Taraxacum Officinale Extract Research Articles

The Effect of Diet Supplemented with Dandelion’s (Taraxacum Officinale) Extract on the Productive and Blood Parameters of Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio L.), Cultivated in the Recirculation System

Abstract The aim of the current study was to test the effect of a diet supplemented with dandelion’s (Taraxacum officinale) extract on the productive traits and blood parameters in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) cultivated in an recirculation aquaculture system. The carps were cultivated at a stocking density of 7.2 kg/m3 in recirculation aquaculture system. The fish were split into the following two experimental groups: DF (the fish were fed with feed supplemented with dandelion’s extract) and CF (the fish were fed with feed without supplementation). Common carp fed with a diet added with dandelion’s extract at a quantity of 0.8% from daily feed ratio, did not affect the hydrochemical parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen, and electrical conductivity). The carps fed with feed supplemented with dandelion’s extract did not show better productive traits compared with these found for carp from the control variant. The carp from experimental groups had a higher survival rate, final weight, average individual weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR), respectively with 13.2%, 3.94%, 31.5% and 31.3%, compared with the average values of these parameters measured in individuals fed with the control feed, but the differences were not statistically significant (P≥0.05). Supplementation of feed with dandelion’s extract significantly decreased the plasma cholesterol (4.76%) and triglyceride (61.2%) content, promoting hypolipidemic status in fish (P≤0.05).

Taraxacum officinale extract ameliorates dextran sodium sulphate-induced colitis by regulating fatty acid degradation and microbial dysbiosis.

Numerous data show that taraxacum officinale extract (TOE) exerts protective effects on inflammatory diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms by which TOE affects dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis remain unclear. After DSS‐induced colitis were treated with different concentrations of TOE for 8 days, the bodyweight, disease activity index (DAI), colon lengths and pathological scoring were assessed, and histopathological examination was confirmed by HE staining. Furthermore, a transcriptome sequencing was performed by using the colon tissues between TOE and DSS groups, and the differentially expressed genes were conducted for the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and were validated by qRT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry analysis. In addition, a 16S rDNA sequencing was carried out to distinguish the differential gut microbiota by using the mouse faecal samples between TOE and DSS groups. We found that TOE attenuated the clinical symptoms, lowered the inflammatory scoring and inhibited the secretion of proinflammatory factors TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6 in DSS‐induced colitis. KEGG and GSEA analysis demonstrated that fatty acid degradation and cytokine‐receptor signalling were predominantly enriched in TOE‐treated colitis as compared with the DSS group. Further investigations revealed that TOE increased the expression levels of Adh5, Aldh3a2 and Acox3, but decreased those of CCL20, CCR6 and CXCL1/5 in DSS‐induced colitis, where TOE also induced the enrichment of S24‐7 and adlercreutzia, but decreased the amount of anaerostipes, enterococcus, enterobacteriaceae and peptostreptococcaceae. In conclusion, TOE ameliorated DSS‐induced colitis by regulating fatty acid degradation and microbial dysbiosis.

Su1821 – Taraxacum Officinale Extracts Ameliorates Murine Experimental Colitis by Regulating Fatty Acid Degradation, Cytokines Secretion and Dysbacteriosis

Su1821 – Taraxacum Officinale Extracts Ameliorates Murine Experimental Colitis by Regulating Fatty Acid Degradation, Cytokines Secretion and Dysbacteriosis

Polyphenols Content, Antioxidant Activity, and Cytotoxicity Assessment of Taraxacum officinale Extracts Prepared through the Micelle-Mediated Extraction Method.

This experiment was conducted with extracts prepared from dandelion (Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg) leaves and flowers, using the micelle-mediated extraction method, with the surface active compound Triton X-100 and water–acetone as the extraction solvents. Extracts were, first, examined for the content of total phenols and the antioxidant capacity. All extracts showed good anti-radical properties, especially for leaves, in comparison to the flower samples. Flavonoids (mainly luteolin derivatives) and phenolic acids, predominated among the determined polyphenols. Quantitative analyses indicated acetone extract to be the richest in phenols (up to 0.535 mg/mL), in the case of dandelion leaves, and Triton X-100 extract in the case of flowers (0.385 mg/mL). Extracts were also evaluated for cytotoxicity to the model cell line (epithelial rabbit kidney cells RK13), using the colorimetric 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test and the real-time cell analysis method ((RTCA); xCELLigence system). The obtained results indicated that surfactants, especially non-ionic ones, can be effectively used as modifiers in the aqueous extraction of phenolic compounds from plant materials. An advantage over the traditional organic solvents is their non-flammability. Furthermore, surfactants might also be used at low concentrations. Studies on cell lines, however, indicated the cytotoxic effect of this type of compound, even in the trace amounts present in the extracts.

Phytochemicals and GC–MS analysis of bioactive compounds present in ethanolic leaves extract of Taraxacum officinale (L).

Objective: To identify the phytochemical constituents present in ethanolic leaves extract of Taraxacum officinale (T. o) and to elucidate the bioactive compounds.
 Methods: The fresh leaves of T. officinale (1000g) were shade dried at room temperature for 30 days and the dried leaves were made into a fine powder. The ethanolic leaves extract obtained was dried with help of desiccator and rotatory evaporator. The dried samples tested for phytochemical analysis and bioactive compounds profiling through GC-MS analysis.
 Results: The phytochemical screening studies showed presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenol, cardiac glycosides and anthraquinones. in the leaves extract of T. officinale. GC-MS analysis showed 10 essential bioactive compounds and it revealed the presence of significant anticancer, Antimicrobial and antidiabetic compounds.
 Conclusions: The ethanol extract of T. o possess the most important phytochemical compounds and it has various medicinal properties to cure dangerous diseases and disorders.
 Keywords: Taraxacum officinale, Phytochemicals analysis, GC–MS analysis, Biological compounds.

Antidepressive Effects of Taraxacum Officinale in a Mouse Model of Depression Are Due to Inhibition of Corticosterone Levels and Modulation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase-1 (Mkp-1) and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (Bdnf) Expression.

BackgroundDepression is a common disorder linked with high levels of chronicity, psycho-social and physical problems, and suicide. Here, we assessed the antidepressant effects of the hydromethanolic extract of Taraxacum officinale and investigated the underlying mechanism.Material/MethodsAntidepressant effects were examined by use of the tail suspension test (TST). Concentrations of corticosterone, dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline were examined by biochemical assays. The mRNA expression was assessed by quantitative RT-PCR. Phytochemical analysis was performed by LC/MS.ResultsThe results showed that the extract at the dosage of 50 and 100 mg/kg significantly (p<0.01) alleviated the TST-induced immobility in the mice, and the effects were comparable to the antidepressant drug Bupropion, which was used as the positive control. Investigation of the underlying mechanism revealed that the T. officinale extract exerts it effects by significantly (p<0.05) decreasing the levels of corticosterone and increasing the concentrations of dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline. Further, the extract also increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf), which was associated with significant (p<0.05) decrease in the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (Mkp-1), indicative of the antidepressant potential of T. officinale. Finally, the active constituents of the extract, which include isoetin, hesperidin, naringenin, Kaempferol, sinapinic, and gallic acid, were also identified, which could potentially be responsible for its antidepressant effects.ConclusionsIn conclusion, T. officinale exerts significant antidepressant effects in a mouse model of depression by inhibition of corticosterone levels and modulation of Mkp-1 and Bdnf expression.

Effect of Taraxacum officinale extract on PI3K/Akt pathway in DMBA-induced breast cancer in albino rats.

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent types of cancer and a leading cause of death in women. Materials and methods: An experimental model of breast cancer was induced in female albino rats using single intragastric dose of 7, 12 dimethylbenz (α) anthracene (DMBA) in sesame oil (50 mg/kg b.wt). Four months after DMBA administration, incidence of breast cancer was confirmed by measuring cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) serum levels. Taraxacum officinale ssp. officinale root extract (TOE) was administered in a dose of 500 mg/kg by oral gavage for 4 weeks after breast cancer incidence. Level of CA15-3 as one of the best known breast tumor markers was elevated in all positive breast cancer rats. The genetic effects of TOE on Pdk1–Akt1–Pik3r1–Map3k1–Erbb2–PIk3ca using semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis were evaluated. In parallel, histopathological changes and immunohistochemical expression of Bcl2 in mammary gland tissues were examined. Results: Level of CA15-3 was normalized in DMBA group administered TOE for 4 weeks. Administration of DMBA increased expression of Pdk1, Akt1, Pik3r1, Map3k1, Erbb2 and PIk3ca. Treatment with TOE normalized the up-regulated mRNA for all examined genes except Pik3ra that was up-regulated. Mammary gland tissues of DMBA group showed excessive proliferation of lining epithelium of acini and ductules with hyperchromatic nuclei with excessive immunostaining of Bcl2 in the proliferated epithelium that was ameliorated by TOE administration. In conclusion, TOE regulated PI3K and Akt pathways involved in suppression of breast cancer growth and proliferation. TOE is effective as anticancer herbal agent.

Steroidogenic effects of Taraxacum officinale extract on the levels of steroidogenic enzymes in mouse Leydig cells

ABSTRACTIn this study, we investigated the steroidogenic effect of Taraxacum officinale extract on mouse TM3 Leydig cells, which produce male hormones by increasing the levels of steroidogenic enzymes. Steroidogenic enzymes are involved in the production of testosterone in the testis. To date, the steroidogenic effect of T. officinale has not been reported. Therefore, we examined the steroidogenic effects of T. officinale extract (TOE) on mouse Leydig cells in vitro. Traditionally, plants have been used for the treatment of various kinds of ailments. For many years, some medicinal plants have been used to regulate steroidogenesis or late-onset hypogonadism (LOH). In particular, plants belonging to the genus Taraxacum have anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer properties. In this study, we determined whether the TOE exerts steroidogenic effects by increasing the levels of enzymes associated with steroidogenesis, such as the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR), CYP11A1, and translocator protein (TSPO) in the mitochondria and CYP17A1 in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, in mouse Leydig cells. Our results showed that the TOE significantly increased the mRNA and protein levels of steroidogenic enzymes, thereby increasing the testosterone levels in mouse Leydig cells. Thus, our results indicate that the TOE increases the levels of steroidogenic enzymes, and further studies are required to establish the potential of this plant in regulating steroidogenesis and improving LOH.

Taraxacum officinale extract shows antitumor effects on pediatric cancer cells and enhance mistletoe therapy

ObjectivesWhile Taraxacum officinale (dandelion) extracts showed antitumor effects on adult cancer cells, effects on pediatric tumor cells as a single agent or in combination with mistletoe extracts are hitherto unknown. Material and methodsThe anti-proliferative effects of an aqueous fermented Taraxacum officinale extract (Taraxacum) on a pediatric cancer cell line panel were assessed by cell viability assays (MTT). In two neuroblastoma cell lines, SH-SY5Y and Kelly, the effects on cell cycle distribution (PI staining), mitochondrial integrity (MitoTracker staining), invasion (Boyden chamber assay) and migration (Scratch-assay) as well as the synergistic effects of the co-treatment of Taraxacum and mistletoe preparations (Iscucin® Tiliae or Iscucin® Pini) were investigated. ResultsAll tested cancer cell lines were more susceptible to Taraxacum than the normal human fibroblast cell line, NHDF-C. In neuroblastoma cell lines Taraxacum caused apoptosis and loss of mitochondrial integrity as well as an inhibition of invasion and migration. The simultaneous therapy of Taraxacum and the mistletoe extracts revealed synergistic effects. ConclusionThis preclinical data support the use of Taraxacum as a potential adjuvant application in pediatric oncology.

Anti-inflammatory evaluation of the methanolic extract of Taraxacum officinale in LPS-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells

BackgroundAtherosclerosis is a chronic vascular inflammatory disease. Since even low-level endotoxemia constitutes a powerful and independent risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis, it is important to find therapies directed against the vascular effects of endotoxin to prevent atherosclerosis. Taraxacum officinale (TO) is used for medicinal purposes because of its choleretic, diuretic, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic properties, but its anti-inflammatory effect on endothelial cells has not been established.MethodsWe evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of TO filtered methanol extracts in LPS-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by monocyte adhesion and western blot assays. HUVECs were pretreated with 100 μg/ml TO for 1 h and then incubated with 1 μg/ml LPS for 24 h. The mRNA and protein expression levels of the targets (pro-inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules) were analyzed by real-time PCR and western blot assays. We also preformed HPLC analysis to identify the components of the TO methanol extract.ResultsThe TO filtered methanol extracts dramatically inhibited LPS-induced endothelial cell–monocyte interactions by reducing vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. TO suppressed the LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB, whereas it did not affect MAPK activation.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrated that methanol extracts of TO could attenuate LPS-induced endothelial cell activation by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. These results indicate the potential clinical benefits and applications of TO for the prevention of vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis.

ID: 1015 Taraxacum officinale (dandelion) extract efficiently inhibited the breast cancer stem cell proliferation

Introduction:&#x0D; Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) play an important role in breast cancer initiation, metastasis, recurrence, and drug resistance. Therefore, targeting BCSCs is an essential strategy to suppress cancer growth. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dandelion Taraxacum officinale extracts on BCSC proliferation in vitro in 2D and 3D cell culture platforms.&#x0D; Methods:&#x0D; The BCSCs were maintained understandard conditions, verified for expression of CD44 and CD24 surface markers, and transfected with GFP before use in experiments. In the 2D model, the BCSCs were cultured as adherent cells in standard culture plates; in the 3D model, the BCSCs were cultured on low-adherent plates to form spheroids. The effect of Dandelion extracts on proliferation of BCSC was assessed by evaluating induction of cell death, expression of genes of death receptor signaling pathways, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by BCSCs.&#x0D; Results:&#x0D; BCSCs formed spheroids as microtumors in vitro and exhibited some in vivo characteristics of tumors, such as increased expression of N-cadherin and Slug, decreased expression of E-cadherin, capacity to invade into the extracellular matrix (ECM), and presence of a hypoxic environment at the core of tumor spheroids. The dandelion extracts significantly inhibited BCSC proliferation in both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) models of BCSCs. However, the IC50 value of dandelion extracts in BCSCs in the 3D model was much higher than that in the 2D model. The results also demonstrated that BCSCs treated with Dandelion extracts showed increased expression of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and TRAIL receptor 2 (TRAILR2; i.e. death receptor 5;DR5). Moreover, treatment induced expression of DR4. Treatment with methanol dandelion extract enhanced production of ROS in BCSCs.&#x0D; Conclusion:&#x0D; Dandelion extracts are promising extracts for the treatment of breast tumors. The effect of methanol dandelion extract was better than that for ethanol extract. Importantly, BCSCs in 3D exhibited stronger drug resistance than those in 2D. In summary, our results indicate the strong potential of dandelion extracts as anti-cancer agents and rational use for drug development.

Protective effect of Silybum marianum and Taraxacum officinale extracts against oxidative kidney injuries induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats

The protective effect of the extracts of the plants Silybum marianum and Taraxacum officinale by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was researched. Sixty-six female Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups: Control, Silybum marianum, Taraxacum officinale, CCl4, Silybum marianum+ CCl4, Taraxacum officinale+CCl4. The Silybum marianum and Taraxacum officinale extracts were administered as 100 mg/kg/day by gavage. The CCl4 was administered as 1.5 mL/kg (i.p.). At the end of the trial period, in the serums obtained from the animals, in the CCl4 group it was found that the MDA level increased in the kidney tissue samples as well as in the ALP and GGT enzyme activities. It was also found that the GSH level and the GST enzyme activities decreased (p<.05). The microscopic evaluations showed that the CCl4 caused a serious hydropic degeneration, coagulation necrosis, and mono-nuclear cell infiltration in the kidney cell. In the animals where CCl4 and Silybum marianum and Taraxacum officinale extracts were applied together, it was found that the serum ALP and GGT enzyme activities decreased and that the MDA level decreased in the kidney tissue, and that the GSH level and GST enzyme activities increased. It was observed that the histopathological changes caused by the CCl4 toxicity were corrected by applying the extracts. Eventually, it was determined that the Silybum marianum was more effective. Silybum marianum and Taraxacum officinale extracts which were used against histopathological changes in the kidney caused by toxication showed a corrective effect, which were supported by biochemical parameters.

Taraxacum officinale dandelion extracts efficiently inhibited the breast cancer stem cell proliferation

Background: Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) play an important role in breast cancer initiation, metastasis, recurrence, and drug resistance. Therefore, targeting BCSCs is an essential strategy to suppress cancer growth. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dandelion Taraxacum officinale extracts on BCSC proliferation in vitro in 2D and 3D cell culture platforms. Materials and Methods: The BCSCs were maintained under standard conditions, verified for expression of CD44 and CD24 surface markers, and transfected with GFP before use in experiments. In the 2D model, the BCSCs were cultured as adherent cells in standard culture plates; in the 3D model, the BCSCs were cultured on low-adherent plates to form spheroids. The effect of Dandelion extracts on proliferation of BCSC was assessed by evaluating induction of cell death, expression of genes of death receptor signaling pathways, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by BCSCs. Results: BCSCs formed spheroids as microtumors in vitro and exhibited some in vivo characteristics of tumors, such as increased expression of N-cadherin and Slug, decreased expression of E-cadherin, capacity to invade into the extracellular matrix (ECM), and presence of a hypoxic environment at the core of tumor spheroids. The dandelion extracts significantly inhibited BCSC proliferation in both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) models of BCSCs. However, the IC50 value of dandelion extracts in BCSCs in the 3D model was much higher than that in the 2D model. The results also demonstrated that BCSCs treated with Dandelion extracts showed increased expression of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and TRAIL receptor 2 (TRAILR2; i.e. death receptor 5; DR5). Moreover, treatment induced expression of DR4. Treatment with methanol dandelion extract enhanced production of ROS in BCSCs. Conclusion: Dandelion extracts are promising extracts for the treatment of breast tumors. The effect of methanol extract (with dandelion extract) was better than that for ethanol extract. Importantly, BCSCs in 3D exhibited stronger drug resistance than those in 2D. In summary, our results indicate the strong potential of dandelion extracts as anti-cancer agents and rational use for drug development.

Can Taraxacum officinale (Dandelion) Extract Be An Alternative of Paracetamol in Inflammatory and Painful Cases? An evaluation with Regard to Biochemical and Reproductive Parameters

Can Taraxacum officinale (Dandelion) Extract Be An Alternative of Paracetamol in Inflammatory and Painful Cases? An evaluation with Regard to Biochemical and Reproductive Parameters

Protective Effect of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) Extract Against Gentamicin–Induced Reproductive Damage in Male Rats

Protective Effect of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) Extract Against Gentamicin–Induced Reproductive Damage in Male Rats

아질산염 소거 작용을 가진 산채 혼합물을 함유한 김치의 항산화 활성 및 산화적 신경세포 사멸 억제 효과

This study was carried out to investigate the nitrite scavenging activities (NSA) of nine kinds of wild vegetables in a NaNO2 model system and nitrite of Chinese cabbage as well as the inhibitory effect of kimchi containing a mixture of wild vegetables (MWV) with nitrite scavenging activity on brain neuronal cell death. NSA was higher at pH 1.2 than pH 4.2 in all samples. NSA of extracts from sprouts of Oenothera laciniata and Aster scaber (AS) was above 90% at pH 1.2. AS, Codonopsis lanceolate (CL), Adenophora triphylla (AT), Platycodon grandiflorum (PG), and Taraxacum officinale (TO) extracts showed significantly higher levels of NSA than those from other extracts at pH 4.2. CL, AT, PG, and TO extracts showed high NSA on nitrite of Chinese cabbage. In addition, the effects of MWV on antioxidant and brain neuronal cell death induced by oxidative stress were investigated in human brain neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. MWV extract attenuated H2O2-induced cell death and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in SK-N-SH cells. MWV extract showed significantly higher DPPH radical scavenger activity when compared to normal kimchi extract. MWV extract showed an inhibitory effect on brain neuronal cell death against oxidative stress by antioxidant activities.

Hypolipidemic effect of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) extracts via fecal lipid excretion in C57BL/6 mice fed an atherogenic diet

Hypolipidemic effects of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) extracts were investigated in C57BL/6 mice fed atherogenic diet for 6 weeks. Control, DWE (I and II) (1.5 and 3% dandelion water extract) and DEE (I and II) (1.5 and 3% dandelion ethanol extract) groups were used. Plasma triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels and the atherogenic index of dandelion groups were significantly (p<0.05) reduced, compared to controls. Hepatic total lipids, TG, and cholesterol levels were significantly (p<0.05) decreased in DEE groups, while the cholesterol level was significantly (p<0.05) decreased in DWE II group, compared to controls. Fecal lipid excretion was significantly (p<0.05) increased in DEE groups. Expression of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase was significantly (p<0.05) down-regulated in DWE groups and up-regulated in DEE groups, compared to controls. DWE and DEE exert a hypolipidemic effect via decreased HMG CoA reductase expression and increased fecal lipid excretion.

포공영 기원식물의 mouse 기억력 개선효과 비교

ABSTRACT Objectives : The purpose of this study was to characterize the effect of the fraction of Taraxacum officinale and T.coreanum on the learning and memory impairments induced by scopolamine.Methods : The cognition-enhancing effect of Taraxacum officinale and T.coreanum was investigated using a passive avoidance test, the Morris water maze test and Y-maze t est in mice. Drug-induced amnesia was induced by treating animals with scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.).Results : The results showed that the Aug harvested T.offiicinale extract-treated group (200 mg/kg, p.o.) and the tacrine-treated group (10 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly amelio rated scopolamine-induced amnesia based on the Passive avoidance Y-maze test and Watermaze test. And these res ults are same manner in DPPH radical scavenger effect and Acetylcholineseterase inhibition effect. Conclusions : These results suggest that Taraxacum officinale extract maybe a useful cognitive impairment treatment, and its beneficial effects are depending on the coll ecting time and origin plants. As a result, Taraxacum officinale harvested in August improve memory most. Key words : Taraxacum officinale, Collecting time, Memory enhancing, scopolamine

서양민들레와 흰민들레 추출물의 Nitric Oxide 생성억제 및 소거 활성과 Tyrosinase 저해 활성

The study was conducted to investigate functional materials as skin whitening and anti-inflammatory agent from Taraxacum officinale and Taraxacum coreanum. The total polyphenol and flavonoid content in the ethanol extract of Taraxacum officinale were found to be 64.07㎎/g and 32.46㎎/g, respectively. In tyrosinase inhibitory activity, the hot water extract of Taraxacum coreanum was higher than the other extracts. However, in nitric oxide (NO) scavenging ability, the ethanol extract of Taraxacum coreanum was higher than the other extracts. the ethanol extract of Taraxacum coreanum showed strong NO production inhibitory effect in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Raw 264.7 cell. In the cell viability measurement by MTT assay and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay against L929 cell, the extracts were exhibited fine cell viabilities and normal LDH release levels as nontoxic result in sample concentration of 250~1000 ㎍/㎖. As a result, the ethanol extract and the hot water extract of Taraxacum coreanum could be applicable to functional materials for anti-inflammatory and skin whitening related fields, respectively.

The effects of dietary Houttuynia cordata and Taraxacum officinale extract powder on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics and meat quality in finishing pigs

A total of 144 [(Landrace×Yorkshire)×Duroc] finishing pigs with initial body weight (BW) of 50.09±0.51kg were used to evaluate the effects of Houttuynia cordata (H. cordata) and Taraxacum officinale (T. officinale) extract powder on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics and meat quality in pig. Pigs were allotted to 1 of 3 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design according to their sex and BW (12 replicates with 4 pigs per pen (2 gilts and 2 barrows)). Dietary treatments included: 1) CON (basal diet), 2) H1 (CON+H. cordata extract powder 1g/kg) and 3) T1 (CON+T. officinale extract powder 1g/kg). Pigs fed H1 diets increased average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake ADFI (P<0.05) compared with those fed CON diet throughout the experiment. The inclusion of T1 led to a greater ADG (P<0.05) than CON treatment during the whole experiment. Administration of T1 improved (P<0.05) ADFI compared with CON treatment during 0 to 5 and 0 to 10weeks. Dietary H1 treatment led to a higher dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) digestibility than CON group (P<0.05). Pigs fed the T1 treatment increased the N digestibility compared with CON treatment (P<0.05). Supplementation of H1 led to a higher (P<0.05) white blood cell (WBC) concentration than CON group at the end of 5weeks. Both T1 and H1 treatments increased (P<0.05) Longissimus muscle (LM) area and the 2-Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value than those in CON group. In conclusion, the inclusion of H. cordata extract powder (1g/kg) increased growth performance, DM and N digestibility, blood WBC concentration, meat LM area and TBARS value, whereas T. officinale extract powder supplementation (1g/kg) increased growth performance, meat LM area and TBARS value in finishing pigs.