State Of Tamaulipas Research Articles

Nota sobre la presencia de Spartina alterniflora Loisel. (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae) en humedales mexicanos

Se reporta la presencia de Spartina alterniflora Loisel. para México. Esta gramínea acuática se registró en estuarios de los estados de Tamaulipas y Veracruz durante un estudio de la flora asociada a humedales mexicanos. Se proporciona una clave para la identificación de los componentes mexicanos de Spartina, la descripción de la especie e información sobre aspectos ecológicos básicos.

Paleomagnetism of the Todos Santos and La Silla Formations, Chiapas: Implications for the opening of the Gulf of Mexico

We report paleomagnetic data for the Lower to Middle Jurassic La Silla and Todos Santos formations of southern Mexico, in west-central Chiapas and the Tehuantepec Isthmus region. Volcanic rocks and red beds of these formations were deposited prior to or during the early stages of Gulf of Mexico opening. Dual-polarity characteristic magnetizations reside primarily in hematite and pass intraformational conglomerate, regional tilt, and reversal tests; they are thus interpreted as primary magnetizations. Our sampling sites are concentrated in three localities; around La Angostura Lake, 17 accepted sites yield a tilt corrected mean of declination (Dec) = 325°, inclination (Inc) = 4.6° ( k = 11.9, α 95 = 10.8°); in the Matias Romero region, the mean is Dec = 312.9°, Inc = 3.2° (based on only seven sites); and in the Custepec area, Jurassic andesitic dikes intruding rocks of the Permian Chiapas Massif yield a corrected mean of Dec = 335.0°, Inc = 5.0° (six sites). The mean directions are discordant with respect to expected North America reference directions, and indicate a counterclockwise rotation of 35° to 40°. Inclinations indicate deposition or emplacement at near equatorial paleolatitudes (2.1°N ± 3.4°). This paleolatitude estimate is statistically indistinguishable from those previously observed in the La Boca Formation of the Huizachal Group in northeast Mexico. The localities we sampled in southern Mexico are separated by ∼150 km, suggesting that the paleomagnetic signature of these rocks reflects regional-scale rather than local deformation. These Jurassic paleomagnetic directions support a rotational origin for the Gulf of Mexico. The data are also consistent with an Early to Middle Jurassic reconstruction that places the Chiapas Massif offshore the Tamaulipas state in the western Gulf of Mexico, and an Euler rotation pole for the Maya Block for this time period in the eastern gulf. The apparent polar wander path defined by paleomagnetic poles for the Chiapas Massif and Jurassic rocks reported here suggests that relative motion between North America and the Maya Block occurred between Late Permian and Early Jurassic time, during a protracted rifting phase, and then in the Late Jurassic in association with seafloor formation in the Gulf.

State of the knowledge management in two groups of enterprises of state of Carabobo and state of Tamaulipas

El trabajo tiene por objetivo determinar el grado de implementacion del proceso de gestion de conocimiento en dos grupos de empresas seleccionadas de los estados Carabobo (Venezuela) y Tamaulipas (Mexico). Se llevo a cabo un estudio no experimental, con un diseno transeccional correlacional, en el cual se utilizo como instrumento de recoleccion de informacion la encuesta, la cual fue aplicada a ejecutivos del area de recursos humanos o de administracion de 16 empresas de la gran industria que formaron parte de una muestra no probabilistica. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, se puede afirmar que las diversas actividades del proceso de GC estan presentes en las practicas administrativas de las empresas seleccionadas, siendo leves las diferencias que permiten concluir que las empresas venezolanas analizadas tienen respuestas mas homogeneas y desarrollan mas actividades de gestion de conocimiento que las mexicanas.

State of the knowledge management in two groups of enterprises of state of Carabobo and state of Tamaulipas

State of the knowledge management in two groups of enterprises of state of Carabobo and state of Tamaulipas

Epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in Mexico, bordering the United States, at establishment of controlling strategies

A case-control study was carried out for determining epidemiological patterns at the beginning of the Mexican campaign against bovine tuberculosis (BTB) in the State of Tamaulipas, Mexico, bordering the United States of America. From January 1995 to March 1998, 599 direct tissue smears of cattle from routine slaughterhouse inspection were analyzed for the presence of Mycobacterium bovis acid-fastness with Ziehl-Neelsen stain. BTB status was associated with year of diagnosis, age, breed, geographical origin of cattle, and type of slaughterhouse using the odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence level). The prevalence at slaughterhouse surveillance was 15.36%, which was considerably higher in 1995 (41.38%, OR=5.78, P<0.0001), in comparison with 8.09%, 14.42%, and 10.14% for the years 1996, 1997, and 1998, respectively. BTB was associated with cattle from the State of Tamaulipas (19.73%, OR= 4.438, P=0.01), adult cattle (19.13%, OR=2.19, P<0.0001), Bos taurus (22.54%, OR=2.135, P<0.0001) and B. taurus x B. indicus cross bred animals (29.31%, 2.769, P<0.0001), and cattle slaughtered at federal inspected abattoir (17.58%, OR=1.23, P<0.0001).

Estudio sobre la relación entre equidad de género y desarrollo humano en la región noreste de México, 1995–2005

través de índices provenientes de variables fácilmente medibles, se estudian los avances y retrocesos de la sociedad en su lucha por la equidad de género en México y su relación con el desarrollo humano. Se muestran las posibles tendencias que tomará dicho problema a futuro en la medida en que se brinden oportunidades, tanto a mujeres como a hombres, para el pleno desarrollo de sus capacidades y la utilización de las mismas en su entorno. El estudio de caso se enfoca en los municipios de la región noreste del país, conformada por los estados de Nuevo León y Tamaulipas, en los años 1995, 2000 y 2005. Se observa una reducción en la brecha de la desigualdad en opciones de salud, educación e ingreso, aunque la condición de la mujer respecto al hombre está aún muy lejos de ser equitativa, especialmente en recursos para una vida digna. La posición de las mujeres respecto a la de los hombres muestra el rezago más notable, ya que el acceso y control de recursos que les permitan decidir sobre sus propias vidas son muy limitados y consecuentemente su empoderamiento es marginal.

Culture-Independent Analysis of Lactic Acid Bacteria Diversity Associated with Mezcal Fermentation

Mezcal is an alcoholic beverage obtained from the distillation of fermented juices of cooked Agave spp. plant stalks (agave must), and each region in Mexico with denomination of origin uses defined Agave species to prepare mezcal with unique organoleptic characteristics. During fermentation to produce mezcal in the state of Tamaulipas, not only alcohol-producing yeasts are involved, but also a lactic acid bacterial community that has not been characterized yet. In order to address this lack of knowledge on this traditional Mexican beverage, we performed a DGGE-16S rRNA analysis of the lactic acid bacterial diversity and metabolite accumulation during the fermentation of a typical agave must that is rustically produced in San Carlos County (Tamaulipas, Mexico). The analysis of metabolite production indicated a short but important malolactic fermentation stage not previously described for mezcal. The denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of the 16S rRNA genes showed a distinctive lactic acid bacterial community composed mainly of Pediococcus parvulus, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus composti, Lactobacillus parabuchneri, and Lactobacillus plantarum. Some atypical genera such as Weissella and Bacillus were also found in the residual must. Our results suggest that the lactic acid bacteria could strongly be implicated in the organoleptic attributes of this traditional Mexican distilled beverage.

Soybean Rust Caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi Detected in the State of Campeche on the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico.

Soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd. & P. Syd is a destructive foliar disease of soybean (Glycine max L), which was first confirmed in North America in Louisiana during 2004 (4). Soybean rust (SBR) has also been reported late in the growing season as far north as Illinois, Indiana, and Iowa. SBR was first confirmed in Mexico in 2005 in the state of San Luis Potosi on soybean (3) and subsequently reported in the states of Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and the southwestern coast of Chiapas. Symptoms of SBR were observed on leaves of multiple, nearly mature soybean plants near the city of Campeche (19.72796°N, 90.0771°W) on the Gulf Coast of the Yucatan Peninsula during November 2008. Angular and irregular chlorotic lesions on leaves contained necrotic spots and pale brown, erumpent, cone-like uredinia with a central opening. Ellipsoid to obovoid, echinulate, light tan urediniospores (10 to 13 × 16 to 18 μm) were observed microscopically. DNA was extracted from leaf tissue containing uredinia and from asymptomatic tissue with the DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA). P. pachyrhizi was confirmed in the symptomatic leaves by a PCR assay with Ppm1/Ppa2 primers, but not from the asymptomatic leaves (1). Subsequently, the DNA extracted from symptomatic and asymptomatic leaf tissues was tested again in another laboratory by a specific quantitative PCR assay (1), and positive results for the presence of soybean rust were obtained only from the symptomatic tissue. As a final confirmatory step, amplified DNA from the PCR assay was sequenced, and the results matched P. pachyrhizi sequences in the GenBank database. To our knowledge, these observations confirm for the first time the presence of P. pachyrhizi in the state of Campeche of southern Mexico. Although it was confirmed on soybean during 2008, it is not known how long the pathogen has been present or which other hosts may be infected there. The presence of SBR on the Yucatan Peninsula is significant because of its potential effects on local plant hosts. In addition, the climate allows possible year-round survival of the pathogen and long-distance transport of urediniospores to the United States. Potential transport of SBR spores from this part of Mexico to the United States has been reported through the application of NOAA's HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Transport) model and atmospheric back-trajectory analysis (2).

Epizootiology of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina in Free-ranging White-tailed Deer in Northeastern México

Species of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) ticks are the vectors of babesiosis (cattle fever tick), which are distributed worldwide. White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are important secondary hosts for the cattle fever ticks, Rhipicephalus (B.) annulatus and Rhipicephalus (B.) microplus. White-tailed deer are capable of sustaining Boophilus spp. tick populations in the presence or absence of cattle. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina and the prevalence of antibodies to them and identify possible risk factors for bovine babesiosis in white-tailed deer in 3 northeastern states of México. Whole blood and serum samples (n = 457) were collected from white-tailed deer in the states of Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas during the spring of 2004. Samples were tested for B. bovis and B. bigemina by nested polymerase chain reaction (n-PCR) (the primers for B. bovis identified the gene Rap-1 and B. bigemina were specific primers) and by an indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT). A questionnaire was given to each ranch to obtain information about management practices. Logistic regression methods were used to test the association between management factors and the dependent variable of positive n-PCR or IFAT. Nineteen (4.2%) samples were positive to B. bigemina and 6 (1.7%) were positive to B. bovis by n-PCR. Serological testing showed 59.9% (n = 274) of deer sampled were positive to B. bovis and 5.4% (n = 25) were positive to B. bigemina antibodies. The logistic model varied with different dependent variables. With positive n-PCR and B. bigemina as the dependent variable, 3 factors were associated: habitat (presence of brush and exotic grasses; odds ratio (OR), 3.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.3-8.5), grazing system (continuous grazing OR 4.0; CI, 1.3-12.2), and tick treatment frequency (3-4 mo; OR 7.0, CI 1.4-34.3; 5-6 mo; OR, 11.0; CI, 1.9-62.7; > 6 mo; OR, 4.6; CI, 0.9-23.3). These findings suggest that white-tailed deer may act as a reservoir for the 2 bovine Babesia spp. and that white-tailed deer may be important in the epidemiology of babesiosis. However, evidence is not available to support whether white-tailed deer are, or are not, likely to be a host that could complete the transmission cycle of Babesia spp. These results suggest that additional research is needed to demonstrate the importance of white-tailed deer as a Babesia spp. infection source for ticks.

El género Panicum (Poaceae: Panicoideae) en el noreste de México

Se presenta un estudio taxonómico del género Panicum para el Noreste de México, el cual incluye los estados de Coahuila, Nuevo León y Tamaulipas. La región es considerada un centro de origen y diversifi cación de plantas de las zonas áridas y semiáridas del país, donde la agricultura y la ganadería son dos actividades muy importantes. El género es el más grande de la tribu Paniceae, con distribución mundial, está representado en el área de estudio por un total de 19 especies con cuatro variedades. Se presenta además una clave para diferenciar los géneros recientemente segregados de Panicum , descripciones de las especies, distribución en México y se incluyen mapas de distribución para el área de estudio.

Pompilidae (Hymenoptera) de algunos municipios del centro y sur de Tamaulipas, México

Se registran 102 especies y 32 géneros de las cuatro subfamilias de avispas Pompilidae, colectadas en localidades de ocho municipios de Tamaulipas, México. De éstas, 21 especies son nuevos registros para el país y 88 especies son nuevos registros para el Estado de Tamaulipas. Las especies más abundantes fueron Aporus notabilis notabilis y Episyron conterminus posterus. Entre las especies, 33 son de afinidad neotropical. Es muy posible que más especies estén presentes en esta región del país y por lo tanto será necesario realizar más estudios encaminados a conocer la riqueza de este grupo de avispas.

Range Expansions and New Breeding Records of Birds in Tamaulipas, Mexico

Breeding birds of riparian forests and other habitats in the Ciudad Victoria area were studied, mainly in June 2003 and 2006. Olivaceous woodcreeper (Sittasomus griseicapillus), mangrove swallow (Tachycineta albilinea), and scrub euphonia (Euphonia affinis; nesting) extended their range north to the Ciudad Victoria area. Western kingbird (Tyrannus verticalis) nested for the first time in Tamaulipas and occurred south to the Ciudad Victoria area, and European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) nested in south-central Tamaulipas for the first time. Great curassow (Crax rubra) and crested guan (Penelope purpurascens) were rediscovered in the Ciudad Victoria area for the first time since 1909. Distributions of many species in the state of Tamaulipas are changing, as tropical species move north and temperate-zone species move south.

Identification of Fire Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Northeastern Mexico with Morphology and Molecular Markers

ABSTRACT The invasive red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, has successfully dispersed across many countries from its South American homeland and now has reached the US-Mexico border (e.g., Matamoros, state of Tamaulipas, Mexico), where it now coexists with native fire ants, Solenopsis geminata, Solenopsis xyloni, and others. The morphological identification of Solenopsis spp. workers is difficult, particularly small ones. We examined the sequence of the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) mitochondrial gene (mtDNA) as a marker for fire ants collected at several Mexican localities. PCR products from this locus yielded unique sequences and restriction patterns that allowed distinguishing between S. invicta, S. geminata, and specimens harboring S. xyloni sequences. The S. invicta sequences obtained were 99% identical to sequences reported from Florida and New Mexico specimens. The S. xyloni sequences obtained were 96% identical to New Mexico sequences. The S. geminata sequences were similar (93% identity)...

First Record of Culiseta melanura in Mexico, with ADditional Mexican Records for Aedes sollicitans

Larvae of Culiseta melanura were collected during June 2001 and January 2002 in Nuevo Leon State, Mexico. This is the first record of this species in Mexico. Female and male adults of Aedes sollicitans were collected during May 1992 and June 1994 in Tamaulipas State and Nuevo Leon State, respectively; adult females of Ae. sollicitans were collected also during 1996 from a resting place in Oaxaca State. These records for Ae. sollicitans supplement previous Mexican records of the species. All specimens were identified through examination of adult females, male genitalia, and associated larval exuviae when available.

Survey for Antibody to Hantaviruses in Tamaulipas, México

Wild rodents (n=248) were trapped in two ecologically distinct sites at El Cielo Biosphere Reserve in the state of Tamaulipas, Mexico, during the summer of 2003. Samples from 199 individuals were tested for Hantavirus antibodies by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Hantavirus antibodies to recombinant Sin Nombre virus nucleocapsid protein were found in seven rodents (3.5%) of a single species, Peromyscus levipes. Antibody-positive rodents were found only in the Cloud Forest site, which had lower rodent species diversity than the Tropical Subdecidous Forest site. Although the identity of the virus in P. levipes remains to be determined, our study provides further evidence that Hantavirus antibody-positive individuals are prevalent in the rodent fauna of Mexico. This is the first survey for Hantavirus antibodies in the rodent fauna of Tamaulipas and the first report of P. levipes as a potential host for a Hantavirus.

Analysis of point source emissions in the Texas-Mexico border region

Pollutant emissions in the Texas-Mexico border were investigated using an emission database that covers 25 Texas counties and the states of Coahuila, Chihuahua, Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas in Mexico. Major emissions are from energy generation, mainly from two coal-fired facilities in Coahuila, which also generate most of carbon dioxide. Texas exhibits a larger concentration of sources; around Laredo and the Lower Rio Grande Valley and a sugarcane mill is a significant contributor to particles emissions. In Mexico the minerals and metals industries are the second major contributors to emissions, especially particles. Fossil fuel production is the main source of VOCs.

Identificación, distribución y plantas hospederas de diez especies de agromyzidae (insecta: diptera), de interés agronómico en México

Se presentan diez especies de Agromyzidae de interés agronómico en Texcoco, (Estado de México), Altamira, (Tamaulipas), Magdalena Contreras, (D. F) y Nativitas, (Tlaxcala). Se proporciona unadescripción del adulto, distribución y plantas hospederas de cada especie, además de una clave para su identificación con fotografías que ilustran las características del edeago y bomba eyaculadora porespecie. Las especies identificadas fueron: Amauromyza abnormalis (Malloch), Liriomyza brassicae (Riley), Liriomyza sabaziae Spencer, Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), Melanagromyza minimoides Spencer,Melanagromyza neotropica Spencer, Melanagromyza splendida Frick, Melanagromyza tomaterae Steyskal, Melanagromyza viridis (Frost) y Ophiomyia lantanae (Froggatt).

Encarsia aurantii species-group (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), parasitoids of armored scales (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in Mexico, with key and description of a new species

Encarsia escama sp. n. reared from Diaspididae in the state of Tamaulipas, Mexico, is described. A key for identifi cation of Encarsia species from aurantii group parasitizing armored scales in Mexico is proposed. Also data on hosts and distribution for all six Mexican Encarsia species of aurantii group are given. Replacement name for Encarsia polaszeki (Myartseva & Coronado-Blanco) is proposed.

Prevalence of Infectious Agents in Free-ranging White-tailed Deer in Northeastern Mexico

The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of antibodies against brucellosis, leptospirosis, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in northeastern Mexico. Deer (n=521) were captured from helicopter using a netgun on 15 ranches covering 62,114 ha in the states of Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas during spring 2004. The prevalence of antibodies against Leptospira, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, BVDV, and brucellosis were 5.6, 41.1, 63.5, and 0%, respectively, indicating that white-tailed deer and cattle may share disease agents when cohabiting in northeastern Mexico.

Genetic diversity of Anaplasma marginale strains from an outbreak of bovine anaplasmosis in an endemic area

Anaplasma marginale is a tick-borne pathogen of cattle that causes the disease bovine anaplasmosis worldwide. Major surface proteins (MSPs) are involved in host–pathogen and tick–pathogen interactions and have been used as markers for the genetic characterization of A. marginale strains. A. marginale genotypes are highly variable in endemic areas worldwide. The genetic composition of A. marginale strains during anaplasmosis outbreaks has been characterized in one study only which reported a single msp1α genotype in infected cattle. However, more information is required to characterize whether a single genotype is responsible for an anaplasmosis outbreak or whether multiple genotypes can cause disease in naïve cattle within a single herd in endemic areas. The aim of this study was to characterize the genetic diversity of A. marginale strains from an outbreak of bovine anaplasmosis in the State of Tamaulipas, Mexico. A. marginale genotypes were characterized at the molecular level using msp4 and msp1α gene sequences. The results revealed that several A. marginale genotypes are present in cattle during acute anaplasmosis outbreaks, thus suggesting that mechanical transmission or stochastic biological transmission through equally efficient independent transmission events may explain A. marginale genotype frequency in a cattle herd during acute bovine anaplasmosis outbreaks in endemic areas. The results reported herein corroborated the genetic heterogeneity of A. marginale strains in endemic regions worldwide. The development and implementation of anaplasmosis control measures is dependent upon understanding the epidemiology of A. marginale in endemic regions, including the characterization of the genetic diversity of strains that produce outbreaks of bovine anaplasmosis.