With the continuous development of the times, music education in primary and secondary schools is constantly innovating in terms of teaching concepts, teaching methods, and implementation methods. The reform of basic music education has aroused the reflection of music teacher education in colleges and universities, and the talent training model of music teachers has become a hot issue that has been widely concerned in the new era. To explore the educational significance and influencing factors of entrepreneurship education in college music education and examine the mediating role of self-efficacy and gender adjustment in entrepreneurial education, based on the analysis of music education and entrepreneurial talent training in colleges and universities, a questionnaire survey, statistics, and data processing were adopted in this work. In this work, a path model was established based on the mediating effect and the moderating effect, and the equation model was tested. The results show that music education has a positive correlation with entrepreneurial self-efficacy and a negative correlation with entrepreneurial intention, which has not been proved to have a certain effect on entrepreneurial intention. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy has a positive correlation with entrepreneurial intention, and the mediating effect between music professional education and entrepreneurial intention has also been proved. Since there are gender differences and certain stereotypes that cannot be ignored in music education learning, gender adjustment also has a certain influence on entrepreneurial self-efficacy based on music professional education, thereby having a moderating effect on entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship education can improve the comprehensive competitiveness of students. As a result, entrepreneurship education can improve the innovation and entrepreneurship education model and the music education system in colleges and universities by combining with the relationship between entrepreneurial efficacy and intention, and it contributes to the overall cultivation of talent in colleges and universities.
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