Targeted Intervention Program Research Articles

Targeted Intervention Program for the Preservation of the Traditional Himalayan Buddhist Culture and Customs: A Case Study of Ananda Sangh, Kathmandu

The main goal of Buddhist education is to free individuals from all forms of limitations and suffering. In Nepal's Gumbas, this education helps shape students' personalities based on Buddhist values. It focuses on improving ethical, intellectual, and spiritual qualities. Buddhist education encourages wisdom, kindness, fairness, rational thinking, and a sense of commitment. The main objective of this study is to access the targeted intervention (TI) program conducted by Ananda Sangh for the poor, needy, marginalized people and social institutions, especially in Jagadol, Budhanilkantha-11, Kathmandu, Nepal and communities surrounding Pullahari Monastery. Beneficiaries (Especially Monks) and observation were used to ascertain primary information whereas secondary data were collected from different project reports, published unpublished progress reports or literature and Social Welfare Evaluation Reports. Despite this, the team has done a FGD with Ananda Sangh staff and community people for data collection from the field and for triangulation. The intervention of Ananda Sangh educating 230 monks has been found to support the fundamental right of receiving quality education of the marginalized people of Nepal. However, Ananda Sangh Nepal has not yet been conducted formal social audit in the areas where it has implemented its program. The exploration of gap between policy and practice is the main area of research. What is it? Why is it a problem? And the need of any further intervention solving the current issues facing by the monks is also the target of the study. This study was conducted by the researcher during Dec 2023 and January 2024 with frequent visits to the study area.

Factors influencing the positive aspects of caring for dementia patients by family caregivers: a systematic mixed studies review protocol

AimTo provide an overview of the various influencing factors related to the positive aspects of caring for dementia patients by family caregivers.DesignA systematic mixed studies review.MethodsThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews guided this protocol as reported. Peer-reviewed studies published in English from 1997 to the present will be searched via information sources, gray literature, and the following databases: Web of Science, PsycINFO, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Eligible trials will also be retrieved from ClinicalTrials.gov and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. This will be a mixed studies review. The Mixed Method Appraisal Tool will be used for the mixed-method studies. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for case–control and cohort studies and the JBI quality scale for cross-sectional and interventional (i.e., randomized or quasi-experimental) studies will be consulted. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research will be used for the qualitative studies. All the data will be extricated with JBI data extraction tools. The convergent synthesis method will be used in the review.DiscussionThis systematic review will synthesize and analyze the factors that influence the positive aspects of caring for dementia patients by family caregivers.ConclusionThe findings will help decision-makers to adopt more appropriate and effective interventions for caregivers of people with dementia.Patient or public contributionsThis review protocol will ascertain the factors affecting the mediation of and path to improved caregiving, explore the factors’ action mechanisms, and examine the controlling factors to design a more targeted intervention program to improve caregiving, thus improving dementia patients’ outcomes and care. Contributions of the findings will include evidence of strategies that address ongoing dementia caregiving issues and the identification of areas for future research.

Assessment of targeted intervention programme under the National AIDS Control Program among men who have sex with men in India.

The population of men who have sex with men (MSM) in India is vulnerable to HIV/AIDS. India instituted a targeted intervention (TI) programme to reduce this vulnerability. We aimed to measure the assessment of the TI programme for MSM. The national Integrated Biological and Behavioural Survey (IBBS) was carried out in 2014-2015. We analysed MSM data from the IBBS and used bivariate and multivariate logistic regression to calculate the unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. The use of a condom during their last sexual intercourse and consistent condom use during the previous month were considered indicators of programme effectiveness. The propensity score matching method was used to assess the effectiveness of the TI programme. The matched-samples estimate (i.e., average treatment effect on treated) for the use of condoms during their last sexual intercourse increased by 10.0% (0.10; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.08-0.12), and consistent condom use during the previous month increased by 9.0% (0.09; 95% CI 0.07-0.10) among those who had received condoms from the peer educator/outreach worker compared with those who had not received condoms. The TI programme intervention among MSM was effective in reducing HIV risk behaviours, as evidenced by an increase in the use of condoms during their last sexual intercourse and consistent condom use during the last month.

Predictive Model of the Risk of Fall Based on Physical Fitness Assessment in Older Adults

Falls occurring during activities of daily living pose a major threat and are the third most common cause of death in seniors. In clinical evaluations, mostly single tests are used to assess the risk of fall. However, a complex set of tests would lead to a more comprehensive assessment of the risk of falls. The purpose of this study was to develop a predictive model of the risk of falls in older adults aimed to prevent injuries. This study involved 159 older adults (≥65, 77% women) who underwent laboratory testing consisting of questionnaires, physical tests and basic anthropometric data measurement. The data were processed by a statistical method of regression analysis, the Classification and Regression Tree. Based on the analysis a predictive model of the risk of fall for older adults was created. The most important variables for the predictive model were total % of body fat mass, Timed Up and Go Test and 2 minutes walking test. Based on the predictive model, we can design a targeted intervention program for elderly adults to prevent risk of falling, promoting well-being and increase quality of their life.

Effectiveness of targeted intervention program under the national AIDS control program among Hijra and transgender population: Evidence from Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance, 2014-15.

The hijra and transgender (H/TG) population in India is vulnerable to HIV/AIDS. India had instituted a targeted intervention (TI) program to reduce this vulnerability. We aimed to measure the effectiveness of the TI program for H/TG. The National Integrated Behavioral and Biological Survey (IBBS) was carried out in 2014-15. H/TG data from IBBS was analyzed. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to calculate the unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence interval. Condom use during the last sexual intercourse, and the consistent condom use in the last onemonth were considered as indicators of program effectiveness. The Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method was used to assess the effectiveness. We found that the participants who had received condoms from peer educator/outreach worker were 1.74 and 1.40 times more likely to use condoms in the last sexual intercourse (aOR: 1.74, CI: 1.35 - 2.26) and consistent condom use in the last onemonth (aOR: 1.40, CI: 1.12 - 1.74) respectively compared to the participants who did not receive the condom. The matched-samples estimate (i.e., average treatment effect on treated) for the condom use during the last sexual intercourse increased by 13.0%, i.e., 0.13 (CI; 0.08 - 0.18) and consistent condom use in the last onemonth increased by 5.0%, i.e., 0.05 (CI; 0.00 - 0.10) among those who had received condoms from the peer educator/outreach worker compared with those who had not received condom, respectively. The TI program intervention for H/TG was effective in reducing HIV risk behavior as evidenced by increase in use of condom during last sexual intercourse, and consistent condom use in the last onemonth.

Association between the introduction of a national targeted intervention program and the incidence of surgical site infections in Swiss acute care hospitals

BackgroundIn Switzerland, the national surgical site infection (SSI) surveillance program showed a modest decrease in SSI rates for different procedures over the last decade. The study aimed to determine whether a multimodal, targeted intervention program in addition to existing SSI surveillance is associated with decreased SSI rates in the participating hospitals.MethodsProspective multicenter pre- and postintervention study conducted in eight Swiss acute care hospitals between 2013 and 2020. All consecutive patients > 18 years undergoing cardiac, colon, or hip/knee replacement surgery were included. The follow-up period was 30 days and one year for implant-related surgery. Patients with at least one follow-up were included. The intervention was to optimize three elements of preoperative management: (i) hair removal; (ii) skin disinfection; and (iii) perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis. We compared SSI incidence rates (main outcome measure) pre- and postintervention (three years each) adjusted for potential confounders. Poisson generalized linear mixed models fitted to quarter-yearly confirmed SSIs and adjusted for baseline differences between hospitals and procedures. Adherence was routinely monitored through on-site visits.ResultsA total of 10 151 patients were included, with a similar median age pre- and postintervention (69.6 and IQR 60.9, 76.8 years, vs 69.5 and IQR 60.4, 76.8 years, respectively; P = 0.55) and similar proportions of females (44.8% vs. 46.1%, respectively; P = 0.227). Preintervention, 309 SSIs occurred in 5 489 patients (5.6%), compared to 226 infections in 4 662 cases (4.8%, P = 0.09) postintervention. The adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) for overall SSI after intervention implementation was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.68 to 0.96, P = 0.02). For cardiac surgery (n = 2 927), the aIRR of SSI was 0.48 (95% CI, 0.32 to 0.72, P < 0.001). For hip/knee replacement surgery (n = 4 522), the aIRR was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.52 to 1.48, P = 0.63), and for colon surgery (n = 2 702), the aIRR was 0.92 (95% CI, 0.75 to 1.14, P = 0.49).ConclusionsThe SSI intervention bundle was associated with a statistically significant decrease in SSI cases. A significant association was observed for cardiac surgery. Adding a specific intervention program can add value compared to routine surveillance only. Further prevention modules might be necessary for colon and orthopedic surgery.

Online partner seeking and high-risk behaviour in men who have sex with men and male-to-female transgendered people in Mumbai, India: Implications for prevention strategies.

It is important to understand the current internet-related sexual behaviours of high-risk groups such as men who have sex with men (MSM). We designed the present study to understand the types of online/mobile apps used by MSM and male-to-female transgendered people/hijras [TGH] in Mumbai, India. We also compared the internet-related 'partner seeking' and 'sexual behaviours' in MSM and TGH in Mumbai, India. This is a cross-sectional analysis of secondary data collected (April to June 2020) from 8582 MSM and 4163 TGH from five targeted intervention programmes each in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Data on demographics, years of association with the intervention, number and type of online/mobile apps used, sexual behaviours including partners from virtual space and non-virtual (physical) space, group sex, attending parties, mobility for sexual partners, and HIV status were collected. MSM were more likely to have mobile phone (88% vs 51%, p < 0.001) and internet access over the phone (78% vs 27%; p < 0.001) compared with TGH. The common apps used by MSM were Grindr (48%), Facebook (42%), and Blued (36%). MSM were more likely to have partners from virtual space (91% vs 67%; p < 0.001). A higher proportion of MSM had attended parties (28% vs 2%; p < 0.001), had group sex (16% vs 6%; p < 0.001), and were mobile for sex (25% vs 4%). MSM and TGH who had partners from virtual space were significantly more likely to report 'missed a condom at least once during penetrative sex in the past one week' (17% vs 12%; p<0.001). In HIV positive MSM, group sex, parties, and mobility for sex, were only in those who reported partners from the virtual space. Internet-based interventions for MSM should be incorporated in the existing targeted intervention programme and outreach workers should be trained in virtual outreach services. Among TGH, given the low reach and use of smartphones and apps, internet-based interventions may not be such a useful option, and the existing physical targeted intervention programmes should be strengthened.

Dual trajectory of sleep and frail in elderly people.

The high incidence of dual sleep and frail disorders in the elderly people, often occurring together, seriously affects the physical and mental health of the older people, effective research on the dynamics of dual sleep and frail disorders is important for improving the quality of life for the older people and responding to global ageing trend. While trajectory studies provide a unique practical scientific perspective to grasp the dynamics of development, dual trajectories unite dual barriers provide an opportunity to study the dynamic dependence of both sleep and frailty simultaneously sleep trajectories and frailty trajectories in older people are interrelated and interacted through deeper mechanisms. Therefore, it is necessary for the study not only focus on the ongoing development of health problems, but also needs to consider multiple aspects and propose targeted intervention program.

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on HIV Testing Uptake Among Key Populations Enrolled in Targeted Intervention Program in Maharashtra, India.

The COVID-19 pandemic posed unprecedented challenges to HIV services globally. We evaluated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the uptake of HIV testing in the Targeted Intervention (TI) program in Maharashtra-a high HIV burden state in India. Annual HIV testing was sustained during the pandemic year (2020-2021), at levels similar to the pre-pandemic year (2019-2020), among Female Sex Workers (FSW), Men having Sex with Men (MSM), Transgender (TG), and Truckers; but not among Migrants and Intravenous Drug Users (IDU). There was an acute decline during the lockdown across all typologies. Sharp recovery was seen among FSW, MSM, and TG during the early months of the un-lockdown. The community-based screening (CBS) approach primarily contributed to this recovery. Among migrants and truckers, recovery was delayed. There was an overall reduction of 58% in annual HIV-positive registrations. The community-based networks, participatory structures, and processes of HIV programs played an essential role in reaching the community during the pandemic.

Assessment of effectiveness of targeted intervention program under national AIDS control program among injecting drug users across India.

High HIV prevalence among injecting drug users (IDUs) remains a cause of concern and are considered key drivers of concentrated epidemic in India. The present paper aims to assess the effectiveness of the targeted intervention (TI) program on the risk behaviors among IDUs across regions of India. This paper used the data from the integrated biological and behavioral surveillance 2014-2015 among the IDUs in India. Descriptive statistics and propensity score matching analysis was carried out to understand the effectiveness of the TI program on the new needle/syringe used and needle/syringe shared in the last injecting episode by accounting for the covariates. The matched samples estimate, i.e., average treatment effect on treated of new needles/syringe used and shared in the last injecting episode by those who received needles/syringes from peer educator or outreach workers (PE/ORWs) and those who did not receive was 2.8% (confidence interval [CI]: 0.05-5.6) increase in the use of new needles/syringes and 6.5% (CI: -9.7--3.3) decrease in the needles/syringes shared in last injecting episode indicating that IDUs who received new needles/syringes from PE/ORWs are more likely to use new needle/syringe and less likely to share needle/syringes to those who did not receive needles/syringes. The results vary across the different regions of India. TI program proves to be an effective initiative in the behavior change among IDUs as substantiated by use of new needles/syringes and decreased sharing of needles/syringes. TI program coverage varies from region to region and may further be expanded to accelerate the program services to prevent HIV/AIDS.

Analysis of a Targeted Intervention Programme on the Risk Behaviours of Injecting Drug Users in India: Evidence From the National Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance Survey.

ObjectivesThis study provides insights on the impact of a targeted intervention (TI) programme on behaviour change among injecting drug users (IDUs) in India.MethodsThis paper examined the data from the Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance 2014–2015 for IDUs in India. Logistic regression was performed to understand the factors (TI programme services) that affected injecting risk behaviours by adjusting for covariates. Propensity score matching was conducted to understand the impact of the TI programme on using new needles/syringes and sharing needles/syringes in the most recent injecting episode by accounting for the covariates that predicted receiving the intervention.ResultsParticipants who received new needles and syringes from peer educators or outreach workers were 1.3 times (adjusted odds ratio, 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09 to 1.53) more likely to use new needles/syringes during most recent injecting episode than participants who did not receive needles/syringes. The matched-samples estimate (i.e., average treatment effect on treated) of using new needles in the most recent injecting episode showed a 2.8% (95% CI, 0.0 to 5.6) increase in the use of new needles and a 6.5% (95% CI, −9.7 to −3.3) decrease in needle sharing in the most recent injecting episode in participants who received new needles/syringes. There was a 2.2% (95% CI, −3.8 to −0.6) decrease in needle sharing in the most recent injecting episode among participants who were referred to other services (integrated counselling and testing centre, detox centres, etc.).ConclusionsThe TI programme proved to be effective for behaviour change among IDUs, as substantiated by the use of new needles/syringes and sharing of needles/syringes.

Knowledge, attitude and behavior among parents of school-aged children towards snack in Shenzhen

Objective To investigate knowledge, attitude and purchase behavior for snack nutrition among parents of school-aged children in Shenzhen, so as to provide support and scientific basis for developing targeted intervention program for child healthy dietary behavior. Methods Through cluster random sampling method, a total of 4 517 parents of students graded in 2 from 116 primary schools in Shenzhen were invited to participate into a self-administered questionnaire survey. Results Parental cognition towards snack nutrition varied substantially. The majority of parents were worried about the health and safety issues of snack and were aware of the risk of eating disorder of consistent snakc consumption in children. Only 21.18% of parents reported frequent snack-purchasing behaviors. Children's snacks, mainly included milk, dairy products, vegetable, fruit, bread and cake, are mostly purchased by parents, and the snack choices were related to nutrition, hygiene and taste. In addition, most parents paid attention to the production date whereas less than one-third of them read the nutrition facts labels. Parents with different knowledge level towards snack nutrition differed in eating attitude and behavior. Conclusion Parents should be further educated about nutrition and food safety knowledge to improve nutritional literacy, as well as attitude towards healthy diet and snack-purchasing ehavior to better guide their children to develop good eating habits.

Spatiotemporal distribution and determinants of delayed first antenatal care visit among reproductive age women in Ethiopia: a spatial and multilevel analysis

BackgroundAntenatal care (ANC) is one of the four pillars of the initiative for safe motherhood. ANC helps to improve the health of pregnant women and reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy outcome. First ANC is used to know the health status of the mothers and the fetus, to estimate the gestational age and expected date of delivery. Our research aims to investigate the Spatio-temporal distribution of delayed first ANC visit and its predictors using multilevel binary logistic regression analysis.MethodA total of 10,184 women (2061 in 2005, 3366 in 2011, and 4757 in 2016) were included for this study. The data were cleaned and weighted using STATA version 14. A multilevel binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify significant predictors of delayed first ANC visit. ArcGIS software was used to explore the spatial distribution of delayed first ANC visits and a Bernoulli model was fitted using SaTScan software to identify significant clusters of delayed first ANC visits.ResultsOverall, 77.69, 73.95, and 67.61% of women had delayed their first ANC visit in 2005, 2011, and 2016 EDHSs respectively. Women education [AOR = 0.71; 95%CI; 0.60, 0.84], unwanted pregnancy [AOR = 1.41;95%CI; 1.04, 1.89], and rural residence [AOR = 1.68;95%CI; 1.19, 2.38] have significantly associated with delayed first ANC visit. The spatial analysis revealed that delayed first ANC visit varies in each EDHS period. The SaTScan analysis result of EDHS 2005 data identified 122 primary clusters located between the border of Oromia and Eastern SNNPR regions (RR = 1.30, LLR = 32.31, P-value< 0.001), whereas in 2011 EDHS, 145 primary clusters were identified in entire Tigray, B/Gumuz, Amhara western part of Afar and northwest Oromia regions (RR = 1.30, LLR = 40.79, P-value< 0.001). Besides in 2016 EDHS,198 primary clusters were located in the entire SNNPR, Gambella, Northen B/Gumuz, and western Oromia regions. (RR = 1.35, LLR = 83.21, P-value< 0.001).ConclusionIn Ethiopia delayed first ANC visit was significantly varied across the country over time Women’s education, wanted the last child, and residence were significantly associated with delayed first ANC booking. The effect of each predictor was found to be different across regions of Ethiopia. Therefore, a targeted intervention program is required in highly affected areas of Ethiopia.

New HIV Infection Estimation from Program Data of Key Populations

In India, HIV sentinel surveillance is carried out to estimate the prevalence of HIV for calibrating the response. However, estimate of new HIV infections is also needed to monitor the effectiveness of prevention strategies. We used Targeted Intervention Program data of Injecting Drug Users (IDUs) and Female Sex Workers (FSWs) enrolled in Targeted Intervention (TI) programme in Aizawl district of Mizoram state to estimate the trend in new HIV infection rate. Those who had tested HIV positive in a particular year but were negative in the previous HIV test were considered to be newly infected. New HIV infections were found to have a rising trend from 2010 to 2019 (p&lt;0.01). The new infection rate of HIV was 6.73% among IDUs and 1.94% among FSWs in 2019. This analysis, which requires minimal resources, may be undertaken at regular interval in all Targeted Intervention Programs to monitor the effect of preventive strategies at local level.

Efficacy of a Web-Enabled, School-Based, Preventative Intervention to Reduce Bullying and Improve Mental Health in Children and Adolescents: Study Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.

Introduction: Bullying is a major preventable risk factor for mental disorders. Available evidence suggests school-based interventions reduce bullying prevalence rates. This study aims to test the efficacy of a web-enabled, school-based, multicomponent anti-bullying intervention to prevent school bullying and to assess its effects on mental health and quality of life.Methods and analysis: Cluster randomized controlled trial conducted in 20 publicly funded primary and secondary schools in Madrid, Spain. Schools are randomly allocated to either the intervention arm (n = 10) or conventional practices arm (n = 10). The web-enabled intervention (LINKlusive) lasts ~12 weeks and consists of three main components: (i) an online training program for teachers and parents, (ii) a web-guided educational program for students, focusing on promoting respect for diversity, empathy, and social skill development, and (iii) a web-guided, teacher-delivered, targeted intervention program for bullying situations identified based on peer-support strategies and individual intervention for those involved (i.e., bullying victims and perpetrators). The primary objective is to compare differences between peer-reported bullying victimization in the intervention and control arms at the end of the intervention. Secondary outcome measures are additional measures of bullying victimization and perpetration, mental health symptoms, self-esteem, and quality of life. A follow-up assessment is conducted 1 year after the end of the intervention. Treatment effects will be tested using multilevel mixed models, adjusting for school-, classroom-, and student-related covariates. Considering the increased bullying rates in children with special educational needs, a specific subgroup analysis will test the efficacy of the intervention on bullying prevalence, mental health, and quality of life in this particularly vulnerable population.Ethics and Dissemination: The Deontology Commission of the School of Psychology, Universidad Complutense in Madrid, Spain reviewed the study protocol and granted ethical approval on 21st January 2019. The results of the trial will be disseminated in relevant peer-reviewed journals and at conferences in the field.Trial Registration Number: ISRCTN15719015.

The efficacy of a targeted PREVENTION programme for addictive behaviour (PREVENTURE) among vulnerable ADOlescents in France - study procotol

BackgroundAlcohol use is a major public health challenge in France, where at the age of 17 half the young people report an episode of severe alcohol intoxication in the month preceding the survey. Numerous prevention programmes have a general objective, but in adolescence individual vulnerabilities towards addictions differ significantly with personality traits. Prevention targeting personality traits enables work on risk factors for addictive behaviours, and has shown genuine efficacy.Among existing programmes, PREVENTURE has shown an effect on the reduction in alcohol consumption by targeting four personality traits: impulsivity, sensation-seeking, negative thoughts and anxiety. This programme has been tested on samples recruited in adolescent populations in school environments, identifying adolescents at risk, but it has not been tested on a more targeted recruitment of adolescents seen in consultation.MethodsThe main hypothesis of this study is that the targeted prevention programme PREVENTURE will have an impact on the prevalence of binge-drinking episodes. The secondary hypotheses explore other factors such as associated substance use, anxiety and depression, as well as the acceptability of the programme. This article presents the study protocol of “PREVADO” study.We intend to assess the impact of the targeted intervention programme PREVENTURE on the prevalence of binge-drinking episodes among adolescents aged 14 to 17 years consulting in one of the participating centres or referred by a school doctor. The study will be prospective, randomised, controlled and open-label, and will comprise an intervention group and a control group.The adolescents will then be followed and assessed 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the intervention.The study needs to include 700 subjects in order to reach 340 adolescents randomised, 170 in each group. It will concern 33 centres.DiscussionThis project could favour the targeting of addictive behaviours among vulnerable adolescents, and its application on a larger scale could be envisaged.Trial registrationThe Trial registration number is NCT04599270, and it was registered on the ClinicalTrials.gov public website.

TÖRZS ÉS ALSÓ VÉGTAG STABILITÁSÁNAK VIZSGÁLATA LABDAJÁTÉKOSOK KÖRÉBEN

A különböző labdajátékok technikai hátterét az alsó végtag szempontjából a törzs és végtag izmainak összehangolt működése biztosítja. A felületes és mély hasizmok aktivitása a mozgó (rúgó, ugró végtag), valamint a támaszkodó végtag gyorsító, fékező és stabilizáló funkcióját biztosítja. A sérülés prevenció egyik alapeleme a stabilizátorok működése. Az állapotfelmérés során alkalmazott standard tesztek lehetővé teszik a játékosok fizikális kondíciójának után követését és a célzott intervenciós program tervezését.&#x0D; A kutatási program célja, a labdajátékosok – kosárlabdázó, vízilabdázó, labdarugó – törzs és alsó végtag izmainak stabilizáló funkciójának mérése, a három csoport összehasonlítása a különböző technikai háttér ismeretében, valamint a célcsoportok statisztikai összehasonlítása, elemzése.&#x0D; A célcsoportjaink az U16-os vízilabdás, kosaras és labdarugó versenyjátékosok, 15 fő csoportonként. Mozgásszervi összehasonlító vizsgálatot végzünk célzottan a törzs és alsóvégtagi stabilitásra kiterjedő vizsgálatokkal, speciális tesztek segítségével. Nemzetközileg is alkalmazott standard tesztek: Single leg squat teszt (sec.), Single leg squat on TOGU teszt (sec.), Single leg wall-sit teszt (sec.) Single leg wall-sit with ball (sec.) Single leg bridge (sec.) Feltételezzük, hogy a standard tesztek különböző eredményeket adnak.&#x0D; Az eredmények ismeretében következtethetünk, hogy mely terület, izom szinergizmus igényel fejlesztést az adott sportágban. További célok egy intervenciós program kidolgozása és megtartása, majd az utána következő ismételt állapotfelmérés, amelyből statisztikai elemzést végzünk.&#x0D; Az eredményeket és a technikai hátteret figyelembe véve pedig a tornaprogram hatékonyságának megállapítása, hogy egy funkcionális szemléletmódra alapozott tornaprogram milyen mértékben befolyásolja a törzs és alsó végtag szinergista funkcióját a meghatározott tesztpozíciókban.&#x0D;

PUBLIC POLICY TOWARDS HIV MISCONCEPTIONS IN INDONESIA

This study focuses on HIV misconceptions in Indonesia. Based on Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) Program, there are three common misconceptions about HIV: (1) whether HIV can be transmitted through mosquito bites, (2) whether transmission occurs by sharing food with a person who has HIV/AIDS, and (3) whether a healthy-looking person could have HIV. Using 2017 the Indonesia DHS, this study examines the impact of two factors - socio-demographic and media exposure - on HIV misconceptions in Indonesia. I found that respondents who belong to the younger age group, living in urban areas, have a higher degree of education, and have higher exposure to media were less likely to have misconceptions about HIV. This result indicates that to reduce HIV misconceptions in Indonesia, the government should make a targeted intervention program.

PUBLIC POLICY TOWARDS HIV MISCONCEPTIONS IN INDONESIA

This study focuses on HIV misconceptions in Indonesia. Based on Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) Program, there are three common misconceptions about HIV: (1) whether HIV can be transmitted through mosquito bites, (2) whether transmission occurs by sharing food with a person who has HIV/AIDS, and (3) whether a healthy-looking person could have HIV. Using 2017 the Indonesia DHS, this study examines the impact of two factors - socio-demographic and media exposure - on HIV misconceptions in Indonesia. I found that respondents who belong to the younger age group, living in urban areas, have a higher degree of education, and have higher exposure to media were less likely to have misconceptions about HIV. This result indicates that to reduce HIV misconceptions in Indonesia, the government should make a targeted intervention program.

Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking Among Adult Emergency Department Patients in Canada.

IntroductionTobacco smoking is a priority public health concern, and a leading cause of death and disability globally. While the daily smoking prevalence in Canada is approximately 9.7%, the proportion of smokers among emergency department (ED) patients has been found to be significantly higher. The purpose of this survey study was to determine the smoking prevalence of adult ED patients presenting to three urban Canadian hospitals, and to determine whether there was an increased prevalence compared to the general public.MethodsA verbal questionnaire was administered to adult patients aged 18 years and older presenting to Royal University Hospital, St. Paul’s Hospital, and Saskatoon City Hospital in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. We compared patients’ smoking habits to Fagerström tobacco dependence scores, readiness to quit smoking, chief complaints, Canadian Triage Acuity Scale scores, and willingness to partake in ED-specific cessation interventions.ResultsA total of 1190 eligible patients were approached, and 1078 completed the questionnaire. Adult Saskatoon ED patients demonstrated a cigarette smoking prevalence of 19.6%, which is significantly higher than the adult Saskatchewan public at 14.65% (P<0.0001). Out of the smoking cohort, 51.4% indicated they wanted to quit smoking and would partake in ED-specific cessation counselling, if available. Of the proposed interventions, ED cessation counselling was most popular among patients (62.4%), followed by receiving a pamphlet (56.2%), and referral to a smokers’ quit line (49.5%).ConclusionThe higher smoking prevalence demonstrated among ED patients highlights the need for a targeted intervention program that is feasible for the fast-paced ED environment. Training ED staff to conduct brief cessation counselling and referral to community supports for follow-up could provide an initial point of contact for smokers not otherwise receiving cessation assistance.