Targeted Drug Delivery Systems Research Articles

Room temperature synthesis of β-cyclodextrin functionalized graphene oxide decorated MIL-100 (Fe): A sustainable drug cargo for anticancer drug delivery

Chemotherapy remains an extensively used cancer treatment method with the accessibility of various chemotherapeutic agents. However, its effectiveness is limited by the inability to distinguish between precipitously propagating normal cells and cancer cells, leading to severe side effects. Targeted drug delivery systems (DDS), utilizing advanced nanomaterials such as nanocarriers and natural/green chemotherapeutic agents like caffeic acid (CA), offer a promising solution to overcome these challenges and improve the sustainable consumption of chemotherapeutic agents. The current study presents a self-assembled, sustainable, and straightforward method for synthesizing CA nanocarriers using β-cyclodextrin conjugated graphene oxide (β-CD-GO)-functionalized Fe-based metal-organic frameworks ((β-CD-GO@MIL-100(Fe)), herein denoted as BGw-MF, through a hydrofluoric acid (HF)-free approach. The structural, functional, and morphological attributes of obtained nanocarriers were inspected through respective characterization methods. Furthermore, the CA loading efficiency (LE) was evaluated for the obtained BGw-MF nanocarriers with fixed drug concentrations, varied CA: nanocarrier ratio (w/w), and pH of the media. The results showed that BG0.5-MF had the highest LE, reaching 56.44 ± 2.25% for a 2 w/w ratio of CA in an alkaline environment (pH 9). Moreover, the CA release pattern of BG0.5-MF-CA was more controlled, with nearly 57.07 ± 2.01% release at pH 5 and 48.04 ± 1.44% at pH 7.4 over 8 days, which might enhance the therapeutic efficiency with higher release at tumor sites. The kinetics studies were subsequently conducted to evaluate the CA release characteristics of the BG0.5-MF nanocarrier. The nanocarrier followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model for CA release at pH 5. In-vitro cytotoxicity tests of BG0.5-MF-CA revealed significant toxicity to lung cancer cells (A549) and cell viability of 68 ± 2 %, with no evident toxicity induced to normal cells (HEK293) at 400 μg/mL dose. The findings of the present work emphasized the potential of BGw-MF nanocarriers obtained at room temperature for CA-based anticancer DDS. The high loading capacity of the nanocarriers combined with the sustainable release of the drug from the nanocomposite makes it suitable for drug delivery. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of the nanocomposite towards cancer cells establishes BG0.5-MF as a promising nanocarrier for anticancer DDS.

Biodegradable triboelectric nanogenerator as a implantable power source for embedded medicine devices

Implantable medical devices have played an important role in human medicine in recent decades. However, traditional implanted devices require battery replacement and a second surgery for device removal, which can cause pain to the patient. This work presents a biodegradable triboelectric nanogenerator (BI-TENG) made from both natural and synthetic biodegradable materials that is utilized to collect mechanical energy in vivo and transduce it into electricity. Reed film and polylactic acid were chosen among different biodegradable materials as the triboelectric layers due to having the best generator output performance by providing voltages that reached 368 V. The biocompatibility of the friction layer and the device was verified via a blood test. After implantation in mice, the BI-TENG exhibited an open-circuit voltage of 0.176 V and a short-circuit current of 192 nA as generated from body movement. The BI-TENG was connected to an interdigital electrode to generate an electric field, which stimulated the accelerated release of doxorubicin (DOX) from red blood cells in targeted drug delivery systems. After stopping the electric field, the release of DOX normalized, facilitating the precise killing of cancer cells. Our work demonstrates the broad potential of BI-TENGs in the field of cancer treatment.

Epigenetic Alterations in Alzheimer's Disease: Impact on Insulin Signaling and Advanced Drug Delivery Systems.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition that predominantly affects the hippocampus and the entorhinal complex, leading to memory lapse and cognitive impairment. This can have a negative impact on an individual's behavior, speech, and ability to navigate their surroundings. AD is one of the principal causes of dementia. One of the most accepted theories in AD, the amyloid β (Aβ) hypothesis, assumes that the buildup of the peptide Aβ is the root cause of AD. Impaired insulin signaling in the periphery and central nervous system has been considered to have an effect on the pathophysiology of AD. Further, researchers have shifted their focus to epigenetic mechanisms that are responsible for dysregulating major biochemical pathways and intracellular signaling processes responsible for directly or indirectly causing AD. The prime epigenetic mechanisms encompass DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA, and are majorly responsible for impairing insulin signaling both centrally and peripherally, thus leading to AD. In this review, we provide insights into the major epigenetic mechanisms involved in causing AD, such as DNA methylation and histone deacetylation. We decipher how the mechanisms alter peripheral insulin signaling and brain insulin signaling, leading to AD pathophysiology. In addition, this review also discusses the need for newer drug delivery systems for the targeted delivery of epigenetic drugs and explores targeted drug delivery systems such as nanoparticles, vesicular systems, networks, and other nano formulations in AD. Further, this review also sheds light on the future approaches used for epigenetic drug delivery.

Precision targeting in hepatocellular carcinoma: Exploring ligand-receptor mediated nanotherapy.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and poses a major challenge to global health due to its high morbidity and mortality. Conventional chemotherapy is usually targeted to patients with intermediate to advanced stages, but it is often ineffective and suffers from problems such as multidrug resistance, rapid drug clearance, nonspecific targeting, high side effects, and low drug accumulation in tumor cells. In response to these limitations, recent advances in nanoparticle-mediated targeted drug delivery technologies have emerged as breakthrough approaches for the treatment of HCC. This review focuses on recent advances in nanoparticle-based targeted drug delivery systems, with special attention to various receptors overexpressed on HCC cells. These receptors are key to enhancing the specificity and efficacy of nanoparticle delivery and represent a new paradigm for actively targeting and combating HCC. We comprehensively summarize the current understanding of these receptors, their role in nanoparticle targeting, and the impact of such targeted therapies on HCC. By gaining a deeper understanding of the receptor-mediated mechanisms of these innovative therapies, more effective and precise treatment of HCC can be achieved.

Ag-doped NiS nanocubes: Tailoring properties for optimal antibacterial performance

This study explores the synthesis of silver-doped nickel sulfide nano-cubes (Ni1-xAgxS: x= 0.00, 0.04, and 0.08) through a cost-effective hydrothermal process. X-ray diffraction analysis assured the presence of hexagonal NiS nanoparticles with fine crystallinity, with an estimated crystallite size of Ag-doped NiS ranges from 21.19 to 15.69 nm. A reduction in crystallite size was observed while including Ag ions along with enhancement in lattice constants for ‘a’ and ‘b’ from 3.416 Å to 3.424 Å and ‘c’ from 5.280 to 5.286 Å. The scanning electron microscopic images displayed cubic shaped agglomerated particles, that seemed quite suitable for antibacterial activity. The materials exhibit semiconducting behavior, as evidenced by increased direct current electrical conductivity with the rise in temperature. With increased silver content, the direct current electrical conductivity rises, and activation energy decreases from 0.246 to 0.213 eV. Dielectric characteristics, including dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and AC electrical conductivity, show a positive correlation with temperature, and all the aforementioned values elevates with systematic variation in Ag doping. The Agar well-diffusion method evaluates the antibacterial activity of un-doped and Ag-doped NiS nano-cubes against various pathogens, such as Gram-positive bacteria (M. luteus and S. aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli and S. enterica), and significant inhibitory zones against all tested microbes, confirming the potential antibacterial efficacy. The Ag-doped NiS exhibited enhanced antibacterial efficiency. This research highlights Ag-doped NiS nano-cubes attributed with multifaceted functionalities, making them promising candidates for particular usage such as targeted drug delivery systems, antibacterial powder, wastewater treatment and pharmaceutical applications.

The investigation on sialic acid-modified pectin nanoparticles loaded with oxymatrine for orally targeting and inhibiting the of ulcerative colitis

The aim of the study was to develop an oral targeting drug delivery system (OTDDS) of oxymatrine (OMT) to effectively treat ulcerative colitis (UC). The OTDDS of OMT (OMT/SA-NPs) was constructed with OMT, pectin, Ca2+, chitosan (CS) and sialic acid (SA). The obtained particles were characterized in terms of particle size, zeta potential, morphology, drug loading, encapsulation efficiency, drug release and stability. The average size of OMT/SA-NPs was 255.0 nm with a zeta potential of −12.4 mV. The loading content and encapsulation efficiency of OMT/SA-NPs were 14.65% and 84.83%, respectively. The particle size of OMT/SA-NPs changed slightly in the gastrointestinal tract. The nanoparticles can delivery most of the drug to the colon region. In vitro cell experiments showed that the SA-NPs had excellent biocompatibility and anti-inflammation, and the uptake of SA-NPs by RAW 264.7 cells was time and concentration-dependent. The conjugated SA can help the internalization of NPs into target cells. In vivo experiments showed that OMT/SA-NPs had a superior anti-inflammation effect and the effect of reducing UC, which was attributed to the delivery most of OMT to the colonic lumen, the specific targeting and retention in colitis site and the combined anti-inflammation of OMT and NPs.

Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: A Novel Platform in the Formulation of Targeted Drug Delivery Systems

Background:: Lipid-based formulations, such as Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), have been thoroughly studied as drug delivery platforms. NLCs are binary systems composed of both solid and liquid lipids that aim to produce a lipidic core that is less ordered. Components of NLCs particularly influence the physicochemical characteristics and efficacy of the final product. Morphology: They contain a solid matrix at room temperature and are thought to be superior to many other conventional lipids-based nanocarriers, such as solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), nanoemulsions, and liposomes because of their improved stability, drug loading capacity, good biocompatibility, enhanced permeability, bioavailability, extended half-life, fewer side effects, tissue- specific delivery and also a wide range of potential applications. Significance: NLCs have multiple applications in the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics due to their ease of preparation, the feasibility of scale-up, non-toxicity, improved targeting efficiency, and potential for site-specific delivery via various routes of administration. Scope of Review:: This review enlightens about the most recent developments of NLCs as a drug delivery system, types of NLCs, current techniques to prepare NLCs, and characterization techniques that are essential for the development of safe, effective and stable formulation. It also highlights the potential of using NLCs for various administration routes and recent developments in pharmaceutical applications with successful outcomes. Conclusion:: This review also provides great insight into formulation considerations using design experts and modification strategies for improved targeting. On the whole, NLCs are broadly explored and preferred lipid nanocarrier systems with several advantages.

Study on preparation of Fe₃O₄@lapatinib nanoparticles for application as a targeted drug delivery system in the treatment of breast cancer

Systems for targeted drug delivery in the treatment of cancer using nanoparticles are currently of interest to many domestic and foreign scientists. In this work, for application as a target drug delivery system in the treatment of breast cancer Fe3O4@lapatinib nanoparticles were prepared by coprecipitation of solutions of Fe2+ and Fe3+ salts in alkaline, followed by purification in a magnetic separation system. Physicochemical properties of nanoparticles were studied and determined by XRD, TEM, DLS, HPLC, VSM, AAS and zeta potential methods. The results showed that the size of Fe3O4@lapatinib nanoparticles is in the range of 10 to 40 nm, hydrodynamic diameter is 27.4 ± 0.6 nm, saturation magnetization is 39.1 ± 3.1 emu/g, Fe content is 16.35 ± 0.97 mg/ml, lapatinib content is 8.08 ± 0.06 mg/ml, and the zeta potential is -16.2 ± 1.3 mV. Thus, the obtained Fe3O4@lapatinib nanoparticles are fully suitable for targeted drug delivery in the breast cance treatment

Nose to brain delivery of mirtazapine via lipid nanocapsules: Preparation, statistical optimization, radiolabeling, in vivo biodistribution and pharmacokinetic study

Mirtazapine (MZPc) is an antidepressant drug which is approved by the FDA. It has low bioavailability, which is only 50%, in spite of its rapid absorption when orally administered owing to high first-pass metabolism. This study was oriented towards delivering intranasal (IN) mirtazapine by a direct route to the brain by means of preparing lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) as a targeted drug delivery system. MZP-LNCs were constructed by solvent-free phase inversion temperature technique applying D-Optimal mixture design to study the impact of 3 formulation variables on the characterization of the formulated nanocapsules. Independent variables were percentage of Labrafac oil, percentage of Solutol and percentage of water. Dependent variables were particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), Zeta potential and solubilization capacity. Nanocapsules of the optimized formula loaded with MZP were of spherical shape as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy with particle diameter of 20.59 nm, zeta potential of − 5.71, PDI of 0.223 and solubilization capacity of 7.21 mg/g. The in vivo pharmacokinetic behavior of intranasal MZP-LNCs in brain and blood was correlated to MZP solution after intravenous (IV) and intranasal administration in mice. In vivo biodistribution of the drug in mice was assessed by a radiolabeling technique using radioiodinated mirtazapine (131I-MZP). Results showed that intranasal MZP-LNCs were able to deliver higher amount of MZP to the brain with less drug levels in blood when compared to the MZP solution after IV and IN administration. Moreover, the percentage of drug targeting efficiency (%DTE) of the optimized MZP-LNCs was 332.2 which indicated more effective brain targeting by the intranasal route. It also had a direct transport percentage (%DTP) of 90.68 that revealed a paramount contribution of the nose to brain pathway in the drug delivery to the brain.Graphical

Advanced Targeted Drug Delivery of Bioactive Nanomaterials in the Management of Cancer.

Cancer is defined as the unchecked expansion of aberrant cells. Radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery are currently used in combination to treat cancer. Traditional drug delivery techniques kill healthy proliferating cells when used over prolonged periods of time in cancer chemotherapy. Due to the fact that the majority of tumor cells do not infiltrate right away, this is particularly true when treating solid tumors. A targeted drug delivery system (TDDS) is a tool that distributes medication to a selected bioactive location in a controlled manner. Nanotechnology-based delivery techniques are having a substantial impact on cancer treatment, and polymers are essential for making nanoparticulate carriers for cancer therapy. The advantages of nanotherapeutic drug delivery systems (NDDS) in terms of technology include longer half-life, improved biodistribution, longer drug circulation time, regulated and sustained drug release, flexibility in drug administration method, higher drug intercellular concentration, and others. The benefits and drawbacks of cancer nanomedicines, such as polymer-drug conjugates, micelles, dendrimers, immunoconjugates, liposomes, and nanoparticles, are discussed in this work, along with the most recent findings on polymer-based anticancer drugs.

Aptamers based targeted drug delivery system: A newer trend in cancer treatment therapy

The investigation of targeted drug delivery systems as a way to improve therapeutic efficacy while minimizing adverse effects is a result of the development of novel cancer treatment strategies. This subject explores the exciting field of aptamer-based targeted drug delivery systems for the treatment of cancer. Short single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules called aptamers have a remarkable capacity to bind to particular target molecules with high specificity and affinity. Aptamers have drawn attention as excellent possibilities for creating targeted drug delivery systems by taking use of their special characteristic. The applications, choice, and modification of aptamers to precisely identify cancer-associated biomarkers, such as receptors overexpressed on cancer cells, are covered in detail in this topic. Additionally, it emphasizes various techniques for aptamer-drug conjugation optimization which ensure effective carrier delivery and regulated drug release inside the tumor microenvironment. It is investigated if aptamer-based systems have the ability to overcome problems such drug resistance, heterogeneity, and insufficient drug penetration within solid tumors.In conclusion, this article illuminates how aptamer-based targeted drug delivery systems have transformed the world of cancer treatment. It advances knowledge of these systems and their potential to transform cancer treatment by providing insights into design principles, delivery systems, and therapeutic results.

Niosomes : Novel Drug Delivery Systems

The administration of medications to specific targets with minimal affinity to other organs is a challenge during the treatment of disease conditions. Novel drug delivery systems enable localization of drugs to their site of action. These targeted drug delivery systems use various carriers, such as serum proteins, liposomes, synthetic polymers, and microspheres. Niosomes are a type of drug delivery system that has a bilayer structure made of non-ionic surfactants. Niosomes are amphiphilic; hence, they can encapsulate both lipophilic and lipophobic drugs and increase their bioavailability. Current work describes the structure, various methods of preparation and applications of niosomes.

A pH/GSH Dual‐Responsive, Folic Acid Targeted Drug Delivery System Based on Bovine Serum Albumin Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy

AbstractBovine serum albumin, based on its low toxicity and excellent biocompatibility, has great potential as a carrier for drug delivery systems. In this context, a pH/GSH dual‐responsive drug delivery system (ICG/DOX@Fe‐BSA‐FA nanoparticles) based on Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is constructed for tumor‐targeted multimodal therapy. In this study, doxorubicin (DOX) and indocyanine green (ICG) are co‐loaded after Fe3+ is coordinated with BSA, and the system is finally grafted with the targeted molecule Folic acid. DOX is used in chemotherapy, ICG is used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), and Fe3+ mainly provided sufficient raw material for the Fenton‐like reaction. The ability of ICG/DOX@Fe‐BSA‐FA (ID@FBF) nanoparticles to combine chemotherapy with CDT/PDT/PTT is demonstrated by several physical characterization. In vitro cell uptake assay and in vitro cytotoxicity assay demonstrated the excellent ability of ID@FBF to target 4T1 cells and kill tumor cells with the IC50 value of 0.75 µg mL−1. Therefore, chemotherapy combined with CDT/PDT/PTT therapy may result in satisfactory efficacy via ID@FBF, a potentially powerful and highly effective nanosystem.

A DFT approach towards therapeutic potential of Novel borospherene as targeted drug delivery system for isoniazid drug

The present work evaluates pristine and amino acid-functionalised C4B32 borospherenes for drug delivery purposes based on density functional theory (DFT). C atoms were doped on B 36 − 4 clusters to develop C4B32 borospherenes, and C4B32 clusters in pristine and alanine-modified forms have shown significant drug delivery performance. This study sought to evaluate the interactions of both pristine and alanine-modified C4B32 with isoniazid drug (IS) based on DFT calculations. The amino acid modification expectedly enabled biodrug carrier functionality and enhanced the adsorption of IS onto C4B32. The UV-Visible (UV-Vis) analysis revealed a redshift upon the adsorption of IS. It was concluded that alanine-modified C4B32 clusters could serve as a promising drug carrier.

Different Targeting Ligands-Mediated Drug Delivery Systems for Tumor Therapy.

Traditional tumor treatments have the drawback of harming both tumor cells and normal cells, leading to significant systemic toxic side effects. As a result, there is a pressing need for targeted drug delivery methods that can specifically target cells or tissues. Currently, researchers have made significant progress in developing targeted drug delivery systems for tumor therapy using various targeting ligands. This review aims to summarize recent advancements in targeted drug delivery systems for tumor therapy, focusing on different targeting ligands such as folic acid, carbohydrates, peptides, aptamers, and antibodies. The review also discusses the advantages, challenges, and future prospects of these targeted drug delivery systems.

Anti-cancer Potential of Phytoflavonoidal Drugs against Gynecological Cancer

Background: Flavonoids, one of the major bioactive constituents of herbal drugs, have been scientifically reported to possess diverse therapeutic potentials such as anticancer, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antioxidant, etc. This manuscript enlightens the anticancer potential of traditional herbal flavonoids in gynecological cancer i.e., is one of the major life-threats in women. Objective: This manuscript is aimed at an insightful compilation of scientific substantiations of herbal flavonoids in gynecological cancer along with targeted drug delivery systems for the same. Materials and Methods: The contents and data represented in the article have been reviewed using institutional libraries and online database resources (available in the public domain) such as PubMed, Science-Direct, Web of Science, American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists, Google Scholar, Hinari, SciFinder, Research Gate, etc. Results: Flavonoids are natural compounds and have potential against cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancer. In-vitro and in-vivo experiments have demonstrated the significant potential of flavonoids in gynecological cancer, especially cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancer. It was reported from in-vitro experimentations that targeted drug delivery system improves the anticancer effect of flavonoids. Conclusion: Phytoflavonoids have the potential to prevent gynecological cancer by induction of apoptosis cell cycle arrest and reactive oxygen species generation. Further studies on the drug delivery system of flavonoids are warranted.

Detailed investigation of the binding abilities of the heterodomain of a multiHis cyclopeptide toward Cu(II) ions.

Cyclopeptides hold significant relevance in various fields of science and medicine, due to their unique structural properties and diverse biological activities. Cyclic peptides, characterized by intrinsically higher conformational order, exhibit remarkable stability and resistance to proteolytic degradation, making them attractive candidates for developing targeted drug delivery systems. The aim of this work is to elucidate the unique coordination properties of the multi-His cyclic peptide with c(HDHKHPHHKHHP) sequence (HDCP - heterodomain cyclopeptide). This peptide, indeed, is able to form homo- and hetero-dinuclear complexes in a wide pH range, being thus a good chelator for Cu(II) ions. Herein, we present the results of a combined study, involving potentiometric, spectroscopic (UV-Vis, CD, and EPR), and computational investigations, on its coordination properties. To better understand the interaction pattern with Cu(II) metal ions, two other peptides, each one bearing only one of the two binding domains of HDCP are also considered in this study: c(HDHKHPGGKGGP) = CP1, c(GKGGKPHHKHHP) = CP2, which share sequence fragments of HDCP and allow separate investigations of its coordination domains.

Effect of Polystyrene Targeting Nanoparticles on Lung Injury in Severe Acute Pancreatitis and NOX2/ROS/NF-κB Pathway

Relationship between polyethylene targeting nanoparticles and key components of the NOX2/ROS/NF-κB signaling pathway has not yet been fully clarified, and their regulatory role in lung injury in severe acute pancreatitis has not yet been confirmed. In this study, severe acute pancreatitis lung injury cells were exposed to polyethylene targeting nanoparticles and MTT method was used to detect cell proliferation. Cell cycle and apoptosis rate were detected using flow cytometry and the expression of NOX2/ROS/NF-κB pathway was detected. The compound polyethylene targeting nanoparticles inhibited proliferation of lung-damaged cells in severe acute pancreatitis dose-dependently (5, 10 and 20 μmol/L), induced G2/M phase arrest, and increased cell apoptosis. In addition, it reduced the expression of NOX2, ROS, and NF-κB, indicating that NOX2/ROS/NF-κB pathway may be inhibited. Polystyrene targeting nanoparticles reduced the expression of IL-6, TNF-α, JAK, STAT, and IL-10. As a targeted drug delivery system, nano-drug-carrying systems help to dissolve drugs that are difficult to dissolve in the drug solution and intervene in the corresponding tissues and cells in a targeted manner. The results of this study showed that polymer-targeted nano-drug systems could regulate the growth of lung-damaged cells in severe acute pancreatitis. Polyethylene targeting nanoparticles may be effective in inhibiting inflammation in lung-damaged cells in severe acute pancreatitis via regulation of NOX2/ROS/NF-κB pathway.

Targeted drug release and in vitro anticancer activities of iron oxide@folic acid/chitosan-based nano-niosomes

Niosomes based targeted drug delivery systems holds immense potential in revolutionizing modern cancer treatments by enabling highly accurate and targeted cancer site drug release potentials, mitigating the detrimental side effects associated with traditional chemotherapy. This research article describes the successful facile synthesis of a nano-niosomes based targeted drug delivery system using iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs), ciprofloxacin (CIF), chitosan (CS) and folic acid (FA). First, Fe3O4 NPs were biogenically synthesised by using Garcinia mangostana fruit peel extract, subsequently the Fe3O4 @FA-CS-CIF-NPs nano-niosomes were prepared by modifying Fe3O4 NPs with CIF, FA and CS. The formation of Fe3O4@FA-CS-CIF-NPs nano-niosomes were confirmed by various spectroscopic and microscopic analyses. Fe3O4 @FA-CS-CIF-NPs nano-niosomes showed ROS-responsive drug release efficacy and exhibited excellent drug releasing efficiency (93.55%) at the cancerous cell micro environment. In addition, nano-niosomes exhibited the highest cytotoxic effect on HeLa S3 cancer cells (IC50 = 4.7 μg/mL) and significant biocompatibility properties. Colony formation and cell cycle analysis showed that Fe3O4@FA-CS-CIF-NPs nano-niosomes effectively inhibited the colony formation of HeLa S3 cells and arrested their cell cycle in the S phase. These results provide a foundation for further investigation of Fe3O4@FA-CS-based nano-niosomes for cancer treatment in vivo, and open a new avenue in the development of magnetic nano-niosomes based anticancer entities.

Niosomes: A targeted drug delivery system

Niosomes are the multilamellar vesicles structure of non-ionic surfactant. Niosomes act as a drug carrier in drug delivery system. Niosomes improved the therapeutic performance of encapsulated drug molecules by protecting the drug from host biological environments resulting in their delayed clearance. In this present review article, we concentrate on the drug Niosomes which is a normal approach for drug delivery system. The niosomes have become the area of interest in the drug delivery system their advantage one liposomes in the field of drug delivery system for being non-toxic makes them more suitable for drug delivery system. Their ability to encapsulate both hydrophilic, lipophilic drugs simultaneously has increased its demand in the present scenario. Niosomes are vesicles made up of non-ionic surfactant, which are biodegradable, nontoxic, more stable and inexpensive and have ability to substitute liposomes but they also flexibility in the route of administration Thus, in the present articles more focus is made on the development method of niosomes which is used as a novel approach in present scenario So, Niosomes as a drug carrier is of greater Importance in the pharmaceutical field