SDGs Targets Research Articles

Addressing Gender Disparity in Public Universities of Malaysia: Challenges and Achievements

Ensuring equal access to affordable higher education is a fundamental target of the Sustainable Development Goals SDGs to be achieved by 2030. Malaysia has committed to this target and introduced effective policies to accomplish the gaol as early as possible. This paper aimed to trace the effort made by Malaysian government in achieving gender parity. The paper used the most recent statistical data released by related higher education institutions. This coupled with the critical review and deep analysis of the documents and reports on higher education published in and out of Malaysia. The paper also employed both Gender Parity Index (GPI) and Gender Gap Global Index GGGI to measure gender parity. The findings showed that Malaysia has not only made efforts, but also achieved gender parity practically in public universities. The female gross enrolment ratio has jumped from only 10.7% in the 1950s to around (48%) of today. Despite this positive remark, gender stereotype is likely to continue taking other shapes and forms and still a room left for improvement.

Identification of the Influence of Socio, Demographic, and Economic Factors on Domestic Water Consumption Patterns (A Case Study: Bandar Lampung City, Indonesia)

Urban water management efforts are essential in encouraging the fulfillment of the SDGs targets. One action that can be done is to approach the calculation of the actual water consumption value. This research conducted a survey of domestic water consumption in Bandar Lampung City to obtain comprehensive information. Bandar Lampung City was chosen because it is one of the cities on the island of Sumatra with a high economic growth rate. Lampung Province is the top 3 province in Sumatera Island with the higher Gross Domestic Product Growth on 2022, with Bandar Lampung as its capital city. Furthermore, water consumption patterns were analyzed for various activities, socio demographic conditions, and the community's economy. The results showed that of the 404 samples, the average water usage was 195.08 liters/person/day, with the dominant activities in use including bathing (66.84 liters/person/day), flushing the toilet (35.71 liters/person) / day), and ablution (29.74 liters/person/day). Furthermore, the variable number of family members in one house and income level have significant different on total domestic water consumption. The results obtained in this study are expected to assist in making decisions regarding urban water management plans.

The construction of green finance and high-quality economic development under China's SDGs target.

The study of top economic growth with the goal of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has become an important issue in the world, and scholars have analyzed high-quality economic development(HED) influencing factors from many perspectives, but there are few studies on green finance(GF) and high-quality economic development(HED). we examine the logical link between green financing and high-quality economic development, as well as the transmission mechanism behind this relationship. Using data from 30 Chinese regions from 2011 to 2021, our empirical study shows that green financing may improve high-quality economic development. Several robustness tests show that this association exists. Furthermore, our findings indicate that more robust government governance and market synergy may promote green finance for high-quality economic development. Green finance can enhance high-quality economic development by minimizing resource mismatch and encouraging green technology advancement. Simultaneously, green finance for high-quality economic development is significantly heterogeneous. Green credit and green insurance are important forms of support for promoting high-quality economic development, with significantly higher impacts in the eastern regions than in the central and western regions. Our research offers policymakers insights on encouraging green finance growth in China.

Do Women on Boards Really Impact Firm Growth?

The issue of gender equality is one part of Indonesia's SDGs target. Gender equality refers to equality between men and women in fulfilling rights and obligations. One of the targets of Indonesia's SDGs for gender equality is to strengthen policies and legislation to increase gender equality and women's empowerment. These situations unquestionably impact the influence of women on board. This study examines the growth of LQ 45 businesses in Indonesia in connection to the number of female directors. This study was conducted using quantitative research approaches. In Indonesia, between 2019 and 2021, 34 LQ45 companies were chosen for the sample utilizing purposeful selection. This study shows that the presence of women on the board of directors will not have a favourable effect on the LQ 45 firm's growth in Indonesia between 2019 and 2021.

Relationship Between Accessibility to Health Services with Exclusive Breastfeeding

Globally, the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding is still less than 40%. Exclusive breastfeeding is the appropriate recommendation to build quality human resources. The infant mortality rate has not decreased according to the SDGs target. Neonatal death rate is 32/1000 live births. Difficulties in accessing health services can also be seen in Maternal and Child Health (MCH) program, where the MMR and IMR in several areas are still quite high. This study aims to determine the relationship between accessibility to health services related to exclusive breastfeeding. This study is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional analytic design. Primary data collection in the province of DKI Jakarta. Data collected and analyzed using SPSS 25 as univariate and bivariate analysis. The results showed that there was a relationship between the accessibility to health services with exclusive breastfeeding (p=0.040). Accessibility to health services is positively related to exclusive breastfeeding for infants. Ease of access to health services is the fulfillment of all items of access to health services that should be easily accessible to mothers. The item availability of health workers around the house (p=0.042) and health workers who examine mothers during childbirth (p=0.0001) had the greatest influence on access to health services so that it had a positive effect on exclusive breastfeeding. Ease of access to health services motivates and helps a mother to provide exclusive breastfeeding to her baby. We hope that access to health services and facilities can improve performance in providing easy access and the best services for mothers.

Village Funds Policy and its Impact on Improvement and Autonomy Status of Villages in Indonesia

”End poverty in all its forms everywhere” is the ultimate goal and crucial element of the world’s SDGs 2030 transformative agendas, as well as in Indonesia. The COVID-19 pandemic has hindered Indonesia from achieving its SDGs targets and reducing poverty, including rural poverty. The village funds policy sourced from the state budget is one of the policies that aims to alleviate rural poverty; thus, there will be a reduction of disadvantageous villages and an enhancement of self-sustained villages in Indonesia. This study aims to investigate the impact of village funds on the improvement and autonomy status of villages in Indonesia. It utilizes a quantitative method, namely linear regression of panel data using the Village Building Index (VBI) as the dependent variable and village funds as the independent variable over 2018-2021 in each regency/city in Indonesia. The result suggests that the village fund policy, through the 10% allocation of the state budget, has a positive and significant effect on changes in the improvement and autonomy status of the villages in Indonesia. The finding using the model (lin-log) tells us that a 1% increase in village funds will raise the VBI by 0.0013. This indicates that the village funds policy has contributed to the achievement of rural poverty alleviation goals, or it could be a pro-poor policy in order to achieve the purpose of the 1st SDGs goal.
 Keywords: SDGs, poverty, village funds policy, improvement and autonomy status of villages

Understanding Blended Finance: How different definitions of blended finance result in different inputs and outputs and what to expect

Several breakthroughs were made to achieve the SDGs targets, including in the development funding subject, namely blended finance. As a new approach to development financing, this approach is not yet widely understood. One of the basic problems is that there is no internationally agreed definition of what blended finance is. The actors translate this concept according to the characteristics of their respective institutions. This translation causes a variety of blended finance, from the types of input in the blended finance operation, what output is produced from the collaboration, to what impact these institutions expect from the blended finance project they are involved. This paper examines the definitions of blended finance from four institutions commonly involved in blended finance projects, i.e. OECD, DFI, Convergence, and the European Union. By reviewing a selection of reports and their working papers, it can be concluded that the input, output, and impact expected by these actors depend on the blended finance definition they make respectively. Actors whose definition focuses on development are more toward developmental impact, while actors whose definition focuses on an economic perspective prefer focusing on projects with profit-oriented impacts. Understanding the matter will help those new players in blended finance, including policymakers, to decide which partner is more suitable to collaborate in which phase of blended finance.

Relationship between Household Food Insecurity and Toddler Health

Food insecurity is a global issue and its alleviation is stipulated in the 2030 SDGs target 2.1, namely zero hunger and achieving food security for all people. Food insecurity can affect health physically, mentally, socially, and quality of life directly or indirectly due to malnutrition. This study aims to identify the relationship between the level of food insecurity and the health of children under five using an order logit regression model from the March 2021 Susenas data. This study used March 2021 Susenas data from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). The data used in this study is cross-sectional data at the individual level. The results show that food insecurity, according to the level of severity, is statistically significant and positively related to children's health complaints. Immunization as an important control variable is also statistically significant and positively related to toddler health complaints. Based on the food insecurity level, the order logit regression analysis results prove that food insecurity is significant and has a positive effect on health complaints. Food insecurity occurs not only in low-income household groups but also in high-income household groups.

Pengembangan Daerah Pesisir sebagai Objek Pariwisata di Kecamatan Bunobogu Kabupaten Buol

Botugolu Village, Bunobogu District, Buol Regency, Central Sulawesi Province, is one of the villages that has tourism potential that can have a positive impact on the development and progress of Buol Regency if a development strategy is carried out for this village. The development of tourist villages that have tourism potential is part of the vision and mission of the village head. This is very important to encourage the improvement of the community's economy. However, the obstacles in developing the tourism resources are the access road to the tourist attraction and the inadequate environmental conditions. This obstacle can be overcome through community participation that utilizes local potential to be able to jointly improve road access and care for the environment for the development of tourist villages. The principle of community participation is the main element in developing a tourist village launched by the local government. Thus, the Village Development KKNT program is very appropriate to be implemented to support local government programs through tourism development in improving the community's economy. The community service program to build the KKNT village, which will be implemented in Botugulo Village for two months, is expected to provide benefits for formulating village government activity program policies for the development of tourism villages based on the Village SDGs. In addition, it can improve the community's economy so that it requires community participation in the development of tourist villages. The output of this KKNT is increasing community knowledge and being able to innovate based on the results of lecturer service to improve people's living standards according to the achievement of SDGs, the existence of village policy formulations that include achieving SDGs targets related to Village Care for the Environment and Community Economic Improvement and the existence of community groups that are responsive to the potential of tourism villages and the economy of the community as well as environmental care groups.

Penyuluhan Berbasis Leaflet dalam Persiapan Persalinan

Introduction Reducing MMR and IMR is one of the indicators in the third Goal of the SDGs program which is a continuation of the MDGs. One of the SDGs targets is to reduce MMR to 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030 and reduce IMR to 16 per 1000 live births by 2024. The Purpose is to increase the knowledge of pregnant women about discomfort in pregnancy and how to deal with it. Methods In this community service the researchers focused on providing information education to pregnant women about discomfort in pregnant women with direct counseling methods and giving pre-tests and post-tests to these pregnant women, for those who could answer and were actively given souvenirs. Implementation on December 19, 2023 in Ciawi Bogor. Keywords : Leaflet, Labor Preparation

The Influence of Structured Physical Activity and Family Support on Mother's Readiness to Face Childbirth in the Independent Practice of Midwife Mila Ba'diawati Serang Banten

The data shows a downward trend in the MMR indicator (per 100,000 live births) from 390 in 1991 to 230 in 2020 or a decrease of -1.80 percent per year. Despite the decline, MMR still has not reached the 2015 MDGs target, which is 102 and the 2030 SDGs, which is less than 70 per 100,000 live births. On the IMR indicator, data shows a downward trend from 68 in 1991 to 24 in 2017 or a decrease of -3.93 percent per year. Similar to MMR, the reduction rate for IMR has not reached the 2015 MDGs target of 23 and the 2030 SDGs target of 12. The purpose of this study was to determine the Effect of Structured Physical Activity and Family Support on Mother's Readiness to Face Childbirth at the Independent Practice of Midwife Mila Ba'diawati Serang Banten Year 2022. This research method uses an analytical survey with a cross sectional design. The sample in this study were third trimester pregnant women as many as 32 respondents, the sampling technique was total sampling. Data analysis using chi square. The results of the study showed that there was a significant relationship between structured physical activity (0.011 <0.05), family support (P-Value < 0.022) with readiness for childbirth at Midwife Mila Ba'diawati Serang Banten Independent Practice in 2022.So that this research is expected to be able to provide education and informationabout readiness for labour.

Nature Conservation in Communities of Rural India through Perspective of UN SDGs

The global community is divided on economic status. The conditions of the poor communities are critical, especially in developing and underdeveloped nations. Most of these nations belong to the Asian, African, and South American continents. The nations from these continents owe rich natural heritage and cultural diversity. The eco-cultural ethos embedded in the indigenous customs and traditions of these nations has global relevance in the modern age of information. It is fact that the solution to any environmental challenge exists in the cultural roots of the nation. India is one of such nations which inhabit diverse eco-culture. The purpose of this paper is to understand the natural heritage of rural India and the local conservation practices prevalent in the rural communities to achieve the targets of UN SDGs. Undoubtedly, nature conservation and environment protection involve social dimensions connected to the local ecological setup. The eco-centric approach of the Indian culture lies in the concepts of ‘Vasudhaiv Kutubkam’ (Earth is one family), ‘Aranya Sanskriti’ (Forest Culture), and the ‘Prakriti Purush’ (Natural Human) which are deeply embedded in the traditions and the customs of the Indian society. Based on traditional conservation practices, the community manages the local natural heritage. The diversity of customs and traditions results in the vividness of the conservation practices. Thus, the socio-ecological systems could be used for site-specific conservation programs and policies.

Investigation of the concentration ratios of anthropogenic metal elements in fresh snow at mountain area as a tracer for the discrimination between short- and long-range transport contributions.

Atmospheric deposition of anthropogenic aerosols, which is concerned about several targets of SDGs, was investigated in Japan. Concentrations of trace metal elements (V, Ni, Cd, and Pb), which are index of source for fossil fuel combustion, in winter wet deposition (fresh snow) in mountain area were determined. Average concentrations of snow samples were 0.338 ± 0.289μg L-1 for V, 0.409 ± 0.724μg L-1 for Ni, 0.109 ± 0.110μg L-1 for Cd, and 1.77 ± 1.81μg L-1 for Pbμg L-1. No significant correlations between V and Ni were found for snow samples at remote mountains. A significant correlation between Cd and Pb was observed when the back trajectories of air mass deriving snowfall passed through Northeast China and Huabei. Significant correlations between V and Pb were found in mountains when the air mass passed through Northeast China and Huabei. Changes in normalized concentrations of trace metal elements in snow at the same snowfall event indicated contributions from short-range transportation in suburb area. The metal element concentration ratios were shown to be useful tracers for discrimination between short- and long-range contributions of anthropogenic elements in snow.

Toward achieving zero-emissions in European Union countries: The contributions of trade and overseas direct investments in consumption-based carbon emissions

<abstract> <p>To achieve the ideal emissions reduction goals, several studies have suggested that carbon emissions should be examined in the framework of both territorial and consumption-based emissions. Nevertheless, the European Union (EU) SDGs targets aimed at mitigating carbon emissions based on the United Nation (UN) Kyoto Protocol structure, only appears to be concerned with the reduction of territorial-based emissions whilst emissions embodied on imported goods and services receive very little attention. To this end, this study examines the contributions of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) and disaggregate trade flows toward consumption-based sustainability in twenty-one (21) EU countries for the period 1995–2019. The study utilizes the STIRPAT model (Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology) and battery of advanced econometric techniques such as the Cross-Sectional Autoregressive Distributed Lag (CS-ARDL), Common Correlated Effects (CCE) and the Cross-Sectional Distributed Lags (CS-DL) to examine the short-and long-run dynamics of OFDI and trade on consumption-based emissions. Finding reveals that EU exports and OFDI spillover reduces consumption-based emission, whilst import of goods and services promote emissions both in the short-run and long-run. This suggests that the progress report on carbon emissions reduction for most EU countries under the greenhouse gas accounting systems are merely carbon emissions outsourced to low-income countries whilst consumption-based emission continues to increase. These findings are robust to several econometric problems with set of policy implications provided for policymakers and governments to formulate more efficient strategies toward the mitigation of consumption-based carbon emissions among EU countries.</p> </abstract>

Potential of Rural Biogas from Cow Fecal Waste and Implementation of Sociopreneurship-Based Energy-Independent Village

The energy crisis is a crucial problem as evidenced by data from Indonesia Outlook Energy which states that 88% of the total electricity is comes from fossil fuels whose reserves continue to decline. This encourages the government to suppress the use of fossil fuels and look for alternative renewable energy sources. Indonesia has a promising livestock sector but its utilization is still not optimal. One of those is cow fecal waste that generally has been used as potential biogas. It is necessary to have a program to optimize the utilization of cow feces as biogas in villages and integrate it with the sociopreneurship-based energy-concept independent village. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the potential of cow fecal waste as an alternative energy source based on community conditions, analyze the implementation of energy-concept independent village, sociopreneurship basis and the financial aspects of the program, as well as implementation strategy and sustainability of the program to achieve SDGs target. The research was conducted using data collection methods, data processing, and data analysis. Energy-independent village is able to occupy its energy consumption by optimizing the potential from indigenous product. This program integrates a supporting system consisting of a Special Team, cow farmers, ROFES (House of Feces), and GUBAS (Village Biogas Warehouse). The implementation of this research program includes pre-production, production, and post-production stages. This program is expected to be able to contribute to fulfill the energy needs of the village by optimizing cow fecal waste and supporting the SDG's targets.

Desa Tanggap Budaya: Penguatan Tradisi Religi bagi Masyarakat di Desa Bongo Kecamatan Batudaa Pantai

The problem that occurs in Bongo Village is the presence of outside culture that enters so that it affects the attitude of religiosity and activities in the village. This is because of the tourism potential that impacts the entry of foreign tourists so that it can have an impact on the local community. This problem is actually an opportunity to introduce local traditions to foreign tourists by re-activating youth organizations to carry out cultural-based creative activities in attracting tourists so that it helps in improving the economy in Bongo village. In responding to these problems, it is necessary to develop the potential of Bongo Village as a Religious Tourism Village. One of the potentials that can be developed is the cultural potential inherent in the village from generation to generation, both daily activities, arts, culinary, livelihoods, crafts and others. This can be the basis for forming a concept of rural tourism based on the culture of the area, which of course can be an attraction for tourists, both domestic and foreign tourists. Therefore, through the Village Thematic Community Service Program, the Lecturer at the State University of Gorontalo offered a collaboration with a partner, namely Bongo Village, Batudaa Beach District, Gorontalo Regency, Gorontalo Province. Empowerment activities are in the form of structuring tourist facilities, socializing the strengthening of local community religious traditions, and planning Bongo Village to become a Religious Tourism Village with the concept of Halal Tourism. In line with the problems found, the expected outcomes of this activity are (1) increased public awareness in maintaining religious traditions (2) the availability of tourism facilities based on local culture, (3) the creation of an orderly, mutual cooperation, and community life. willing to sacrifice for the achievement of the SDGs targets. (4) the realization of the involvement of the provincial government, especially village officials in paying attention to the facilities and availability of facilities in the development of religious tourism villages

Community Participation in The Implementation of Waste Management Policies In Surabaya Main Waste Bank

The 2030 SDGs target will not be achieved as long as the environment is still polluted by wild waste. Wild waste is a problem that is closely related to households, where the city of Surabaya is free from the problem of illegal waste. Therefore, the participation of Surabaya City households in managing waste is the object of research. What drives households to participate in waste management activities, especially in BSIS, is discussed in this study. This research is a qualitative research with an interpretive social science approach. The research location was at BSIS where the data collection was obtained through literature, observation, documentation, and in-depth interviews with selected informants using a purposive technique. Checking the validity of the data used source triangulation and data analysis using qualitative data analysis techniques. The results of the study show that those who participate in BSIS are those who have economic motives or make BSIS a financial resource, have the skills to participate, carry out government commitments, adhere to the same social organization tradition, know the legal framework regarding waste banks, and have ease of accessing information.

Performance assessment regarding UNESCO Sustainable Development Goals 4 & 5 in Pakistan: Targets, Current Positions & Challenges

This paper contributes to the discussion on Sustainable Development Goals 4 and 5 by exploring the missing targets of the Millennium Development Goals and the challenges faced while achieving the target in Pakistan. The specific areas have been studied to highlight the status of goals 4 and 5 in the present scenario, which includes education and gender equality in terms of women's empowerment in the economy and politics. The situation in rural and urban areas varies significantly for both the elements, including education and gender equality, as most deprived areas lack school infrastructure, absenteeism of teachers at schools, and many others. However, gender discrimination also persists at all levels due to the patriarchal settings of society. It will take more effort to meet the targets in all such situations. Similarly, this study has produced the status of goals of South Asian regional countries to signify the variations in levels of education and gender equality in comparison with Pakistan. It is projected that developing countries and less per capita income-producing states are a long way to go while triumphing the targets of SDGs. This paper explored that the development of education and gender equality needs significant public spending because these sectors are critical to progress; due to this reason, it requires immediate reforms and policymaking which may increase the country’s capacity to overcome the degraded situation.

Factors Associated with the Use of Skilled Birth Attendants in Indonesia

The maternal mortality rate in Indonesia of 305/100,000 live births is still far from the SDGs target in the year 2030, which is 70/100,000 live births. The WHO states that the main causes of maternal mortality are bleeding, infection, preeclampsia-eclampsia, complications of childbirth, and unsafe abortion. This can be prevented if the mother can access health services, especially the use of skilled birth attendants to overcome complications of pregnancy and childbirth. This study aims to determine the factors associated with the use of skilled birth attendants in Indonesia. This cross-sectional study with a total sample of 4.543 women aged 15-49 years who gave birth to the last child selected in a sample of secondary data Indonesia Demographic Health Survey (IDHS) 2017. The dependent variable of the study was a skilled birth attendants and the independent variable was sociodemographic factors (age, education, employment, area of residence), antenatal factors (antenatal care examiner, antenatal place, antenatal frequency), medical factors (pregnancy complications and birth complications). The results of this study indicate that the dominant factor in the selection of skilled birth attendants is pregnancy examiners. Pregnancy examiners who examine the pregnancy by an obstetrician have the opportunity to choose a permanent delivery at an obstetrician, which is 8.33 (95% CI 6,75 – 10,29) times compared to choosing a midwife after being controlled by other variables.

Young mothers' attitudes towards domestic violence and their maternal healthcare services utilization in Bangladesh: A multilevel cluster analysis.

This paper examined the association between young mothers' attitudes towards domestic violence and four or more antenatal care (ANC) and health-center-based delivery service utilization using two cross-sectional waves of the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys (2014 and 2018) data. We carried out a multilevel logistic regression analysis. Findings show that a strong cluster variation exists in four or more ANC and health-center-based delivery service utilization. Although the utilization of four or more ANC and health-center-based delivery services has increased over the years, it is far behind the targets of SDGs, particularly for young mothers with justified attitudes towards domestic violence. Extension of maternity allowance coverage and motivational programs are important policy recommendations.