance and assistance by tracking fiducial markers. However, these have narrow recognition ranges due to the markers, and it is difficult to track markers when occlusion occurs. Therefore, it is challenging to seamlessly register real objects in AR scenes captured by the camera without requiring fiducial markers. Deep learning–based approaches to 3D object registration and task assistance have recently indicated promising directions for superimposing 3D virtual objects onto corresponding real objects or their surroundings seamlessly. However, since supervised learning-based object registration requires many pose annotations on images for the locations and orientations of real objects, this process is a time-consuming and labor-intensive task. Thus, this paper proposes a new self-training based augmented reality method for seamless real object registration and task assistance without time-consuming pose annotations. As the industrial components or objects have their 3D geometric models, the proposed approach utilizes them as their synthetic data. The automatically generated synthetic dataset is used for training the deep learning model, which outputs a colored coordinate map of objects to be detected. 2D–3D key point matching between the 2D colored coordinate map and 3D colored coordinate model is then performed for 3D object registration in an AR environment. In particular, self-training is performed for fine-tuning the deep learning model by generating pseudo-labels with the highest probability for mask intersection over union (IoU) in the unlabeled real object dataset. We compared the proposed approach with previous studies to confirm its effectiveness and advantages. Also, we performed ablation studies by training a custom dataset based on various industrial 3D virtual models. Finally, we present AR-based task guidance and assistance, such as industrial robot manipulation.

Neural prosthesis control restores near-normative neuromechanics in standing postural control.

Current lower-limb prostheses do not provide active assistance in postural control tasks to maintain the user's balance, particularly in situations of perturbation. In this study, we aimed to address this missing function by enabling neural control of robotic lower-limb prostheses. Specifically, electromyographic (EMG) signals (amplified neural control signals) recorded from antagonistic residual ankle muscles were used to drive a robotic prosthetic ankle directly and continuously. Participants with transtibial amputation were recruited and trained in using the EMG-driven robotic ankle. We studied how using the EMG-controlled ankle affected the participants' anticipatory and compensatory postural control strategies and stability under expected perturbations compared with using their daily passive devices. We investigated the similarity of neuromuscular coordination (by analyzing motor modules) of the participants, using either device in a postural sway task, to that of able-bodied controls. Results showed that, compared with their passive prosthesis, the EMG-controlled prosthesis enabled participants to use near-normative postural control strategies, as evidenced by improved between-limb symmetry in intact-prosthetic center-of-pressure and joint angle excursions. Participants substantially improved postural stability, as evidenced by a reduction in steps or falls using the EMG-controlled prosthetic ankle. Furthermore, after relearning to use residual ankle muscles to drive the robotic ankle in postural control, nearly all participants' motor module structure shifted toward that observed in individuals without limb amputations. Here, we have demonstrated the potential benefit of direct EMG control of robotic lower limb prostheses to restore normative postural control strategies (both neural and biomechanical) toward enhancing standing postural stability in amputee users.

Self-Paced Hard Task-Example Mining for Few-Shot Classification

In recent years, researchers have commonly employed assistant tasks to enhance the training phase of the few-shot classification models. Several methods have been proposed to exploit and optimize the training tasks, such as Curriculum Learning (CL) and Hard Example Mining (HEM). However, most of the existing strategies can not elaborately leverage the training tasks and share some common drawbacks, including (1) the ignorance of the target tasks’ properties, and (2) the neglect of sample relationships. In this work, we propose a Self-Paced Hard tAsk-Example Mining (SP-HAEM) method to solve these problems. Specifically, the SP-HAEM automatically chooses hard examples via the similarity between training and target tasks to optimize the support set. To represent the property of target tasks, SP-HAEM obtains a representation of the dataset, called “meta-task”. No need to apply an additional model to measure difficulty and choose hard examples like other HEM methods, SP-HAEM selects the tasks with large optimal transport distance to the meta-task as hard tasks. Thus, training with such hard tasks can not only enhances the generalization ability of the model but also eliminate the negative effect of redundancy tasks. To evaluate the effectiveness of SP-HAEM, we conduct extensive experiments on a variety of datasets, including MiniImageNet, TieredImageNet, and FC100. The results of the experiments show that SP-HAEM can achieve higher accuracy compared with the typical few-shot classification models, e.g., Prototypical Network, MAML, FEAT, and MTL.

Video-Based Feedback for Collaborative Reflection among Mentors, University Tutors and Students

Using video technology to support individual and collaborative reflection in pre-service teacher education is an increasingly common practice. This paper explores the type of teaching practice challenges identified by the pre-service teachers and the feedback provided during analysis by school mentors and university tutors through the use of the VEO app to supervise a teaching practicum. Student teachers selected and uploaded a short clip of their dissatisfied interventions during the practicum to the app. Each student analyzed their clip and received online feedback from their school mentor and university tutor. The objectives were to analyze the challenges in the chosen video clips, identify which mentoring feedback episodes occurred, characterize them according to their feedback strategies and analyze differences between school mentors’ and university tutors’ feedback. We conducted a descriptive and exploratory study with a sample of 12 pre-service teachers, their school mentors and their university tutors. Pre-service teachers identified communication and the learning climate as frequent challenges. University tutors used more emotional feedback strategies and a greater range of task assistance feedback than school mentors. Three types of feedback episodes were identified (complementary, collaboration and school mentor-centered episodes). Implications in teacher learning and mentoring programs were discussed.

Human Factors Considerations for Quantifiable Human States in Physical Human-Robot Interaction: A Literature Review.

As the global population rapidly ages with longer life expectancy and declining birth rates, the need for healthcare services and caregivers for older adults is increasing. Current research envisions addressing this shortage by introducing domestic service robots to assist with daily activities. The successful integration of robots as domestic service providers in our lives requires them to possess efficient manipulation capabilities, provide effective physical assistance, and have adaptive control frameworks that enable them to develop social understanding during human-robot interaction. In this context, human factors, especially quantifiable ones, represent a necessary component. The objective of this paper is to conduct an unbiased review encompassing the studies on human factors studied in research involving physical interactions and strong manipulation capabilities. We identified the prevalent human factors in physical human-robot interaction (pHRI), noted the factors typically addressed together, and determined the frequently utilized assessment approaches. Additionally, we gathered and categorized proposed quantification approaches based on the measurable data for each human factor. We also formed a map of the common contexts and applications addressed in pHRI for a comprehensive understanding and easier navigation of the field. We found out that most of the studies in direct pHRI (when there is direct physical contact) focus on social behaviors with belief being the most commonly addressed human factor type. Task collaboration is moderately investigated, while physical assistance is rarely studied. In contrast, indirect pHRI studies (when the physical contact is mediated via a third item) often involve industrial settings, with physical ergonomics being the most frequently investigated human factor. More research is needed on the human factors in direct and indirect physical assistance applications, including studies that combine physical social behaviors with physical assistance tasks. We also found that while the predominant approach in most studies involves the use of questionnaires as the main method of quantification, there is a recent trend that seeks to address the quantification approaches based on measurable data.

ANALISIS PERENCANAAN PENGGUNAAN PAGU ANGGARAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN EFEKTIVITAS KEGIATAN DI BIDANG PARIWISATA PADA DINAS KEPEMUDAAN OLAHRAGA DAN PARIWISATA KOTA SUKABUMI

ABSTRAK
 Gia Kanias (2030615001) Planning Analysis on the Use of Budget Ceilings in Increasing the Effectiveness of Activities in the Tourism Sector at the Sukabumi City Sports and Tourism Youth Service.
 
 The Sukabumi City Youth, Sports and Tourism Office is an institution that plays a role in assisting the Mayor in carrying out government affairs in the Youth, Sports and Tourism Sector which are the regional authority and Assistant Tasks assigned to the Region. This study aims: (1) To explain how budget planning is passed down to SKPD. (2) To explain how the budget ceiling is used in the tourism sector for one year. (3) To explain how the effectiveness of budget planning in the field of tourism. This research method is descriptive qualitative, namely by going directly to the field which was carried out at the Sukabumi City DISPORAPAR. Data obtained by conducting observations, interviews and Documentation Studies. The steps taken for research purposes (1) conduct research on how the budget ceiling can fall to each SKPD/Dinas. (2) Conduct research on how budget ceilings are used in the tourism sector. (3) calculating effectiveness by looking at the data in the 2020-2021 Tourism Sector budget realization report.
 
 The results of the research conducted concluded that: (1) The process of preparing the regional income and expenditure budget in the Disporapar of Sukabumi City, especially the Tourism Sector, is all in accordance with Permendagri Number 21 of 2011. (2) The budget ceiling used in the tourism sector has followed the correct flow that has been determined by the head of planning and finance disporapar. (3) The implementation of the budget at the Disporapar City of Sukabumi for the 2020-2021 Fiscal Year has been effective. It was found that the percentage ratio for 2020 is 98% which can be said to be effective and for 2021 is 100% which can be said to be very effective. In the government, especially in the tourism sector, it has carried out a maximum effectiveness of 100% because if more than 100% it is considered a waste of the budget and inefficient.
 
 Keywords: Use of Budget Ceilings in Increasing the Effectiveness of Activities in the Tourism Sector at the Sukabumi City Youth, Sports and Tourism Office