State Of Tamaulipas Research Articles

El sector productivo de Tamaulipas a través del modelo de insumo-producto

Objetivo: se expone la conveniencia de estimar una matriz de insumo-producto regional y sus correspondientes multiplicadores contables para analizar el comportamiento económico sectorial del estado de Tamaulipas. Metodología: la información nacional se regionaliza mediante métodos indirectos basados en coeficientes de localización, y se estiman efectos directos e indirectos sobre la producción ante impactos en la demanda, además de encadenamientos productivos tipo Rasmussen. Resultados: los resultados muestran la hegemonía de la industria manufacturera en la estructura productiva tamaulipeca. Limitaciones: a pesar del nivel de agregación sectorial utilizado referente al año 2013. Conclusiones: así como el desempeño marginal de los multiplicadores de Leontief en el grueso de las actividades productivas de no manufactura.

A new species and new record of Agistemus Summers (Acari: Stigmaeidae) associated with Capsicum annuum L. var. glabriusculum (Solanaceae) from Northeastern of Mexico

Two mite species belonging to the genus Agistemus Summers (Acari: Stigmaeidae) were collected from wild plants known as “chile piquín” (Capsicum anuumm L. var. glabriusculum) in two protected naturals areas, state of Tamaulipas, Mexico. Agistemus piquinnus Monjarás-Barrera and Johann n. sp. is described and illustrated. Agistemus brasiliensis Matioli, Ueckermann and Oliveira, 2002 is a new record for Mexico. A key to the Agistemus species of Mexico is provided.

Rendimiento y contenido de proteína en forraje y ensilado de pasto Insurgente e híbridos de Urochloa

La ganadería en el estado de Tamaulipas se ve afectada debido a una marcada estacionalidad en la producción de forraje, que ocasiona escasez durante la época seca, por tanto, es necesario la conservación de forraje para hacer frente a este problema. Por lo anterior, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar en condiciones de temporal y durante la época de mayor precipitación el rendimiento (t ha-1) de materia seca total (MST) y hoja (MSH); así como, el contenido de proteína cruda (PC, %) en forraje y ensilado de pasto Insurgente, Mulato II, Cobra y Cayman. Los datos se analizaron en un diseño completamente al azar, con cuatro repeticiones y comparación de medias mediante Tukey (p= 0.05). El híbrido Cayman presentó mayor acumulación (p≤ 0.05) de MST y MSH (8.34 y 8.27 t ha-1, respectivamente) en comparación con Insurgente (6.38 y 6.25 t ha-1, respectivamente). El mayor (p≤ 0.05) contenido de PC en forraje lo presentaron Cayman y Cobra, con 16.1% en promedio, mientras que Mulato II e Insurgente fueron los de menor valor para esta variable (14.6%, en promedio). La PC en el ensilado fue similar (p˃ 0.05) para los cultivares evaluados, con promedio de 14.4%. Los híbridos Cayman y Cobra mostraron mayor rendimiento de forraje y contenido de proteína cruda, en comparación con Insurgente. El contenido de proteína cruda presente en el ensilado fue superior al 14%, lo que indica que estos cultivares se pueden conservar mediante esta técnica.

Comparison of housing construction systems in the huasteca zone: Vernacular, industrialized and hybrid. Study cases

Currently, in the rural communities of northeastern Mexico, where the Huasteca Zone is located, there is a great diversity of materials and construction systems with which users have built their homes due to improvisation caused by the lack of resources to have adequate housing and lack of planning of it. It is common to find houses based on materials from each region as houses whose main inputs are already completely industrialized, in addition to a large number of houses in which the user made substitutions of materials by mixing elements of each system previously described. This document deals with an analysis of construction costs of three construction systems present in Huasteca: a house built on vernacular materials in the state of Veracruz, a house with industrialized inputs existing in the state of Tamaulipas, selected for their construction system and surface area among 120 sampled homes, and finally a housing prototype, developed by the author, whose construction system takes elements of the two systems listed previously, getting a sustainable project, to subsequently make comparisons of the unit construction cost of the three systems. It is alos calculated its depreciation due to their energy consumption, through a proposed energy consumption factor. After analyzing the budgets of each house, including the material, labor and tools necessary for its elaboration, it was determined that housing based on local materials is the most economical of the three, the unit cost of industrialized input housing is more than three times higher than the local materials housing, and the unit cost of the housing prototype described in this document represents less than twice of the local materials housing. Regarding their energy consumption, the best case is the vernacular house with the lower value.

Primer registro de Unguiculariopsis ravenelii (Leotiomycetes, Ascomycota) en México

Antecedentes y Objetivos: El género Unguiculariopsis de la clase Leotiomycetes dentro de Ascomycota se caracteriza por formar apotecios inconspicuos de hasta 2 mm de diámetro, con una superficie formada por pelos en forma de gancho, ascas inoperculadas, inamiloides y ascosporas globosas, subglobosas a elipsoidales, hialinas con gútulas. Son hongos fungícolas que presentan especificidad por el hospedero; en el presente estudio se tiene por objetivo reportar a Unguiculariopsis ravenelii por primera vez en México.Métodos: Los especímenes estudiados están depositados en el herbario ENCB del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México. Los materiales fueron revisados en fresco y en seco, se describieron macro morfológicamente usando un estereoscopio, fotografías tomadas in situ y micro morfológicamente con un microscopio óptico. Se identificaron con claves y literatura especializada.Resultados clave: Se presenta la descripción de Unguiculariopsis ravenelii de México, una especie que se caracteriza por ser micoparásita y por formar apotecios gregarios sobre Rhytidhysteron rufulum. Conclusiones: Esta especie se distribuye en bosque tropical caducifolio y produce sus esporomas durante la temporada de lluvias en los estados de Colima, Jalisco, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Sonora, Tabasco y Tamaulipas en la región Neotropical de México.

Myrmecological Fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Collected with Multilure-Type Traps in a Neotropical Transitional Region from Northeastern Mexico

We found Multilure traps baited with Strepha Trap® to be a useful method for sampling arboreal ants. A total of 7 ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) were recorded from 8 Multilure traps associated with tree canopies in a Neotropical transition region in northeastern Mexico. The genus Azteca and the species A. schimperi Emery are reported for the first time in the state of Tamaulipas, Mexico. This finding represents the northernmost distribution of these species in the Americas.

Variability and genetic structure of Anastrepha ludens Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae) populations from Mexico

The Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is the most devastating pest of citrus in Mexico. Knowledge of the genetic relationships and structure of Mexican A. ludens populations is limited. The aim of this research was to characterize the genetic variability and structure of the Mexican fruit fly by using AFLP markers (three EcoRI/MseI primer combinations). The specimens were collected from three hosts, namely, Casimiroa edulis La Llave & Lex [white sapote], Casimiroa greggii (S. Watson) F. Chiang [yellow chapote], and Citrus X paradisi (Macfad.) [grapefruit], at four locations in the states of Veracruz (Teocelo and Jalapa), Nuevo Leon (El Jarro), and Tamaulipas (Troncones) in Mexico. A high polymorphism percentage (80.4%) allowed the differentiation of individuals from different A. ludens populations, and high intraspecies genetic variability (DI = 78.4%) was detected. The A. ludens populations clustered into two groups: group one included flies from Veracruz [grapefruit, Jalapa] and Nuevo Leon [yellow chapote, El Jarro], and group two included populations from Tamaulipas [yellow chapote, Troncones] and Veracruz [white sapote, Teocelo]. The populations from group one were from locations at lower altitudes (750 m above sea level), which had warmer (22 °C average temperature) and more humid (1470 mm of annual precipitation) climatic conditions than those of group two (1600 m, 18 °C and 965 mm). Both population structure and very high genetic differentiation (FST > 0.38) associated with geographical and/or host origin were found in A. ludens from Mexico. The genetic differentiation in Mexican A. ludens populations suggests reduced gene flow and reproductive isolation resulting either from habitat fragmentation and genetic drift or from natural selection for specific environmental (climate, geography, pest management strategies) or host (chemistry, phenology) condition. Genetic analysis could increase the success of Anastrepha control programs by improving knowledge of host-parasitoid population genetics, allowing matching of parasitoid species to their preferred pest populations.

Expansion of distribution range of the Greater Grison (Galictis vittata) in México

The potential distribution of the Greater Grison, Galictis vittata, reaches east-central México including the southern portion of Tamaulipas state. However, there are no geographical records that confirm this potential range limit. Our study documents the first record of the Greater Grison photographed by camera traps at “El Cielo” Biosphere Reserve, Tamaulipas State, México. We installed 26 camera traps at “El Cielo” Biosphere Reserve. The cameras were programmed to take pictures and with the date and hour of each photo recorded automatically. Also, we created a map, which combined the Greater Grison’s potential distribution and published occurrence records, to overlay on our new sightings in “El Cielo”. One camera trap recorded two photos of a Greater Grison at “El Cielo” Biosphere Reserve, within a preserved pine-oak forest environment. These two records represent the only confirmed sightings of the Greater Grison in Tamaulipas state and they are located 64.4 km northwest of the nearest estimated potential distribution and 186 km north of the northern-most sighting in southern San Luis Potosí. The record of our study expand both the original potential distribution and the known distribution of this species toward the northwest and north, respectively. The sightings also increase the known elevation limit of the species in México from 1,500 to 1,790 m. We believe that the occurrence of Greater Grison at “El Cielo” is not unusual because this site has the conditions and habitat that are suitable to the distribution of this species.

Temporal analysis of net radiation in the metropolitan area of San Luis Potosí - México using landsat 5 and 8 satellite images

The San Luis Potosí Valley is a basin situated in the municipalities of San Luis Potosí and Soledad de Graciano Sánchez belonging to the San Luis Potosí State and which make up the metropolitan area. This state is located in the north-central zone of México; it has a territorial extension of 64,165 m2 that represents 3.12% of the national territory. It is bounded to the north by the states of Coahuila, Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas; to the south by Guanajuato, Queretaro and Hidalgo; to the east by Veracruz and to the west by Zacatecas and Jalisco. The analysis of the radiation capture phenomenon was carried out in the San Luis Potosí Metropolitan Area (ZMSLP). The study area is located between latitudes 22° 20′ 00″ and 22° 02′ 00″ north and longitudes 101° 12′ 00″ and 100° 44′ 00″ west. Net radiation is the phenomenon in which radiation fluxes interact between atmosphere and the earth’s surface. This phenomenon leads to processes such as evapotranspiration and photosynthesis. The net radiation analysis can be performed by three methods: (a) by using radiation monitoring stations, (b) by statistical models using data from meteorological stations such as temperature and relative humidity, and (c) by using satellite imagery. Since satellite images offer the possibility of analyzing large tracts of land, this method has been chosen to carry out the study using two images per year, one for the dry season and one for the rainy season between 1990 and 2017. The results show a considerable reduction in net radiation between the study periods, possibly due to the metropolitan area growth that impacts on the environment and therefore to the processes mentioned above.

Flora and Vegetation Associated with <i>Dichromanthus cinnabarinus</i> (La Llave & Lex.) Garay (Orchidaceae, Spiranthinae) in Northeastern Mexico

Studies conducted in northeastern Mexico have not provided information on the flora and vegetation associated with Dichromanthus cinnabarinus. Therefore, it is necessary to study the areas where this orchid is distributed to understand the plant vegetation interaction. Research questions: What plant species are associated with Dichromanthus cinnabarinus? What is the degree of similarity among the plant communities with which Dichromanthus cinnabarinus is associated? Study site: Northeastern Mexico, comprehending the states of Coahuila, Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas. Methods: The study sites were selected consider-ing the presence of Dichromanthus cinnabarinus. Regarding the study of the plant struc-ture, the tree, shrub, and herbaceous strata were obtained by the methodology of quad-rants. Data were collected in April and August 2017. The results were analyzed using the Importance Value Index (IVI) for each stratum present and a Parsimony Analysis of En-demicity (PAE) for the plant communities. Results: In the study area, a total of 33 families, 60 genera and 69 species were registered. The representative families are Asteraceae with eight species, Asparagaceae with six, Fabaceae with five, followed by Cactaceae, Poaceae and Roasaceae with four species each. Regarding endemic species, a total of 11 species distributed in nine genera were registered in the study sites. Conclusions: In northeastern Mexico, Dichromanthus cinnabarinus is found associated with Aristida adscensionis L., Agave lechuguilla Torr. Bouteloua sp., Euphorbia antisyphilitica Zucc., Agave striata var. striata (Salm-Dyck) and Rhus virens Lindh. ex A. Gray. Moreover, Dichromanthus cin-nabarinus is observed in some sites with contrasting flora, according to the resulting list of endemic species. It is important to establish priority areas for wildlife conservation in northeastern Mexico.

Los arreglos familiares en Tamaulipas, México.

Objetivo. Se analiza la composición de los hogares, las jefaturas y los arreglos familiares de estudiantes en Tamaulipas. Metodología. Se utilizan, para tal fin, parte de los resultados de un proyecto de carácter explicativo donde se encuestaron a 1135 jóvenes de ambos sexos a través de un muestreo probabilístico, estratificado y proporcional en cuatro facultades de la Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas situadas en el centro, sur y norte del Estado fronterizo de Tamaulipas, México. Resultados y conclusión. Entre los resultados se destaca la distinción de 22 tipos de arreglos familiares, donde el 39% de estos responden a una estructura no tradicional, así como la subestimación de los hogares con jefatura femenina. Los datos observados dan lugar a la discusión sobre las transformaciones sociodemográficas experimentadas en las últimas dos décadas que han incidido en los hogares familiares, impactando su conformación y generando una diversidad de arreglos familiares que contrastan con los considerados hasta hace algunas décadas como tradicionales.

<p class="Body"><strong>Mites associated to chile piquín (<em>Capsicum annuum</em> L. var. <em>glabriusculum</em>) in two Protect Natural Areas in Northeastern México</strong></p>

The conservation status of an ecosystem is checked by studying the composition and diversity of the organisms that interact in trophic chains. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biodiversity of mites associated to Capsicum annuum L. var glabriusculum (Solanaceae) at three sampling sites corresponding to two Protected Natural Areas (PNA) in Tamaulipas state, Mexico. Samplings were carried out in “Cañón de la Peregrina” and “Altas Cumbres” situated in the PNA "Altas Cumbres" and “Ojo de Agua”, located in the "El Cielo" Biosphere Reserve. Mite diversity was H = 1.09 ± 0.14 in Ojo de Agua, and it was H = 1.08 ± 0.08 and H = 1.11 ± 0.06 in Altas Cumbres and Cañón de la Peregrina, respectively. A total of 47 species were identified belonging to 35 genera of 18 families associated to C. annuum L. var glabriusculum in Mexico. Predatory mite richness was higher than that of generalist and phytophagous mites (31, 11 and 5 species, respectively) for the two ANP. The similarity index of Jaccard between OA–AC (IJ = 0.257; P < 0.05), CP–AC (IJ = 0.293; P < 0.05) and AC–CP (IJ = 0.324; P < 0.05) was low. Pseudopronematalus sp. 4 (Iolinidae) was predatory mite most abundant in both ANP (Pi = 9.311); followed by Metaseiulus (Metaseiulus) negundinis (Denmark) (Phytoseiidae) only for ANP “Altas Cumbres” (Pi = 1.004). While for phytophagus mite, Aculops lycopersici (Tryon) (Eriophyidae) and Tetranychus merganser Boudreaux (Tetranychidae) presented the highest abundances in all sites (Pi = 79.919 and 5.142, respectively). The high number of mites species associated to chile piquín suggests stability in the PNA despite anthropogenic activities, and that the PNA works as a mite reservoir.

Seasonal Wind Energy Characterization in the Gulf of Mexico

In line with Mexico’s interest in determining its wind resources, in this paper, 141 locations along the states of the Gulf of Mexico have been analyzed by calculating the main wind characteristics, such as the Weibull shape (c) and scale (k) parameters, and wind power density (WPD), by using re-analysis MERRA-2 (Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications version 2) data with hourly records from 1980–2017 at a 50-m height. The analysis has been carried out using the R free software, whose its principal function is for statistical computing and graphics, to characterize the wind speed and determine its annual and seasonal (spring, summer, autumn, and winter) behavior for each state. As a result, the analysis determined two different wind seasons along the Gulf of Mexico;, it was found that in the states of Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Tabasco wind season took place during autumn, winter, and spring, while for the states of Campeche and Yucatan, the only two states that shared its coast with the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, the wind season occurred only in winter and spring. In addition, it was found that by considering a seasonal analysis, more accurate information on wind characteristics could be generated; thus, by applying the Weibull distribution function, optimal zones for determining wind as a resource of energy can be established. Furthermore, a k-means algorithm was applied to the wind data, obtaining three clusters that can be seen by month; these results and using the Weibull parameter c allow for selecting the optimum wind turbine based on its power coefficient or efficiency.

Eficiencia energética y sustentabilidad en hoteles de sol y playa en el noreste de México

El objetivo del presente trabajo es evaluar si la oferta turística en hoteles de los municipios conurbados de Tampico, Madero y Altamira en el estado de Tamaulipas en México, contempla medidas de eficiencia energética, en el sentido de procurar una estancia turística que gradualmente pueda ser más sustentable en la zona. Para lograrlo, se realizaron encuestas a una muestra representativa de hoteles afiliados a la Asociación de Hoteles del Sur de Tamaulipas A.C., encontrándose que pocos de estos hoteles están llevando a cabo acciones sustanciales para reducir el consumo de energía mediante prácticas internacionales de eficiencia energética y, por tanto, existe la necesidad de implementar en la zona estudiada políticas que apoyen o estimulen este tipo de prácticas.

First record of Volvariella cubensis (Murrill) Shaffer (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from Mexico

Volvariella cubensis (Murrill) Shaffer is distinguished by the dark-gray and fibrillose pileus, pinkish free gills and the thick, brownish volva. This species is described and illustrated from the state of Tamaulipas in northeastern Mexico and constitutes the first record for the country, as well as the northernmost occurrence of V. cubensis in America. Descriptions, photographs, and discussion are presented.

El clima organizacional y su asociación con la satisfacción laboral en una institución de educación superior

El propósito de este estudio es conocer la relación entre el clima organizacional y la satisfacción laboral según la percepción del personal adscrito a una institución de educación superior del estado de Tamaulipas, México, a fin de generar resultados tangibles que sirvan de insumo para la buena gestión de estos constructos. La muestra de participación fue 208 colaboradores a quienes se les aplicó el cuestionario de clima organizacional diseñado por Litwin & Stringer (1968) y la escala general de satisfacción propuesta por Warr, Cook & Wall (1979). En el análisis de los datos se utilizó estadística descriptiva, análisis factorial, el coeficiente Alpha de Cronbach y la técnica de correlación Rho de Spearman para evaluar la asociación entre los factores de las variables de estudio. Como principales resultados se obtiene que existe una relación positiva y significativa entre los componentes de las variables analizadas, lo cual genera conocimiento empírico sobre las relaciones del ambiente laboral y la satisfacción de las personas en su trabajo.

Genetic diversity of HLA system in two populations from Tamaulipas, Mexico: Ciudad Victoria and rural Tamaulipas

We studied HLA class I (HLA-A, -B) and class II (HLA-DRB1, -DQB1) alleles by PCR-SSP based typing in 148 Mexicans from the state of Tamaulipas living in Ciudad Victoria (N = 23) and rural communities (N = 125), to obtain information regarding allelic and haplotypic frequencies. We found that the most frequent haplotypes in the state of Tamaulipas include ten Native American, three European and one African haplotypes. Admixture estimates revealed that the main genetic components in the state of Tamaulipas are Native American (54.69 ± 0.93% by ML; 47.65% of Native American haplotypes) and European (34.66 ± 5.62% by ML; 33.56% of European haplotypes), and a relatively high African genetic component (10.65 ± 5.05% by ML; 12.42% of African haplotypes).

Diagnóstico que permita detectar fortalezas y debilidades para ofrecer la modalidad mixta en el Instituto Tecnológico de Altamira

Currently our country has a coverage of 38.4%, leaving ten points below the average for Latin America and the Caribbean (UNESCO, 2018), that means that so far only a little more than a third of the social demand has been met or target population. With respect to the state of Tamaulipas, in 2017 it was below average, widening its coverage gap by 15.5 percentage points (ANUIES, 2018). One way to increase coverage is to use innovative educational processes (Mortis Lozoya, Del Hierro Parra, García López, & Manig Valenzuela, 2015). The objectives of this work are: Make a diagnosis to detect strengths and weaknesses to offer the mixed modality at the Technological Institute of Altamira. For this, a survey will be carried out on the actors involved in this process, the students, the teachers, and the authorities.

Molecular detection of Rickettsia rickettsii in ticks associated with the bobcat (Lynx rufus) in northeast Mexico

The study of rickettsial agents associated with ticks from wild felines is scarce. In Europe, three species of Rickettsia have been detected (Rickettsia helvetica, Rickettsia massiliae, and Rickettsia monacensis) in ticks collected from the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus). However, no studies have been conducted on another lynx species. For this reason, the aim of this study was to identify the diversity of Rickettsia species in ticks associated with bobcats (Lynx rufus) collected in the State of Tamaulipas, Mexico. During 1999 and 2004, nine bobcats from two municipalities of the state were trapped and visually inspected for the presence of ticks. A total of 95 ticks were collected from these lynxes. Ticks were preserved in 96% ethanol. Subsequently we identified the presence of Rickettsia DNA by the amplification of several fragments of genes 17 kDa, ompA and ompB. Recovered sequences were concatenated, aligned, and compared with those of reference deposited in GenBank. Additionally, a phylogenetic analysis was performed using the Maximum Likelihood method. The ticks were morphologically identified as belonging to the species Dermacentor variabilis. We selected a subset of 60 ticks which were examined, and 5% (3/60) were positive with an identity of 99% to sequences of R. rickettsii deposited in GenBank. The results obtained represent the first record of R. rickettsii in ticks associated with wild carnivores, and in particular with bobcats distributed in northeast of Mexico.

Abundancia y distribución de hongos entomopatógenos en diferentes localidades y ambientes del sur de Tamaulipas


 
 
 Con el fin de generar un registro de los hongos entomopatógenos con el potencial para el control de insectos plaga en el área agrícola del estado de Tamaulipas. En este estudio se cuantificó la abundancia y determinó la distribución de los hongos entomopatógenos en diferentes localidades y ambientes del sur de Tamaulipas, México. En 2016, los hongos entomopatógenos fueron recolectados en la Brecha de Corpus Christi, Villa Cuauhtémoc, Esteros y Miradores. En cada localidad se seleccionaron los siguientes ambientes: parcelas cultivadas con gramíneas (sorgo y maíz), fabáceas (soya, frijol y jícama), árboles frutales (limón, papaya, litche, mango y naranja), hortalizas (cebolla, chile, tomate y acelga) y parcelas sin cultivar (ambiente natural). En cada ambiente se recolectaron muestras de suelo. Posteriormente, en el suelo recolectado, se trampearon a los hongos entomopatógenos con larvas de Tenebrio molitor L. En total, se recolectaron 134 aislados de los géneros: Beauveria sp., Lecanicillium sp., Metarhizium sp., Paecilomyces sp., Trichoderma sp. e Isaria sp. De los cuales, Beauveria sp. presentó la mayor abundancia y distribución. Mientras que, los otros géneros fueron recolectados en localidades y ambientes específicos. Este resultado indica la posibilidad de que los géneros de los hongos encontrados estén fuertemente adaptados a los factores bióticos y abióticos del ambiente.