Target Set Research Articles

Analysis of The success of Construction Projects Based on Labor Productivity

The success of a construction project is often achieved when it meets the set targets with various limitations in cost, time, and quality. To achieve and sustain project success, companies must acknowledge the significance of human or labor resources as factors directly linked to labor productivity have a direct impact on project success. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between labor productivity and the success of construction projects. The population for this study consists of contractor companies in Banda Aceh City that are members of the GAPENSI association. The total population was determined to be 30 contractor companies, each with a sample of one Project Manager (PM) from the respective company. The research method is quantitative, with primary and secondary data sources. Data gathering involved the distribution of closed questionnaires to the participant. Data analysis technique using multiple linear regression analysis method. The results showed the magnitude of the influence of labor productivity with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.911. This means that labor productivity can account for approximately 91.1% of the variation in project success, while other variables outside the variables of this study explain the remaining 0.9%.

Implementasi Pengelolaan Zakat dalam Pengembangan Modal Usaha (Studi pada BAZNAS Kota Payakumbuh)

Payakumbuh City BAZNAS Strategy in determining mustahik candidates who are given productive program assistance: setting goals and targets, announcing prospective mustahik beneficiaries, criteria for mustahik who will be given assistance, the form of business that will be given assistance, the process of announcing businesses, the administration that will have to be completed, receiving and selecting mustahik prospective recipients of assistance, announcing mustahik prospective recipients who pass and determining the nominal amount of assistance. The results of the research that the researchers conducted showed that the Payakumbuh City BAZNAS stipulated requirements and procedures for determining mustahik candidates and carried out a series of activities in monitoring efforts in an effort to activate the misuse of aid. So as a whole what is meant by the title above is that the author will describe the success or failure of productive businesses/business capital at BAZNAS Payakumbuh City in distributing zakat annually.

ANALISIS EKONOMI RANCANGAN PLTS UNTUK KAWASAN WARISAN BUDAYA DUNIA JATILUWIH

Bali is a province in Indonesia that is progressive in utilizing renewable energy, by making a policy to create Bali Clean Energy, which aims to develop renewable energy including solar energy. Even though several Solar Power Plant developments have been carried out in Bali, it still needs to be accelerated in its application to achieve the set targets. In this study, the Jatiluwih Heritage Area was chosen as the location for designing a Rooftop solar power plant. Jatiluwih is a Village that became a World Cultural Heritage designated by UNESCO in 2012. The methods used in this research are interviews, literature studies, and scientific studies based on related journals. This study uses two scenarios, namely the load usage scenario and the roof area scenario. There are 45 buildings that have tourism activities in the Jatiluwih DTW area, with a daily electricity requirement of 225.37 kWh/day. Based on the criteria for installing a Rooftop Solar Power Plant, there were five buildings that met the criteria, namely Dukuh Batur Villa, Teras Subak Homestay, Warung Dhea, Iga Lawar Restaurant, and Bhuana Agung Restaurant. Based on the investment feasibility study using the Net Present Value, Profitability Index, and Payback Period methods, it shows that the investment in designing a Rooftop Solar Power Plant with a scenario based on load requirements has 2 feasible buildings, namely the Iga Lawar Restaurant and Bhuana Agung Restaurant, and based on the roof area scenario it shows the design investment Solar Power Plant Jatiluwih World Cultural Heritage Area is not feasible to implement.

Analisis Realisasi Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah Pemerintah Kota Medan

This research aims to determine the Realization of the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget of the Medan City Government FY 2017-2021. This research uses a qualitative approach using Medan City Regional Income and Expenditure data 2017-2021. From the results of the discussion, it was found that the realization of Medan City's regional income still had not reached the set target, with the realization percentage below 100% during that period. The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on regional income, especially in 2020, which caused a decrease in Original Regional Income and transfer income. Realization of Medan City regional spending tends to be below the budgeted budget, although there was an increase in 2019 and a decrease in 2020 due to the handling of the pandemic. Direct and indirect spending reflects the policies and strategies of the Medan City government in facing various challenges, especially related to handling the pandemic.

An Investigation into the Politics of English Language Assessment in Pakistan

This research article attempts to address the politics of English language assessment in Pakistani context. The focus of this qualitative research study is to unfold ideological factors, socio-cultural factors, political factors, economic agendas, societal elements, issues of power, teachers’ roles, educational considerations, and hierarchical structures in Pakistani context with special reference to English language assessment system. Thematic Document analysis is used for analyzing the data collected from one of the leading newspapers in Pakistan i.e. Dawn. It is found out that the politics of language assessment is pluralized in Pakistan owing to decide which strata of the society is failing (the lower class) and which one is succeeding (the upper class, the elite class) in political power. This study also reveals that politics of language assessment in Pakistan is firmly linked with the purposes of English language learning i.e. lucrative jobs, education and business. Furthermore, the findings of the study highlight that in the current scenario of Pakistan, assessment and testing in general education and language assessment in particular play a significant role in imposing political policies and power in the arena of academia and intelligentsia. Likewise, the major findings of the study exhibit that there is a hegemony of English that brought linguistic imperialism in Pakistan. In Pakistani context, proficiency in English language decides future of the candidates in term of jobs and businesses. English language assessment regime is affected by the ‘top-down’ policy driven initiatives rather than ‘bottom-up’ collaborative work. It is the domain of a particular group of experts who decide Others as opposed to us. It also contributes to the marketization of English language in educational sector of Pakistan. The elite class in Pakistan set targets for the educational system in order to implement their policies to achieve political power and interests.

Descriptive Analysis of Neonatal Mortality during May 2023 at Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi

Although child mortality has substantially been declined due to stringent efforts for achieving the set targets meant to attain health related Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015, yet the reduction in neonatal mortality has been noted at comparatively slower pace. Considerable neonatal deaths have also been reported in South Asan regions of the globe. Objective: To analyze neonatal mortality in terms of place of delivery, antenatal booking and maternal as well as medical causes of death. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was done during May 2023 to determine various attributes of neonatal mortality like delivery site and antenatal visits. In addition to maternal factors contributing to neonatal mortality, post-delivery mortality reasons were also recorded. Data were entered and analyzed by using Microsoft Excel 2016. Results: Out of 100 neonatal mortalities about 88.5% were early neonatal deaths. 21% and 79% were home and hospital delivered neonates respectively. Of the 49 booked cases, 35% were delivered in private hospitals while 25.5% of the remaining non-booked cases were delivered in private healthcare facilities. Approximately 47% and 53% were preterm and full-term births respectively. 35.6% neonates died of bacterial sepsis while 22% and 19% neonates succumbed to respiratory distress syndrome and intrauterine hypoxia respectively. Conclusions: There were considerable early neonatal deaths and majority died of bacterial sepsis and respiratory distress syndrome.

Financial Performance Analysis of Districts/Cities in North Maluku Province: Insights and Priorities

This study seeks to examine the financial performance of Districts/Cities in North Maluku Province through descriptive analysis of financial ratios. The descriptive analysis method was chosen to depict and examine the financial conditions of the regions in detail based on available data. The findings reveal several key points: Firstly, the effectiveness ratio of Districts/Cities in North Maluku Province indicates ineffective performance, as the actual Local Own-Source Revenue (PAD) falls short of the set targets or budgets. Secondly, the fiscal decentralization ratio of Districts/Cities shows limitations in the regions' ability to finance local expenditures from PAD, with a very low level of financial independence. Thirdly, although the growth ratio of Districts/Cities shows positive fluctuations from 2018 to 2022, the growth remains low and unstable from one period to the next. Finally, there is a significant disparity between operational expenditure and capital expenditure, highlighting the need for prioritized budget allocations to support infrastructure development and overall community welfare. These research findings provide an in-depth perspective on the challenges and potential improvements in financial management at the local government level in North Maluku Province.

ANALISIS LAPORAN KEUANGAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE TREND UNTUK MENGUKUR KINERJA KEUANGAN PADA PT NETKROM SOLUSINDO PERIODE 2017 - 2021

ABSTRACT
 This study aims to determine the analysis of financial statements in measuring financial performance at PT Netkrom Solusindo for the period 2017 – 2021 using trend analysis, at PT Netkrom Solusindo. The analysis technique in this study uses observation techniques where data collection comes from ratio data which includes balance sheet statements and income statements. The method used in this study is quantitative method with descriptive statistical data analysis. Based on the results of the research obtained, it is stated that the financial performance of PT Netkrom Solusindo in 2020 still experienced an increase in the company's revenue and net profit, but there was a very significant increase in operational costs caused by immature planning so that in 2021 there was a decrease in revenue and in the company's net profit. To overcome these problems, PT Netkrom Solusindo has efforts to reduce operational costs which include setting targets that must be achieved by the sales team, punishment for sales that are not achive targets, increasing the variety of retail products, training carried out online and approaches with SIMRS clients via zoom.
 
 Keywords: financial statement, finanacial performance, trend indeks

Features of the actors ensuring national security of Ukraine

The article aims to elucidate the key features of the actors ensuring the national security of Ukraine. Methodology. The methodological basis for the research is a set of modern general and specific methods and techniques of scientific knowledge, such as logical and semantic, dogmatic, analytical, documentary analysis, classification and systematization, modeling and forecasting methods. Research results. It was stated that these actors possess a specific set of minimal characteristics, which qualifies them as integral components within the structure of entities responsible for ensuring national security. In their activities, they pursue specific goals, thus implementing the function of ensuring national security. Thus, the corresponding circle of actors perform actions that are characterized by a special content, which is based on the rules of current legislation. Practical implementation. A notable feature of the entities under consideration is the performance of an important public meta function – the function of ensuring national security. This function is realized through the implementation of a set of target functions aimed at ensuring the conditions of national security. These target functions include law-making, protective, security, defense, control, coordination, ideological, and educational functions. It is also important to keep in mind that the studied actors are engaged in activities consistent with the principles of ensuring national security and comply with the requirements of current legislation. Value/originality. It is concluded that under current national security doctrine of Ukraine the actors ensuring it appear as subjects of administrative law, which are characterized by certain key features.

Audio-Visual Media in Online Learning Pencak Silat Ementary School Students

Modification-based learning is one strategy in an effort to increase interest in learning in students. One of them uses audio visual in learning pencak silat. This research aims to describe the process of improving Pencak Silat learning through audio-visual media in elementary school students. This research is class action research. The subjects in this study were grade IV elementary school students with a total of 31 students. The instrument used is a long jump performance test. The data analysis techniques used in this study are qualitative and quantitative descriptive. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the improvement of step pattern results through audiovisual media in grade IV elementary school students are characterized by an increase in the average grade of students. The average score of students in pre-action activities was 71.60 with a completion percentage of 28.57%. This condition increased the average student's grades in cycle I, which was 74.8, and the percentage of completeness by 61.90%. However, the increase still did not reach the target set earlier. Then after continuing to cycle II, the average grade of the student pattern again increased by 78.47 with a percentage of completion of 95.23%. This shows that the target that has been set before has been achieved so that the research is stopped in cycle II. The process of learning step patterns using an audio-visual approach is dynamic and fun. The ability of student step patterns increased by being marked by all complete learners KKM (Minimum Completion Criteria) which is 75. Keywords: audio-visual, Pencak silat, step patterns, Student

Using financial forecasting as a strategic catalyst for enhancing the financial performance of manufacturing companies in Kigali, Rwanda

Business organizations prioritize their financial performance, channeling significant effort into achieving superior results. This pursuit often involves setting targets, managing quotas, and focusing on crucial key ratios. Financial forecasting emerges as an indispensable tool in plotting the course toward optimal performance. It stands as a strategic asset that assesses strengths and weaknesses, becoming the cornerstone of decisions across production, inventory, personnel, and facilities. In the realm of manufacturing firms, effective financial forecasting isn't just pivotal—it's the linchpin for survival, growth, and sustained success. This study delved into the financial forecasting methods commonly employed by 842 manufacturing firms in Kigali, Rwanda. A sample of 90 firms, involving Directors of Finance and Accounting staff, illuminated insights critical to understanding this landscape. Results revealed that sales and profit forecasting reign supreme, embraced by 37.78% and 38.89% of these manufacturing entities, respectively. Yet, challenges persist, notably in achieving forecast accuracy and managing associated risks. Recommendations stem from this diagnosis, suggesting the establishment of review committees dedicated to enhancing forecasting methodologies. Ensuring the credibility and reliability of this study involved employing the test-retest method to validate and solidify the consistency and accuracy of the data. This approach underpins the findings, indicating that similar research efforts would yield consistent results, reinforcing the authenticity of the depicted ground reality. To bolster financial performance without limiting operational agility in a swiftly changing business environment, the study emphasizes the need for continued improvements in forecasting processes. This includes not only refining methods but also devising strategies to navigate unforeseen challenges effectively. Keywords: Financial performance, Financial forecasting, Strategic financial planning, Accounting staff, Manufacturing firms.

Clustering Productive Palm Land using the K- Means Clustering Algorithm

Indonesia is a country with a tropical climate that has many oil palm plantations. CV. Alkema Deo is one of the companies that manage oil palm plantations in Sampit City, East Kotawaringin Regency, Central Kalimantan. CV. Alkema Deo was founded in 2016 and has two plantation locations located on Jl. General Sudirman Km. 18, East Kotawaringin and Seibabi Village, Telawang District, East Kotawaringin. In this study, a qualitative approach was applied using a descriptive research pattern. In qualitative research, data is obtained from sources using various data collection techniques. Research using qualitative methods emphasizes the analysis of thought processes related to the dynamics of the relationship between observed phenomena, and always uses scientific logic. Based on the results of research for authors on a CV. Alkema Deo, the use of Excel in companies is quite good at processing data, but on a CV. Alkema Deo does not yet have land groupings based on productivity levels, so it is difficult to see the level achieved in 6 months based on the set target, and daily production control in terms of area and block area. Data obtained from CV. Alkema Deo is grouped based on area, block, and productivity. Application of data mining for grouping productive oil palm land on a CV. Alkema Deo with 4 variables, namely: land area, length, average production yield, percentage of achievement using the K-Means Algorithm to produce three clusters, namely 8 blocks or 50% including the high productive group (C2), 1 block or 6% blocks including the medium productive plantation group (C1), and 7 blocks or 44% including the small productive plantation group (C0).

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE EDUCATIONS TO POSTPARTUM ON IMMUNIZATION BEHAVIOR

Introduction: Immunization coverage in Cipelah village, Rancabali sub-district Bandung Regency in the last 3 months has decreased. So that the immunization coverage rate is below the set target of 80% (UCI). This happens, among others, because the education and knowledge of mothers is lacking so that mothers consider that immunizing babies is not necessary, while immunization itself has a very important function, namely to increase immunity in infants.. Method: This research uses analytic quantitative method with quasy experimental design. The population in this study were first-day postpartum mothers in Cipelah Village, Rancabali District, while 36 sample to be used in this study was taken from the population using purposive sampling technique where each member of the population must meet the inclusion criteria to become a sample in this study. Data analysis used in this study is the Chi square test.. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of providing education on maternal behavior in providing immunization to infants in Cipelah Village, Rancabali District, Bandung Regency. Result: The results showed that the characteristics of the two groups were homogeneous, namely most of them were 20-35 years old, had 1-3 children, the last education was high school, and the respondents' work status was housewives. The statistical test results show a value of p=0.01 <0.05 which means that there is a relationship between the provision of education to postpartum mothers with the behavior of immunization in infants.. Conclusion: There is an influence between the provision of education on maternal behavior in providing immunization to infants.

Multi-criteria analysis of deep pits sustainable development strategy

Relevance. Long periods of development of steeply dipping deposits necessitate multiple adjustments of mining and technical system throughout an open pit life cycle. The decisions made determine the development strategy of a mining enterprise for a long period. The complexity of making such strategic decisions depends on numerous influencing parameters. These parameters have a different impact, have a variety of units of measurement, target values, and are not only quantitative but also qualitative. There is a need for new approaches to the choice of development strategy of the mining and technical system of an open pit, as well as its main subsystem – the opening-up of an opencast system. It is proposed to base these approaches on multi-criteria decision-making methods that consider many influencing parameters. Aim. Development of a methodology for choosing a strategy for sustainable development of the deep open pit mining and technical system based on multi-criteria decision-making methods and assessment of the opening system parameters. Objects. Mining enterprise, mining and technical systems, opening system. Methods. Literature review, system analysis, multi-criteria decision making. Results. The authors have determined the main strategies for development of the mining and technical system for deep open pits. These strategies aim at achieving the sustainable development of the mining and technical system: adjustment of the current stage mining parameters; transition to a new stage of mining; transition to a combined open-underground mining; mine closure. The key role of the opening system in the structure of the mining and technical system is substantiated to ensure its sustainable development. The authors systematized the main parameters for evaluating the pit opening system and set target values for each parameter. A review of the main multi-criteria decision-making methods used to solve various problems in the mining industry is made. A rank coefficient is proposed for choosing the mining and technical system development strategy. The calculation of this coefficient is based on a combination of the fuzzy AHP and CRADIS multi-criteria methods. A method was developed for selecting a strategy for sustainable development of the mining and technical system of deep open pits. A case study was conducted on the conditions of the Maly Kuibas open pit. The obtained results strongly suggest that the best strategy with the highest ranking is the transition to the combined development method.

Building a highly efficient Streptomyces super-chassis for secondary metabolite production by reprogramming naturally-evolved multifaceted shifts

Streptomyces has an extensive array of bioactive secondary metabolites (SMs). Nevertheless, devising a framework for the heterologous production of these SMs remains challenging. We here reprogrammed a versatile plug-and-play Streptomyces super-chassis and established a universal pipeline for production of diverse SMs via understanding of the inherent pleiotropic effects of ethanol shock on jadomycin production in Streptomyces venezuelae. We initially identified and characterized a set of multiplex targets (afsQ1, bldD, bldA, and miaA) that contribute to SM (jadomycin) production when subjected to ethanol shock. Subsequently, we developed an ethanol-induced orthogonal amplification system (EOAS), enabling dynamic and precise control over targets. Ultimately, we integrated these multiplex targets into functional units governed by the EOAS, generating a universal and plug-and-play Streptomyces super-chassis. In addition to achieving the unprecedented titer and yield of jadomycin B, we also evidenced the potential of this super-chassis for production of diverse heterologous SMs, including antibiotic oxytetracycline, anticancer drug doxorubicins, agricultural herbicide thaxtomin A, and plant growth regulator guvermectin, all with the yields of >10 mg/g glucose in a simple mineral medium. Given that the production of SMs all required complexed medium and the cognate yields were usually much lower, our achievement of using a universal super-chassis and engineering pipeline in a simple mineral medium is promising for convenient heterologous production of SMs.

(Invited) Biosensing for Biomanufacturing of Therapeutics

Contemporary process analytical technologies (PATs) for biomanufacturing are available for continuously monitoring a small set of analytical targets or are limited by costly and time-consuming offline efforts, which require extensive bioseparation, sample conditioning, and reagent handling. With the prime focus of the biopharmaceutical industry crystallizing around monoclonal antibodies and cell/gene therapies and the need for nimble, efficient production platforms, it is more relevant than ever to create scalable, in-line, and high throughput quantification methods to interrogate and direct the control of complex, stochastic processes during a production run. To realize such capabilities, there is a unique opportunity to "steal" from the extensive body of research and development in biosensors and assays for mobile diagnostics. In this lecture, I will assess the unique challenges that that arise in re-designing biosensors to meet the needs of online/in-line analytics in biomanufacturing and present examples of our research in the integration of microfluidics and electrochemical sensing for viral vector and other biologics production.

Solving the Traveling Telescope Problem with Mixed-integer Linear Programming

The size and complexity of modern astronomical surveys has grown to the point where, in many cases, traditional human scheduling of observations are tedious at best and impractical at worst. Automated scheduling algorithms present an opportunity to save human effort and increase scientific productivity. A common scheduling challenge involves determining the optimal ordering of a set of targets over a night subject to timing constraints and time-dependent slew overheads. We present a solution to the “traveling telescope problem” that uses mixed-integer linear programming. This algorithm is fast enough to enable dynamic schedule generation in many astronomical contexts. It can determine the optimal solution for 100 observations within 10 minutes on a modern workstation, reducing slew overheads by a factor of 5 compared to random ordering. We also provide a heuristic method that can return a near-optimal solution at significantly reduced computational cost. As a case study, we explore our algorithm’s suitability to automatic schedule generation for Doppler planet searches.

Probabilistic k-swap method for uniform graph generation beyond the configuration model

Abstract Generating graphs with realistic structural characteristics is an important challenge for complex networks analysis, as these graphs are the null models that allow to describe and understand the properties of real-world networks. However, the field lacks systematic means to generate samples of graphs with predefined structural properties, because it is difficult to devise a method that is both flexible and guarantees to get a uniform sample, that is where any graph of the target set has the same probability to be represented in the sample. In practice, it limits the experimental investigation to a handful of models, including the well-known Erdős–Rényi graphs or the configuration model. The aim of this paper is to provide such a method: we design and implement a Monte Carlo Markov Chain process which is both flexible and satisfies the uniformity condition. Its assumptions are that: (1) the graphs are simple, (2) their degree sequence is fixed and (3) the user has at least one graph of the set available. Within these limitations, we prove that it is possible to generate a uniform sample of any set of such graphs. We provide an implementation in python and extensive experiments to show that this method is practically operational in several relevant cases. We use it with five specific set of constraints and verify that the samples obtained are consistent with existing methods when such a method is available. In those cases, we report that state-of-the-art methods are usually faster, as our method favours versatility at the cost of a lower efficiency. Also, the implementation provided has been designed so that users may adapt it to relevant constraints for their own field of work.

Strong Coupling Effects between Single Metal Site-Rich Carbon and PtCo Intermetallic Catalysts for Heavy-Duty Meas

Developing active and durable low-platinum group metal (PGM) oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) remains a critical challenge for heavy-duty vehicle (HDV) applications. This work comprehensively studies synergistic catalysts, composed of Pt-based nanoparticles and supports with atomically dispersed M-N-C sites (MnSA-NC), using a suite of experimental techniques and DFT calculations. DFT calculations predicted that the presence of Mn-N4 sites could induce a strong coupling effect between Pt and support, which can strongly bind with Pt to immobilize the Pt clusters and weaken the adsorption of oxygen on the Pt surface to enhance intrinsic activity. In addition to the favorable MnN4 dopants, the MnSA-NC support is optimal support with sufficient surface areas, porosities, and adequate graphitization degree. Subsequently, well-dispersed Pt and ordered L12-Pt3Co nanoparticles with an average diameter of 2.1 nm and 3.3 nm were deposited on the MnSA-N-C support, which was comprehensively studied as the ORR cathode catalyst for PEMFCs, presenting remarkable performance and durability. In particular, the Pt@MnSA-NC catalyst achieved a mass activity (MA) of 0.70 A mgPt −1 at 0.9 V iR -free and maintained 86 % of its initial performance after a 30,000-cycle accelerated stress test (AST). The L12-Pt3Co@MnSA-NC catalyst achieved much higher performance, with MA of 0.91 A mgPt −1 and current density of 1.63 A cm−2 at 0.7 V in an H2-air fuel cell at 150 kPaabs with 0.10 mgPt cm−2 on the cathode. Furthermore, under HDV operating conditions (250 kPaabs and 0.20 mgPt cm-2), the L12-Pt3Co@MnSA-NC catalyst delivered an impressive current density of 1.80 A cm−2 at 0.7 V, with only 13 % performance loss after the 30,000 cycles AST, showing great potential to meet the DOE target set for HDVs.

(Invited) Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Chemical Feedstocks: System Capacity and Specifications for Carbon Neutrality

The transition of an energy system that realizes net-zero CO2 emission requires both energy saving and electrification of energy demands, coupled with the use of CO2-free fuel such as hydrogen and synthetic hydrocarbons derived from captured CO2. In addition, carbon feedstocks for chemical products must originate from biomass, recycled plastics, and captured carbon from both factory effluent and air. In this regard, the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to chemical feedstocks is a promising and indispensable technology for the realization of carbon neutrality.To secure the social implementation of this technology, it is important to quantify the amount of CO2 that needs to be processed by a back-casting approach from an entire picture of a carbon-neutral energy system. Furthermore, the electricity input for CO2 reduction must be counted in reference to the total electricity demand of the energy system. The improvement in the energy efficiency of CO2 reduction is of crucial importance because the large amount of CO2 that needs to be processed may require electricity that exceeds the total electricity demand for direct use. When the CO2 footprint on electricity is not zero, the intensive use of electricity for CO2 reduction will result in the system with positive CO2 emission: the amount of CO2 converted into chemical feedstocks will be smaller than the emitted CO2 upon the generation of electricity which is necessary for electrochemical reduction.Therefore, it is significant to think about the role of electrochemical CO2 reduction from the viewpoint of the energy transition scenario towards net-zero CO2 emission and to analyze the process in terms of life-cycle assessment (LCA). In this presentation, we will focus on the net-zero energy scenario in Japan as an example and will quantify the amount of CO2 that needs to be either sequestered or, more hopefully, converted to chemical feedstocks. Our scenario analysis indicates that the electricity demand in Japan that realizes net-zero CO2 emission will be ca. 1500 TWh, which is ca. 1.5 times larger than the existing value due to the electrification of the existing fossil fuel usage. The amount of CO2 emission will be 84 million tons, which is ca. 8 % of the existing value. As an ideal case, the total amount, 84 million tons of CO2, is assumed to be converted to ethylene by electrochemical reduction rather than being sequestered into the ground. Then, ca. 700 TWh of electricity is required in addition to the electricity demand for direct use, 1500 TWh. The electricity demand for CO2 electrochemical reduction depends on system specifications. Here, the operation voltage of 3 V is assumed.The LCA of a CO2 electrochemical reduction system clarifies the specifications for negative CO2 emission from the system, which is a prerequisite of CO2 recycling. The life-cycle CO2 emission is dependent on the system configuration, and we found that CO2 recycling from a CO2 electrolysis reactor is of crucial importance for the realization of negative CO2 emission. With such a configuration, the most impactful factors on the CO2 balance (fixation versus emission) are the operation voltage and the Faradaic efficiency of CO2 reduction. For negative CO2 emission, they must be below 4 V and above 50%, respectively, assuming the CO2 footprint of electricity as 32 g/kWh corresponding to the existing level for renewable electricity. For 1.5 tons of CO2 fixation upon 1 ton of ethylene production, they must be below 3 V and above 80%, respectively. This analysis highlights the importance of setting targets for research and development from the viewpoint of LCA.