Dissipation Factor Research Articles

Impact of silicon carbide, boron nitride, and zirconium dioxide nanoparticles on ester‐based dielectric fluids

AbstractThis research study investigates the influence of various nanoparticles on the dielectric breakdown voltage, oil dissipation factor, viscosity, and thermal conductivity of nanofluids. Nanofluids were prepared using synthetic ester oil as the base fluid, and three nanoparticles, silicon carbide (SiC), boron nitride (BN), and zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), were added at different concentrations (0.125 wt%, 0.250 wt%, and 0.375 wt%), which are basically the nano‐sized powder that can be blended in the oil. The dielectric breakdown voltage testing was conducted to evaluate the electrical performance of the nanofluids. Additionally, rheological measurements were performed to study the kinematic viscosity, while thermal conductivity was determined using appropriate techniques. The enhancements in each property were evaluated and compared for the different nanoparticle concentrations and types. Previous studies focused only on the investigation of the electrical properties of nanofluids. However, in the present study, the electrical as well as thermo‐physical characterisation of nanofluids is performed and analysed as they directly affect the cooling performance of transformers. The results provide dielectric and thermo‐physical characterisation that exhibit excellent insulation and cooling functionalities and valuable insights into the potential applications of nanofluids as dielectrics in various high‐voltage electrical equipment. ZrO2 and SiC nanoparticles exhibited a reduction in the oil dissipation factor. SiC consistently improved breakdown voltage (Bdv), while ZrO2 nanoparticles showed concentration‐dependent effects, enhancing Bdv at low concentrations but degrading it at higher ones. Unexpectedly, nanoparticle dispersion and lubrication effects can lead to viscosity reductions, countering conventional expectations. Surprisingly, at the highest concentration, the thermal conductivity decreases compared to the lower nano‐concentrations in synthetic ester oil.

Cyclic behavior of cold-formed stainless steel sandwich tubular brace: An experimental investigation

Stainless steel shows promise for application in seismic-active regions. Previous research showed that stainless steel dampers could exhibit good energy dissipation capacity and high post-yield stiffness under cyclic loading. In light of that, a novel type of cold-formed stainless steel sandwich tubular brace (STB) is presented in this study, featuring one stainless steel square hollow section (SHS) tube as the load-carrying component and two additional stainless steel SHS tubes providing a buckling-restraining effect. Six specimens were tested under cyclic loading, varying parameters including the cross-section slenderness of the core tube, restraining ratio and loading histories. Loading protocols encompassed standardized ones following the Chinese specification (CN) and American provision (US), as well as a protocol representing the near-fault earthquakes (NF). Failure modes, hysteretic response and seismic performance indexes were obtained. Results showed that the hysteretic curves could maintain stable. Under the CN loading protocol, the specimen with a slender core cross-section exhibited uniform local buckling. The strain hardening coefficient ω stayed within the range of 1.46–1.58. The specimens exhibited a slow decay rate of tangent stiffness, highlighting their relatively high post-yield stiffness. The cumulative energy dissipation factor could reach 658, signifying good energy dissipation capacity. Additionally, under NF loading, specimens exhibited enhanced cumulative ductility compared to CN or US loading. Furthermore, an evaluation was conducted to assess the suitability of existing design methods for preventing overall buckling and local bulging in stainless steel STBs. It indicated that the current design approaches tended to be overly conservative for both overall and local stability design of stainless steel STBs, primarily due to the lack of consideration for SHS core stiffness and the interactions between flanges and webs, respectively.

Epoxy composite films of superior dielectric properties promoted by active ester hardeners for applications in electronic packaging

Epoxy composites with ultralow dielectric dissipation factors (Df) are highly desired in advanced electronic packaging architectures to cater for high-frequency signal transmission. However, Df of epoxy systems traditionally cured by amine, anhydride or phenolic resin is too high due to the generated high-polarization groups like hydroxyl moieties. Using active esters as curing agents is an effective strategy to reduce polarization of cured epoxy by replacing hydroxyl moieties with ester groups. Herein, diallyl-based active ester hardeners (DAAE) are synthesized via one-step esterification reaction with a high yield of > 90 %. When DAAE is used to cure epoxy films containing SiO2 fillers, the cured epoxy composite films (DAAE-ECFs) demonstrate low dielectric constant (Dk, ∼3.0) and low Df (∼0.005) above 5 GHz at 25 ℃. Importantly, whether immersed in room-temperature water for 24 h or in boiling water for 1 h, DAAE-ECFs absorb < 0.6 wt% water with stable Dk and slightly increased Df (<0.0085). Moreover, DAAE-ECFs show excellent thermal stability (Td5% >365 ℃), dimensional stability (CTE of ∼ 30 ppm ℃-1 below 80 ℃), high storage modulus (∼10 GPa at 30 ℃). The appealing dielectric, thermal and mechanical properties imply that DAAE-ECFs could serve as promising candidates for electronic packaging materials in high-frequency signal transmission.

Energy extraction potential from wave-induced ship motions using linear generators

This paper presents an assessment of the energy harvesting potential from wave-induced motions when producing electricity by linear generators installed on ships. The study estimates an upper maximum energy extraction potential by not considering the electro-mechanical coupling; neither is mechanical and electrical dissipation considered. The analysis of the harvested energy is made using simulated data in a case study investigating three different ships (by size). Specifically, the case study reveals that, in moderate to mildly severe sea states, the power harvested from the environment using linear generators may reach values around 1–2 kW/tons of seismic mass. Thus, it is unrealistic to imagine ship designs where linear generators are thought to provide a ship’s necessary propulsion power but, on the other hand, they may serve to supplement the main engine for auxiliary power generation.

Molecular interactions of the antioxidant in the coolant oil for energy transformers: Dielectric and simulation studies

This research paper presents experimental and theoretical findings concerning the blending of mineral oil and vegetable oils, both with and without antioxidants. The study analyses a variety of parameters for different blends of mineral and vegetable oils, including breakdown voltage, ageing resistance, dielectric constant, viscosity, dissipation factor, surface tension, flash point, and fire point. The study was further extended to investigate the effects of varying the amount of antioxidants added to mineral oil blends with different vegetable oils. The best transformer insulating solution is found by extensive analyses that include measurements of breakdown voltage, flash point, fire point, and surface tension. This blends’ properties with antioxidant are either better than pure mineral oil or comparable to mineral oil. Density functional theory (DFT) analyses the molecular structure and dipole moment of an antioxidant. Molecular dynamics simulation method (MD) analysis of the average water residual time – periods of an antioxidant will show the stability of H-bond interactions. The primary objective of this experiment is to unveil a novel liquid-insulating material that not only excels in dielectric performance but also aligns with environmentally friendly practices.

Scalable polyolefin-based all-organic dielectrics with superior high-temperature capacitive energy storage performance

Polymer dielectrics capable of efficient and stable operation at elevated temperatures (>150 °C) are urgently needed to meet the stringent requirements of capacitive energy storage in harsh environments. However, the current leading commercially available polymer dielectric, biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP), can only sustain continuous operation at temperatures below 85 °C due to its limited thermal stability and significant increase in electrical conduction at high temperatures. Here, we present an all-organic polymer composite comprising nonpolar polyolefin and organic semiconductor that demonstrates superior dielectric and capacitive energy storage performance at 150 °C. Notably, the dielectric properties of the polymer composite remain stable across a broad temperature range, exhibiting an ultralow dissipation factor at elevated temperatures. Benefiting from the deep trap energy levels introduced by the organic semiconductor, the composite film achieves one order of magnitude reduction in electrical conductivity. As a result, the composite film attains discharged energy densities of 7.1 J/cm3 and 5.5 J/cm3 with a charge-discharge efficiency of 90 % at 25 °C and 150 °C, respectively. Furthermore, the composite film maintains stable capacitive performance over extended charge-discharge cycles (50,000 cycles) in harsh environments (500 MV/m and 150 °C), along with excellent breakdown self-healing capability. These remarkable performances, coupled with the potential for large-scale production using commercially available raw materials, highlight the practically viability of the composite film for high-temperature capacitive energy storage applications.

On metallic-type asteroid rotation moving in magnetic field (introducing magnetic second-grade YORP effect)

A novel physical effect has been found to be illuminated of being physically self-consistent to take into account in further calculating the dynamics of magnetically-induced asteroid rotation, surface of which has mostly a conducting structure (whereas such mostly metallic-formed asteroid is assumed to be moving in an external magnetic field of planet but in the meantime to be orbiting preferably outside its sphere of effective attraction). The last condition of asteroid surface's having conducting structure means the existence of the applied external torques stemming from the physical interactions between external magnetic field and iron asteroid itself (including long-term effect due to torques stemming from arising eddy-currents on metallic surface of asteroid). Such eddy-currents should heat the conducting surface of asteroid with further non-uniformly re-directing the heat flow from surface of asteroid into outer space via fluxes of thermal photons which carry momentum (in orthogonal direction to the surface which is in most cases far from the ideal surface of sphere). This leads by taking into account the overall outcome of heat flow (from the non-ideal surface of asteroid) to a kind of long-term magnetic second-grade YORP effect. System of Euler equations for aforementioned dynamics of asteroid magnetic rotation has been investigated in regard to existence of semi-analytical solution. Various perturbations (such as collisions, YORP effect) may destabilize the rotation of asteroid deviating it from the current spin state, whereas the electric(eddy)current-induced dissipation of energy reduces kinetic one of asteroid spin. So, dynamics of the asteroid rotation should result in a spinning about maximal-inertia axis with the proper spin state corresponding to minimal energy with a fixed angular momentum.

Tailoring the structural, magnetic and dielectric properties in holmium doped Ca-Ba hexaferrite nanoparticles by regulating the Ca-Ba (1:1) concentration for magnetic and electric applications

This work reports the synthesis and characterizations of holmium (Ho) doped Ba-Ca hexaferrites (Ba0.5Ca0.5Fe12-xHoxO19). Structural analysis confirms the pure hexagonal phase throughout, and morphology shows the uniformly distributed hexagonal-shaped particles. The incorporation of Ho3+ ions significantly enhanced magnetic properties, as evidenced by vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), attributed to the reconfiguration of Fe3+ ions and the reinforcement of superexchange interactions. Across all samples, magnetic hysteresis (M−H) loops exhibited a consistent hard ferrimagnetic behavior, with saturation magnetization (Ms) values varying within the range of 28.64 to 36.33 emu/g, remanent magnetization (Mr) from 16.24 to 20.68 emu/g, and coercivity (Hc) from 1.771 to 2.059 kOe, respectively. The composition with x = 0.09 demonstrated the highest Ms, Mr, and Hc values. The dielectric properties underscore the potential applications of fabricated M−type hexaferrites in microwave technology due to their low dissipation factor and ε“, pivotal for minimizing signal attenuation in crucial components such as filters and resonators. Moreover, Ho doped Ba-Ca hexaferrites present promising alternatives to magnets in electric vehicle applications, suggesting avenues for further research and optimization in this domain.

Sustainable regeneration of transformer oil through composite adsorbent of chitosan and sepiolite: a biorefinery approach

ABSTRACT This study introduces an innovative biorefinery approach for sustainably regenerating transformer oil utilizing a composite adsorbent comprised of Chitosan (CS) and Sepiolite (SL). Surface modification analyses, employing BET, SEM, and FTIR techniques, unveiled enhanced adsorption capabilities attributed to pores and folds on the CS-SL composite surface, coupled with uniform SL distribution within the CS substrate. Through systematic evaluations based on color index and transmittance assessments across multiple samples, optimal regeneration was achieved with a 5% volume fraction of the composite absorbent, closely replicating fresh oil properties. Significant improvements were observed in acidity (−62.50%), moisture content (−44.44%), and viscosity (−27.93%), with slight changes in density and a notable rise in flash point (+31.82°C). Electrical properties showed enhancement, with breakdown voltage (+80.00%) and resistivity (+54.93%) increasing, while dissipation factor (−98.00%) and permittivity (−44.74%) decreased, indicating improved energy efficiency. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry confirmed the removal of oxidation by-products. This study underscores the potential of CS-SL as a sustainable adsorbent for transformer oil regeneration, thereby making significant strides toward environmental sustainability within the framework of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the principles of biorefinery practices.

Preparation and Characterization of Five Amino-Modified Hyper-Crosslinked Polymers and Performance Evaluation for Aged Transformer Oil Reclamation

Adsorption is intensively considered to be the most feasible and economical option for aged transformer oil treatment. In this work, five aminated hyper-crosslinked polymers were prepared from chloromethylated polystyrene–co-divinylbenzene (Cl-PS-DVB) through a two-stage modification of crosslinking and five different reagents aminating. After modification, the specific surface area (SBET) and nitrogen content (CN) of prepared resins were greatly improved. To evaluate the reclamation performance of resins for removing oxides and contaminants from aged transformer oils, the total acid number (TAN) and color of oils were mainly examined. The results shown that the prepared resins have superior oil reclamation capacity compared to commercial resin XAD-4 due to their higher microporous specific surface area (Smic) and surface polarity. Among them, the NHC-R3, which used dimethyltriamine (DETA) as an aminating agent, had the best deacidification and decolorization performance. A series of experiments were designed to investigate the optimal regeneration program conditions for NHC-R3, and the additional electrical characteristics of the reclaimed oil, including breakdown voltage, dielectric dissipation factor (DDF), and interfacial tension, were measured as evidence that aged oil was successfully reclaimed.

Analysis of amplitude and dissipation factor of AT-cut quartz crystal resonators over a wide temperature range

Analysis of amplitude and dissipation factor of AT-cut quartz crystal resonators over a wide temperature range

MANUFACTURING AND TESTING HIGH VOLTAGE FILTER CAPACITORS

This paper presents the manufacturing and testing methods of 30kV and 33nF high voltage filter capacitors. One of the biggest advantages of small companies is that they are able to produce a high diversity of capacitors in small quantities. One of the prices of this flexibility is a higher level of manual manufacturing process in production. But this higher level of manual manufacturing does not mean lower quality in the final product. For high quality products in the high voltage industry, it is necessary to do routine tests in all of the products. For high voltage capacitors the following three tests must be done to ensure quality: voltage strength test, partial discharge test, capacitance and dissipation factor test. The capacitance and dissipation factor test have to be done at different voltage levels. The voltage strength test has to be done at least 20% higher than the rated voltage. This kind of test gives us information not only about the quality of the product itself, but about distribution of the capacitance for example, or about the strength of the production process, and about the quality management system of the company.

Synthesis of mesoporous γ-alumina from a low-grade boehmite ore: Effect of thermal/chemical processing order on physico-chemical characteristics of adsorbent and regeneration of used transformer oils

Mesoporous γ-alumina adsorbents were synthesized from a low-grade boehmite ore, using the heat-treatment/acid-leaching (TC) and vice-versa (CT), under 400–600℃, 2–6 M HCl and H2SO4 solutions. The crystallinity of active species, morphology, elemental mapping, specific surface area, gravimetric phase changes, and chemical composition of the samples were characterized. The 0.50–1.00 mm γ-alumina prepared through heating, and followed by acid leaching with HCl (TC sample) presented mesoporous structure with the highest specific surface area of 245.802m2/g, pore volume 0.32773cm3/g, and average pore diameter of 44.3420A0. Using both CT and TC adsorbents, along with a commercial adsorbent, for the regeneration of used transformer oil, the TC adsorbent demonstrated the best performance, resulting in improved oil properties such as viscosity, interfacial tension, total acid number, dielectric dissipation factor, resistivity, and moisture content. Furthermore, the TC adsorbent was affected less by surface attrition and producing fine debris during recovery of oil compared to the commercial one.

Dissipative quintessential cosmic inflation

In this paper we construct a dissipative quintessential cosmic inflation. For this purpose, we add a multiplicative dissipative term in the standard quintessence field Lagrangian. We consider the specific form of dissipation as the time integral including the Hubble parameter and an arbitrary function that describes the dissipative properties of the quintessential scalar field. Inflation parameters and observables are calculated under slow-roll approximations and a detailed calculation of the cosmological perturbations is performed in this setup. We consider different forms of potentials and calculate the scalar spectral index and tensor-to-scalar ratio for a constant as well as variable dissipation function. To check the reliability of this model, a numerical analysis on the model parameters space is done in confrontation with recent observational data. By comparing the results with observational joint datasets at 68% and 95% confidence levels, we obtain some constraints on the model parameters space, specially the dissipation factor with e-folds numbers N=55 and N=60. As some specific results, we show that the power-law potential with a constant dissipation factor and N=60 is mildly consistent with observational data in some restricted domains of the model parameter space with very small and negative dissipation factor and a negligible tensor-to-scalar ratio. But this case with N=55 is consistent with observation considerably. For power-law potential and variable dissipation factor as Q=αϕn, the consistency with observation is also considerable with a reliable tensor-to-scalar ratio. The quadratic and quartic potentials with variable dissipation function as Q=αϕn are consistent with Planck2018 TT, TE, EE+lowE+lensing data at the 68% and 95% levels of confidence for some intervals of the parameter n.

Tannin-on-protein adlayers: Secondary adsorption quantified by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D)

The quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) technique allows to detect adsorption and mechanical characteristics of protein adsorption layers at solid surfaces, including subsequent secondary adsorption of additional species interacting with the proteins. Here, we study the secondary adsorption of two different classes of tannins - hydrolysable vs. condensed - onto a β-lactoglobulin base layer using QCM-D in a protein/tannin adlayer configuration. Sequential flow experiments of protein solutions, tannin solutions and neat solvent or buffer are used to distinguish reversible from desorption-resistant layer formation, evaluate the viscoelastic characteristics the layers, and map protein/tannin interactions in view of their structural properties and origin. We find that for the majority of tannins, secondary layer structural changes (detected via a change in the dissipation factor) occur before significant mass adsorption (detected via the resonance frequency shift). In contrast, simultaneous onset of structural change and adsorbed mass within an observation window of 100 ms was only found for certain hydrolysable tannins. We use these data to build adsorption maps and group the tannins according to their adlayer properties, providing a physical basis for an improved understanding of the organoleptic perception of tannins and polyphenols, in particular with respect to attributes such as ‘astringency’ and ‘lingering’. Moreover, these maps provide insight into the capacity of different tannins to modify the mechanical properties of protein adsorption layers.

Improved multiferroic properties of lanthanum ferrites through cobalt doping

LaFeO3 is a type II multiferroic material which exhibits improper ferroelectricity induced by magnetic order (antiferromagnetism). However, the antiferromagnetic order limits its applications. This study demonstrates the induction of ferromagnetism in LaFeO3 by doping with cobalt, varying the level of cobalt from 0 to 0.5 mol. Moreover, the effects of cobalt on the crystal structure, magnetic and dielectric properties are described. The XRD results show that at doping concentrations lower than 0.3 mol, LaFeO3 maintains its orthorhombic structure (Pnma), while at higher cobalt concentrations the rhombohedral (R-3c) LaCoO3 phase emerges. In addition, cobalt doping induces ferromagnetism because cobalt occupies iron positions until the solubility limit is reached (0.3 mol). All samples present high relative permittivity values, which increase with increasing cobalt content and temperature. Furthermore, the presence of cobalt results in a decrease in the dielectric dissipation factor for cobalt contents lower than 0.3 mol, due to the inhibition in the formation of vacancies. However, the presence of LaCoO3 at high cobalt contents increases the dielectric losses due to the presence of a mixtures of phases. Moreover, the electric polarization curves exhibited weak ferroelectric behavior for ferrites with cobalt contents lower than 0.3 mol, and lossy improper ferroelectric type behavior for samples with higher contents.

Hygrothermal Degradation of Epoxy Electrical Insulating Material-Testing and Mathematical Modeling.

The degradation of electrical insulating materials has been a subject of interest for decades as they are commonly applied in many fields of electrical engineering. Suitably modeling such a process is important since the known and well-described degradation process reveals the effect of ambient conditions, and this allows us to possibly estimate a material's remaining useful life. However, not many studies are dealing with the effect of the hygrothermal degradation of impregnating mono-component epoxy resins in the context of electrical engineering. Therefore, this study deals with this issue and discusses both the dielectric response (based on the measurement of relative permittivity, dissipation factor, and dielectric strength) and the mechanical response (based on measurements of tensile strength and Shore D hardness) to a hygrothermal degradation experiment. In addition, the results of thermal analyses are presented for the evaluation of the pristine specimen manufacturing process and possible post-curing processes. Furthermore, this study presents several methodologies for modeling the degradation process, including a novel methodology in this area based on Bayesian experimental design. As an outcome, mechanical parameters are proven to be specific in terms of the actual condition of the material and the Bayesian enhanced degradation model seems to be superior to the conventional evaluation methods in this particular study.

Electrically Conductive Adhesives in Microelectronics Packaging

Abstract Electronic packaging is integral to safeguarding electronic devices while ensuring electrical connectivity and heat dissipation. This paper reviews electrically conductive adhesives (ECAs), focusing on two main types: isotropic conductive adhesives (ICAs) and anisotropic conductive adhesives (ACAs). ECAs offer advantages over traditional solders, including lower processing temperatures, environmental friendliness, and the ability to conform to flexible substrates. The paper explores the working mechanisms of ICAs and ACAs, highlighting their limitations and recent developments aimed at improvement. Key challenges for ICAs include low electrical conductivity and moisture absorption, while ACAs face limitations in fine-pitch applications and electric field-induced particle movement. Recent advancements discussed include the use of organic monolayers, nanofiber integration, magnetic self-assembly, low-temperature sintering of nano-silver particles, and copper nanoparticle fillers. These innovations hold promise for enhancing the electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, and reliability of ECAs. Finally, the paper explores applications of ECAs in die attach, flip-chip bonding, and chip-on-flex (COF) packaging, highlighting their potential for various electronic devices.

Conversion of preferred crystalline orientation by annealing and its impacts on the structural, electronic, and optical properties of pulsed laser-deposited CdO thin films

The impact of annealing on the preferred crystalline orientation as well as the structural, electronic, and optical properties of pulsed laser-deposited 150 ± 3 nm thick cadmium oxide (CdO) films was studied. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the annealed CdO films have smaller crystallite sizes, as their molecules at the grain boundaries possessed enough kinetic energy to rearrange their preferred crystalline orientation between (111) and (200). The atomic force microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy analyses revealed an enhancement in the active surface area with optimized grain boundaries by annealing which facilitates gas adsorption/desorption. DC electrical conductivity depends on the annealing process and reveals two different conduction mechanisms. The direct optical energy gap was decreased from 3.41 eV to 2.76 eV by annealing at 473 K which is greater than the theoretical value, i.e. 2.2 eV, for bulk CdO. The findings agree with the Burstein-Moss effect as a result of the increased carrier concentration following the generation of numerous oxygen vacancy sites and Cd interstitials. However, mutual charge carrier-impurity interaction and charge carrier Columb interaction contributed to narrowing the band gap by increasing the annealing temperature. The enhanced values of Urbach energy, optical packing density, dispersion parameters, optical conductivity, dissipation factor, oscillator strength, and lattice dielectric constant supported the effectiveness of the annealing process on tailoring optoelectronic responses in the infrared region for the CdO thin films for use in optoelectronic devices. Moreover, the calculated linear optical susceptibility, and nonlinear constants (i.e. third-order optical susceptibility and nonlinear refractive index) were the highest for CdO films annealed at 473 K. The improved value of the figure of merit, solar material protection factor, and solar skin protection factor for the CdO films, annealed at 473 K supports its use in several photovoltaic applications, including solar cells.

High-temperature wave-transparent and intrinsically flame-retardant phthalonitrile/quartz composite based on a straightforward hot-melt prepreg process

Wave-transparent composite materials are becoming increasingly critical for advancing robust human-machine interaction systems. A pivotal component of these systems is an organic resin matrix, which is currently the focus of intensive research. Herein, to develop a phthalonitrile resin capable of withstanding temperatures exceeding 500 °C, two types of Si/P-containing alkynyl curing agents (Si-ALK and P-ALK) were synthesized and integrated with sulfur-enriched phthalonitrile monomers (SSS-PN) to fabricate an organic-inorganic hybrid phthalonitrile（PN）resin. The resulting hybrid resin demonstrated exceptional thermal stability (594 °C for 10 % Si-PN-450 °C; 626 °C for 50 % P-PN-450 °C) and thermal oxygen stability (569 °C for 10 % Si-PN-450 °C; 594 °C for 30 % P-PN-450 °C). The Si-ALK/P-ALK and SSS-PN blends maintained stable low-viscosity properties for an extended period of up to 180 min, which is advantageous for the facile production of quartz fiber-infused composites (Si-PN/QF and P-PN/QF) through a straightforward and eco-friendly melt processing approach. The cured PN composite (30 % Si-PN-450 °C/QF vs. 10 % P-PN-450 °C/QF) exhibited significantly improved glass transition temperatures (506 °C vs. 553 °C), acceptable flexural strength (268 MPa vs. 275 MPa), and excellent flame retardancy (less than 8.0 % weight loss exposed at 1300 °C for 200 s). Additionally, the composites demonstrated commendable dielectric properties, with a dielectric constant (Dk) of approximately 4.0 and a dissipation factor (Df) below 0.01 from 25 °C to 600 °C. Collectively, the obtained composites exhibited a synergistic combination of thermal, fire-resistant, and dielectric properties, positioning them as leading candidates for the next generation of wave-transparent materials.