Layers Of Tape Research Articles

Enhancement of Fatigue Life in TiNi Shape Memory Alloy by Ultrasonic Shot Peening

The fatigue property of shape memory alloy (SMA) is one of the most important subjects in view of evaluating functional characteristics of SMA elements. In the present study, ultrasonic shot peening (USP) was applied to induce compressive residual stress on the surface layer of TiNi SMA tape and the influence of USP on the bending fatigue life was investigated. The fatigue life of USP-treated tape is longer than that of the asreceived tape. The fatigue life of the tape USP-treated with high coverage is longer than that with low coverage. The fatigue life of the USPtreated tape increases in proportion to the hardness on the surface of the tape. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.MBW201408]

Research on the Tire Rope Lift-Off Process

Tire crushing body is divided for the purpose of separating the wire. Wheels of Steel Shares will be made by a single, Stripping the wire and colloidal by roll extrusion. The tread belt layer composed of steel wire rope is made. Peel method using a roll extrusion method can not. It is after stripping tread peeling rope belt layer to peel. Tread was cut into strips at first, then stripped from steel tread belt layer surface,.With a layered approach to rope belt layer stripped from the carcass . You can use sliced ​​or milling method to release the rope. Sliced ​​on the rope can form a sheet body peeling. Milling peeling green tape layer is formed on the wire cutting and tearing. Dividing the body on the fixed milling peeling easier.

Development of the technology of diagnostics of turbo-jet aviation engines by a filtering element with a diagnostic layer

The possibility to use the Dirt Alert diagnostic layer to diagnose PS-90A engines equipped with QA-07930-01 filter elements by Pall Corporation is shown. Division of Dirt Alert diagnostic layer into parts according to their height allows to get wash samples and to make diagnostics of PS-90A engine without disassembly and replacement of main filter element before completion of its mission. Device and ultrasound methodology of wear debris particles extraction from diagnostic layer are developed. It is determined that wash sample presentability is provided by single passage of diagnostic layer in tape drive during 20 minutes. The possibility to use a statistical model of operational PS-90A engine equipped with the filter element without diagnostic layer that had been previously developed basing on wash sample analysis in order to make a diagnostic decision on PS-90A engines equipped with QA-07930-01 filter element is considered. In this model, wear debris particles ratings are used as diagnostic parameters. It is shown that parameters of wash sample wear debris particles extracted from diagnostic layer of QA-07930-01 filter element do not differ from QA-07930 filter element wash sample particles parameters. It means that PS-90A engine equipped with QA-07930-01 filter element technical state evaluation is possible with use of the statistical model of operational PS-90A engine equipped with the filter element without diagnostic layer developed basing on scintillation analysis of wash sample taken from QA-07930 filter element. The conclusion is made that perspective direction to get express and reliable results of technical state evaluation for PS-90A engine lubrication system is to equip engines of this type with QA-07930-01-type filter element.

Characteristics of Each Bonded Layer of a Polymer-Based Magnetic Tape Using Rule-of-Mixtures and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis

A rule-of-mixtures approach is used with dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) to determine the viscoelastic characteristics of individual layers of a fourth-generation advanced magnetic tape used for archival storage. Such tapes are comprised of three layers: a 0.92 µm thick poly(ester-urethane)-based front coat that binds the magnetic particles together, a 5.00 µm thick poly(ethylene naphthalate) substrate, and a protective 0.64 µm thick back coat with cellulose nitrate as a constituent. The storage modulus, loss modulus, and loss tangent determined for each layer are discussed in terms of their influence on magnetic tape properties and characteristics.

Facile one-step forming of NiO and yttrium-stabilized zirconia composite anodes with straight open pores for planar solid oxide fuel cell using phase-inversion tape casting method

The anode of NiO and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) with straight open pores is prepared by phase-inversion tape casting method. In the as-prepared green tape, its top and middle layers are derived from a slurry of NiO and YSZ, while the bottom layer from a slurry of graphite. The graphite layer is eliminated by calcination at elevated temperatures, leaving the finger-like porous layer exposed to the gas phase. A cell supported on the as-prepared anode substrate exhibits satisfactory electrochemical performances with a maximum power density of 780 mW cm−2 at 800 °C. The cell dose not show a convex-up curvature in I–V plots at high current density as often observed for most anode-supported cells, indicating the absence of concentration polarization which is in turn attributed to the open pore structure of the phase-inversion derived anode. The phase inversion tape casting technique explored in the present study involves almost the same equipments as and similar procedures to the conventional tape casting, and after further optimization it may become a simple and effective technique for mass production of anodes for SOFCs.

Direct Write Electronics – Thick Films on LTCC

For low volume, high value microelectronic applications reducing cost and time to initial production parts in Low Temperature Cofired Ceramics (LTCC) play a big part in customer satisfaction. Using Direct Write Electronics (DWE) for conductor printing and other structures has the potential to reduce time to production through elimination of intermediate tooling and to reduce waste by applying expensive materials only where they are needed. Additional benefits may be realized by using DWE: wire bonds may be replaced by dispensed conductors; individual layers and parts may be uniquely labeled at the time of printing to improve traceability of product throughout the line and reducing manufacturing errors. This paper investigates using engineered fluid dispensing to print interior and exterior conductors on a demonstration Multi-Chip Module (MCM). Industry standard materials and processes are used to form individual layers of unfired LTCC tape, as well as the forming and filling of interlayer connecting vias with conductive thick film paste. Conductor patterns on each layer are created by dispensing modified Au conductor paste with a commercial three-axis machine with a fine-tipped dispensing pump. Standard processes for collation, lamination, and sintering were followed by aerosol jet printing of Ag ink with a commercial print head mounted on a custom, 6-axis positioning gantry to form wire bond replacements, part identification and individualized markings. Resultant parts are tested for electrical functionality and cross sections are compared to in-progress build photos and line measurements to study the effect of the new printing method vs. structures produced with standard conductor printing processes.

Low-Cost Disposable Cartridge for Performing a White Blood Cell Count and Partial Differential at the Point-of-Care.

Being able to perform a white blood cell (WBC) count and differential is a crucial laboratory test for basic diagnostic practices. In this paper, we demonstrate proof of concept results for a disposable cartridge that could be used to perform a WBC count and 3-part differential at the point-of-care. The cartridge is composed of a glass slide, a layer of transfer tape, and a glass cover slip and incorporates acridine orange for cell staining and sub-type differentiation; the stained blood is then imaged, and image analysis techniques return a WBC count and 3-part differential. The cartridge was tested on a laboratory microscope with 3 normal samples, and had promising results with 85.7% of images resulting in a WBC count with ±15% of the true value. Further, the 3-part differential concentrations determined using the disposable cartridge had strong correlations with the true concentrations (R2 values of 0.9986, 0.9421, and 0.6942 for granulocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes, respectively). Preliminary designs for a low-cost, portable microscope have been created and are currently being prototyped.

Trapped Field Profiles for 40-mm Wide Superconducting Tape Pieces

Stacks of superconducting tape can be magnetized to form a new type of permanent magnet due to their ability to circulate persistent currents. Previous work has mostly focussed on magnetization of smaller stacks made of 12-mm tape, but this study reports the trapped field from both field cooling and pulsed field magnetization at 77 K for larger 40-mm wide, high-temperature superconducting tape produced by Bruker HTS. The tape used in this study had a critical current of approximately 570 A at 77 K (self-field). The trapped field profile is reported for a stack of eight octagonal tape pieces showing very high symmetry, and detailed Hall probe scans of the individual tape layers at 77 K reveal the uniformity of the pieces and presence of any defects which divert current flow. The effect of cutting the layers and also applying compressive strain on the tape pieces was investigated. It was found that cutting the 40-mm large squares into octagons had negligible effect on trapped field whilst compressing the layers, which are naturally curved, can lead to reversible degradation of trapped field for large enough compression. Magnetized stacks of tape of a large size and relatively uniform current density represent an attractive technology for trapped field permanent magnets with high magnetic field and flux.

A new paper-based platform technology for point-of-care diagnostics.

Currently, the Lateral flow Immunoassays (LFIAs) are not able to perform complex multi-step immunodetection tests because of their inability to introduce multiple reagents in a controlled manner to the detection area autonomously. In this research, a point-of-care (POC) paper-based lateral flow immunosensor was developed incorporating a novel microfluidic valve technology. Layers of paper and tape were used to create a three-dimensional structure to form the fluidic network. Unlike the existing LFIAs, multiple directional valves are embedded in the test strip layers to control the order and the timing of mixing for the sample and multiple reagents. In this paper, we report a four-valve device which autonomously directs three different fluids to flow sequentially over the detection area. As proof of concept, a three-step alkaline phosphatase based Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) protocol with Rabbit IgG as the model analyte was conducted to prove the suitability of the device for immunoassays. The detection limit of about 4.8 fm was obtained.

Stack of solid oxide fuel cells

Purpose – The paper aims to present the innovative design of a planar multilayered high temperature solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), which is easy to manufacture, and features high resistance to rapid temperature changes. Temperature resistance was accomplished thanks to easy to heat, thin flat ceramic structure of the cell and elimination of metallic interconnections. Design/methodology/approach – The ceramic fuel cell consists of the anode core made of six to eight layers of nickel/yttria-stabilized zirconia tapes (Ni/YSZ) isostatically pressed into a laminate. Two networks of fuel distribution microchannels are engraved on both sides of the anode laminate. The microchannels are subsequently covered with a thin layer of the functional anode tape made of Ni/YSZ and a solid electrolyte tape made of YSZ. Findings – The single planar double-sided ceramic SOFC of dimensions 19 × 60 × 1.2 mm3 provides 3.2 Watts of electric power. The prototype of the battery which consists of four SOFCs provides an output power of > 12 W. Tests show that the stack is resistant to the rapid temperature change. If inserted into a chamber preheated to 800°C, the stack provides the full power within 5 minutes. Multiple cycling does not destroy the stack. Originality/value – This anode-supported fuel cell structure is provided with thin anode functional layers suspended on a large number of fine beams. The whole anode structure is made with the same ceramic material, so the mechanical stress is minimized during the cell operation.

Transient Simulations of an Air-Coil SFCL

Simulations of superconducting fault current limiters (SFCL) devices become more crucial in order to predict their behavior before installing them into power systems. There are different approaches for modeling SFCLs, whereas computational simulations provide a better understanding of the behavior of SFCL devices. This paper presents three different models to simulate an air-coil SFCL that differ from each other by considerations of heat exchanges. Simulation results were compared with short-circuit tests. The results show that a good agreement between simulations and tests can be found if the heat exchanges between the different layers of high-temperature superconducting tapes are considered. The development of equivalent resistance and the increase in temperature of the superconducting tapes were also obtained.

Development of a 3D graphene electrode dielectrophoretic device.

The design and fabrication of a novel 3D electrode microdevice using 50 µm thick graphene paper and 100 µm double sided tape is described. The protocol details the procedures to construct a versatile, reusable, multiple layer, laminated dielectrophoresis chamber. Specifically, six layers of 50 µm x 0.7 cm x 2 cm graphene paper and five layers of double sided tape were alternately stacked together, then clamped to a glass slide. Then a 700 μm diameter micro-well was drilled through the laminated structure using a computer-controlled micro drilling machine. Insulating properties of the tape layer between adjacent graphene layers were assured by resistance tests. Silver conductive epoxy connected alternate layers of graphene paper and formed stable connections between the graphene paper and external copper wire electrodes. The finished device was then clamped and sealed to a glass slide. The electric field gradient was modeled within the multi-layer device. Dielectrophoretic behaviors of 6 μm polystyrene beads were demonstrated in the 1 mm deep micro-well, with medium conductivities ranging from 0.0001 S/m to 1.3 S/m, and applied signal frequencies from 100 Hz to 10 MHz. Negative dielectrophoretic responses were observed in three dimensions over most of the conductivity-frequency space and cross-over frequency values are consistent with previously reported literature values. The device did not prevent AC electroosmosis and electrothermal flows, which occurred in the low and high frequency regions, respectively. The graphene paper utilized in this device is versatile and could subsequently function as a biosensor after dielectrophoretic characterizations are complete.

Design of the New SC Bus-Line System for the EAST

A new external superconducting (SC) bus-line system consisting of 13 pairs of bus-lines has been designed for the upgrade project of the experimental advanced SC tokamak. The old system integrated into two vacuum ducts will be extended approx. 23 m with new cable in conduit conductors (CICCs) connecting by twin-box lap joints. The leakage currents of the CICCs electrically insulated with four layers of polyimide films and pre-impregnation fiberglass tapes are <10 μA under a 10 kV electrical potential at 77 K, 0.1–100 Pa in helium atmosphere. Each bus-line pair is bound together by 50 % overwrapped with three layers of Kevlar polyester tapes to eliminate its adverse effects of electromagnetic forces with a maximum of 2.44 kN/m. The bus-lines designed with at least four bends are flexible to absorb the thermal shrinkage which is approx. 90 mm in total. The maximum shift of the CICCs is 26.1 mm when cooled down. The total thermal loads to 5 K components in bus-line group 1 and 2 are <0.3 W/m as required.

Interlaminar Shear Strength Property of the Glass Fiber/Polyimide Reinforced Epoxy Resin for ITER Feeder Mock-ups

To acquire higher dielectric strength of the insulation material, the polyimide films are combined between two layers of glass fiber tape reinforced epoxy resin, and formed into a `sandwich' structure composite tapes which directly wrapped on the ITER Feeder high voltage potential components. But due to the polyimide film brought into use, the bounding strength of the insulation layer is reduced by a certain degree, which finally influences the Interlaminar Shear Strength of this type of composite material. This paper introduces the interlaminar shear strength of the laminate structure insulation manufactured by the glass/polyimide reinforced epoxy resin, with the “prewetted” technology, and the mechanical tests were implemented in liquid nitrogen temperature. This manufacturing and curing technology, need to pass series qualifying tests finally, then as a candidate option, it will be used for Feeder high voltage components insulation in the factory, such as Feeder busbar segments, and current lead mock-ups.

Contactless measurements of local transport characteristics of coated conductors under the bending strain

The influences of bending strain on the critical current density Jc in coated conductor (CC) tapes were investigated at 77 K by contactless method based on scanning Hall probe magnetometry (SHPM). In order to clarify the reasons of variations in critical current for different bending radius we carried out local studies of critical currents in CC tapes before and after bending strain. By using SHPM we defined two-dimensional maps of critical current distribution at various bending radiuses. It was demonstrated that the superconducting layer in CC tape cracked at critical bending radius into periodical regions with unchanged and decreased transport properties. Appearance of local cracks with reduced value of the critical current leads to degradation of the critical current of the whole tape. It is found that the both critical bending radius and kind of tape cracking depend on the type of metallic substrates. The results of contactless studies are in good agreement with direct transport measurements.

Numerical analysis of stress distribution in Cu-stabilized GdBCO CC tapes during anvil tests for the evaluation of transverse delamination strength

Rare-earth–Ba–Cu–O (REBCO) based coated conductors (CCs) are now being used for electric device applications. For coil-based applications such as motors, generators and magnets, the CC tape needs to have robust mechanical strength along both the longitudinal and transverse directions. The CC tape in these coils is subjected to transverse tensile stresses during cool-down and operation, which results in delamination within and between constituent layers. In this study, in order to explain the behaviour observed in the evaluation of c-axis delamination strength in Cu-stabilized GdBCO CC tapes by anvil tests, numerical analysis of the mechanical stress distribution within the CC tape has been performed. The upper anvil size was varied in the analysis to understand the effect of anvil size on stress distribution within the multilayered CC tape, which is closely related to the delamination strength, delamination mode and delamination sites that were experimentally observed. The numerical simulation results showed that, when an anvil size covering the whole tape width was used, the REBCO coating film was subjected to the largest stress, which could result in low mechanical delamination and electromechanical delamination strengths. Meanwhile, when smaller-sized anvils were used, the copper stabilizer layer would experience the largest stress among all the constituent layers of the CC tape, which could result in higher mechanical and electromechanical delamination strengths, as well as high scattering of both of these delamination strengths. As a whole, the numerical simulation results could explain the damage evolution observed in CC tapes tested under transverse tensile stress, as well as the transverse tensile stress response of the critical current, Ic.

Dielectric material degradation monitoring of dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators

It is a known phenomenon that some dielectric materials used to construct plasma actuators degrade during operation. However, the rate at which this process occurs, to what extent, as well as a method to monitor is yet to be established. In this experimental study, it is shown that electrical measurements can be used to monitor changes in the material of the plasma actuators. The procedure we introduce for monitoring the actuators follows from the work of Kriegseis, Grundmann, and Tropea [Kriegseis et al., J. Appl. Phys. 110, 013305 (2011)], who used Lissajous figures to measure actuator power consumption and capacitance. In the present study, we quantify changes in both the power consumption and capacitance of the actuators over long operating durations. It is shown that the increase in the effective capacitance of the actuator is related to degradation (thinning) of the dielectric layer, which is accompanied by an increase in actuator power consumption. For actuators constructed from layers of Kapton® polyimide tape, these changes are self-limiting. Although the polyimide film degrades relatively quickly, the underlying adhesive layer appears to remain intact. Over time, the effective capacitance was found to increase by up to 36%, 25%, and 11% for actuators constructed with 2, 3, and 4 layers of Kapton tape, respectively. A method is presented to prevent erosion of the Kapton dielectric layer using a coating of Polydimethylsiloxane oil. It is shown the application of this treatment can delay the onset of degradation of the Kapton dielectric material.

Coupling between the in-plane and lateral tape dynamics in high capacity linear tape transport systems

Lateral tape motion (LTM) is defined as the lateral deviation of the tape from its prescribed strain-free state path. The effects of tape, roller, guide or reel imperfections on the LTM are reasonably well understood. Yet, the effects of disturbances in the longitudinal (in-plane) direction, which can couple into LTM, have not been well described. Longitudinal tape vibrations can be due to, but not limited to a) tension dynamics due to servo control of the tape reels, and/or tension impulses due to the unwinding of tape layers that experience sticking. The problem is further complicated due to the uncertainty of the tape length on the downstream side, as a result of the “floating layers” in the take-up reel. In this work, the equations of motion of the longitudinal and lateral tape motion are derived from first principles. The coupling due to non-linear longitudinal strain is considered. The equations of motion are solved by using the finite element method, and an explicit time integration algorithm. The entire tape path is modeled directly, where the interaction of the tape with the recording head and the guides are represented as concentrated forces, and moments. The effects of disturbances, typical for a tape transport system, on the coupling or lack there off are investigated.

Trapped magnetic field profiles of arrays of (Gd,Y)Ba2Cu3Ox superconductor tape in different stacking configurations

Trapped magnetic field profiles were investigated in thin film (Gd,Y)Ba2Cu3Ox superconducting tapes stacked in different configurations consisting of three 12 mm wide, 36 mm long tapes per layer. The trapped magnetic field values were found to increase monotonically with the increasing number of tape layers in the stack. A crisscross arrangement of the tapes was found to yield a more uniform trapped-field profile than a straight arrangement of the tapes. Furthermore, the decay rate of the trapped magnetic field as a function of distance from the tape stack surface was found to be lower in the crisscross arrangement.

Lamination of Green Ceramic Tapes with Adhesive at Ambient Temperature

In this paper, green ceramic tapes are joined together by adhesive based lamination technique. The effects of adhesive concentration, pressure on the lamination and sintering temperature on the laminate are mainly discussed. The parameters are also optimized. It was shown that the effect of adhesive concentration and pressure on the lamination is obvious and the effect of sintering temperature is not big. 10 layers of cordierite tapes can be laminated under 2MPa with a dwell time of 3min with PVA by adhesive based lamination. The adhesive based lamination can be used to be an alternative of thermo-compressive lamination.