Distribution Of Talent Research Articles

How talent cultivation contributes to creating world-class universities in China: A policy discourse analysis

This study investigates how talent cultivation contributes to creating world-class universities in China from the perspectives of characteristics, problems, and choices. A policy discourse perspective is applied to examine the overall landscape of policy formulation and implementation, relatively. It explores the policy discourse analysis of talent cultivation and indicates that the task of talent cultivation is to train student to undertake the great task of national rejuvenation; the goal of talent cultivation is to guide students to grow and become talents; the mission of talent cultivation is to spread advanced culture and core values; the object of talent cultivation is to strengthen undergraduate and graduate education development; the theme of talent cultivation is to enhance innovation and entrepreneurship development. In addition, this study also points out that the assimilation of the objectives of talent training and regional imbalance of talent training are considered as two problems of implementing talent cultivation strategies. This study also suggests that we might reasonably adjust the hierarchical structure of students and control the scale of the school; create the characteristics of first-class talent training and promote the personalized development of talents and reasonably allocate higher education resources to promote the balanced distribution of talents.

THE TALENT VERSUS LUCK MODEL AS AN ENSEMBLE OF ONE-DIMENSIONAL RANDOM WALKS

The role of luck on individual success is hard to be investigated empirically. Simplified mathematical models are often used to shed light on the subtle relations between success and luck. Recently, a simple model called “Talent versus Luck” showed that the most successful individual in a population can be just an average talented individual that is subjected to a very fortunate sequence of events. Here, we modify the framework of the TvL model such that in our model the individuals’ success is modelled as an ensemble of one-dimensional random walks. Our model reproduces the original TvL results and, due to the mathematical simplicity, it shows clearly that the original conclusions of the TvL model are the consequence of two factors: first, the normal distribution of talents with low standard deviation, which creates a large number of average talented individuals; second, the low number of steps considered, which allows the observation of large fluctuations. We also show that the results strongly depend on the relative frequency of good and bad luck events, which defines a critical value for the talent: in the long run, the individuals with high talent end up very successful and those with low talent end up ruined. Last, we considered two variations to illustrate applications of the ensemble of random walks model.

Out of the Shade, into the Light: Star Absence as an Opportunity for Non-Stars

To develop a deeper understanding of how star employees affect their colleagues, this paper investigates temporary star absence and its effect on the productivity of non-stars. Exploiting quasi-experiments induced by injuries of star players in the National Basketball Association (NBA), I analyze changes in the offensive output of non-star players while the star is absent and after he has come back. Compared to the pre-absence phase, non-stars increase their offensive output while the star is absent. After long absences, this effect becomes lasting and non-stars can sustain an increased level of production even when the star has come back. Further analyses reveal that junior employees particularly benefit from star absence, especially those in the middle of the talent distribution. The key mechanism underlying these effects is that non-stars get more opportunities to perform in the absence of the star. Star absence thus provides new development possibilities for employees who are usually overshadowed by the dominant star.

How Relative Age Effects Associate with Football Players' Market Values: Indicators of Losing Talent and Wasting Money.

Background: In football, annual age-group categorization leads to relative age effects (RAEs) in talent development. Given such trends, relative age may also associate with market values. This study analyzed the relationship between RAEs and market values of youth players. Methods: Age category, birthdate, and market values of 11,738 youth male football players were obtained from the “transfermarkt.de” database, which delivers a good proxy for real market values. RAEs were calculated using odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: Significant RAEs were found across all age-groups (p < 0.05). The largest RAEs occurred in U18 players (Q1 [relatively older] v Q4 [relatively younger] OR = 3.1) ORs decreased with age category, i.e., U19 (2.7), U20 (2.6), U21 (2.4), U22 (2.2), and U23 (1.8). At U19s, Q1 players were associated with significantly higher market values than Q4 players. However, by U21, U22, and U23 RAEs were inversed, with correspondingly higher market values for Q4 players apparent. While large typical RAEs for all playing positions was observed in younger age categories (U18–U20), inversed RAEs were only evident for defenders (small-medium) and for strikers (medium-large) in U21–U23 (not goalkeepers and midfielders). Conclusions: Assuming an equal distribution of football talent exists across annual cohorts, results indicate the selection and market value of young professional players is dynamic. Findings suggest a potential biased selection, and undervaluing of Q4 players in younger age groups, as their representation and market value increased over time. By contrast, the changing representations and market values of Q1 players suggest initial overvaluing in performance and monetary terms. Therefore, this inefficient talent selection and the accompanying waste of money should be improved.

Educational choice, rural–urban migration and economic development

We develop an overlapping-generations framework of education-based migration that takes place prior to labor-market participation and explore its role for economic development, urbanization and workforce composition. We show that education-based and work-based migration are substitutes and the equilibrium outcome depends crucially on children’s talent distribution, college costs and selectiveness, urban job opportunities, and migration barriers. We establish conflicting partial- and general-equilibrium effects at work for comparative statics, and examine their locational as well as macroeconomic implications for assessing education and migration policies. Applying our model to fit the data from China over 1980–2007, we find that, although education-based migration only amounts to one-fifth of that of work-based migration, it contributes more to per capita output growth than work-based migration owing to its high-skilled nature. Moreover, the abolishment of education-based migration policy and the relaxation of the work-based migration are found to have limited effects on per capita output and urbanization.

Talent level and major distribution in “Power Five” conference football programs

ABSTRACT This article investigates whether an association existed between the talent level of football student-athletes who competed at “Power Five” institutions during the 2016 season and the likelihood that they were in a clustered major. Previous literature has researched whether clustering occurs and its association with sociological variables. The researchers performed a z-test of proportions to compare the proportion of football student-athletes in a specific major to the male undergraduate students in the same major to determine if a cluster existed, then used a chi-square test to examine the association between recruiting rank and clustering. The data set includes 21 “Power Five” football programs. To measure talent level, the researchers used the composite recruiting rank from 247sports.com. Results of the study showed that football student-athletes with a recruiting rank of three stars or higher were significantly more likely to be in a clustered major at five of the 21 institutions examined.

Rescuing Rawlsian Justice: Are Fraternity and Difference Principle Compatible?

The revival of the academic interest in the problem of fair distribution of resources in the society, which is one of the key issues for the political thought today, is largely associated with the name of John Rawls and his Theory of Justice. The article is devoted to the analysis of Rawls’s arguments in support of the difference principle as one of the principles of social justice. According to Rawls (whose arguments later formed the foundation for a separate direction in the political-philosophical thought known as luck egalitarianism), due to the random nature of the original distribution of talents, inequality in human wellbeing cannot be justified by an appeal to a merit. However, because strict equality in distribution might reduce productivity of the owners of talent, achieving the best outcome for all requires such inequalities that incentivize the more talented to work as efficiently as possible for the benefit of the less talented. This compromise drew criticism from ardent egalitarians, among which Gerald Cohen articulated objections to the difference principle most clearly and compared the claims of the most talented for material rewards with extortion. Having considered possible justifications for the need for incentives, based on Rawls’s argument in the Theory of Justice, the authors conclude that these justifications do not solve the problem that Cohen revealed. Appealing to human nature merely translates the dispute into the methodological realm: should the theory of justice proceed from reality, or should it be guided by the ideal? In turn, the inevitability of a conflict of private interests does not fit well with Rawls’s ideal of fraternity as an integral part of a just social order. According to their conclusion, in order to resolve the internal contradiction in Rawls’s theory, it is necessary to abandon either the postulates of luck egalitarianism or difference principle. However, both of these options directly contradict Rawls’s intellectual constructs and undermine the basic foundations of his concept.

Magnets of creative talents in Yangtze River Delta Bay area

PurposeThis study aims to examine the spatial distribution and movement patterns of creative talent within the Yangtze River Delta Bay Area (YRDBA) and the factors that contribute to such trends.Design/methodology/approachThe study examines data for the period 2006 to 2018 from the regions that constitute the YRDBA: Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui. Spatial distribution pattern analysis is adopted to interpret the flow tendency both spatially and chronologically and a Lasso regression model is used to investigate variables that influence this tendency.FindingsIt is found that creative talents in YRDBA are accumulating steadily in provincial capitals and financially advanced cities. Technology infrastructure, women’s rights, medical care amenities and housing affordability are major determinants of such spatial distribution. The talent spillover effect raises attention in talent saturated areas, while the surrounding regions should prepare to receive and retain the overflow.Originality/valueCreative talents geography in China and the dynamism of creative talent in YRDBA are rarely discussed. Determinants of creative talents lack systematic pectination, literature that filters multiple determinants of creative talents migration is limited and discussion specific to the Chinese context is scarce. This case can, thus, provide insights into creative talents in developing countries and add to the current literature, bridge the gap of the current understanding of creative talents in YRDBA – the innovation and development center in China and provide a reference for policymakers when making macro decisions.

Data Mining System and Construction Analysis of Skilled Talents based on Big Data

The cultivation of high-quality skilled talents is an important subject that needs to be improved in the current vocational college education. Through the construction of the training mechanism corresponding to the specialty, the students’ practical ability can be promoted. Driven by big data, many technical enterprises gradually strengthen the recruitment of technical talents. However, due to the wide distribution of talents, data mining is more difficult. Therefore, it introduces the data mining system and construction analysis of skilled talents based on big data. This paper first analyzes the demand of skilled talents; secondly, the popular data mining technology is applied to this big data system, and the reasons for the low efficiency of data analysis and processing of skilled talents are obtained; then, the Bayesian algorithm in data mining technology is used to classify the technical talents, so that the enterprises in need can select and locate the skilled talents Data positioning is also carried out. Finally, it is concluded that the system can effectively promote the recruitment of technical talents in enterprises, and the ability level of these people after entering the company also meets the post requirements.

GEOGRAPHY OF TALENT FOR UNDERSTANDING REGIONAL DISPARITIES IN SPAIN

Tentative empirical evidence suggests that the agglomeration of talent contributes to regional development. However, given that talented people are not evenly distributed across regions, this paper seeks to determine the role of talent for furthering our understanding of regional disparities in Spain. Here, we empirically evaluate the effects of the distribution of talent on regional differences by means of a detailed analysis of the 17 Autonomous Communities of Spain between 1996 and 2004. The static and non-spatial panel data models are constructed. The unit of analysis is NUTS2. Our findings confirm that the economic performance indicators point to the significant positive impact of talent on regional economic activity. The concentration of talent plays a crucial role in accounting for regional differences. Based on a preliminary analysis of the dispersion in employment and production figures among the Autonomous Communities, the performance of Spain’s outperformers and underperformers is clearly not uniform.

Marine Human Resources and the Ability of Innovation to Develop the Marine Economy: A Coupling and Coordination-Based Study

Yao, H., 2020. Marine human resources and the ability of innovation to develop the marine economy: A coupling and coordination-based study. In: Gong, D.; Zhang, M., and Liu, R. (eds.), Advances in Coastal Research: Engineering, Industry, Economy, and Sustainable Development. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 106, pp. 25–28. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.By analyzing the coupling and coordination of human resources, the role of innovation and talents can better be promoted to develop the marine economy. Through the establishment of an evaluation index system, a coupling-coordination model can be set up, which will better investigate the coupling coordination of marine human resources and marine innovation in the economic development of coastal areas. At present, China's marine human resources mainly include low-level workers, which causes a variety of problems, such as a lack of total talent, a structural imbalance, low density, and so on. With the rapid development of innovation in the marine economy, many problems are apparent, such as an imperfect service system, an uneven distribution of talents, and limited mobility. Therefore, the coupling of talent and economic development must be ensured, which will increase the rapid development of innovation in the marine economy. At the same time, by training and introducing high-end marine talent, the layout of the high-end marine human resources can be optimized, which will help establish an innovation in the marine economic ecosystem.

The Problem of Evil in Sports: Applications and Arguments

ABSTRACT The problem of evil is very old in philosophy (if God is omnipotent and benevolent, why does he allow evil in the world?), but it has not been sufficiently discussed in the context of sports. This article discusses how athletes and fans in sports relate to it. In sports, there are moral evils, such as cheating, trash talking and unjust retaliation. Theists have traditionally appealed to free will as a way to respond to the challenge of moral evil, but this appeal is not without problems. In sports, there are also natural evils, such as injuries and the unfair distribution of natural talents. Theists also have traditional ways of responding to that, but again, it is not clear that these answers are fully satisfactory.

The gender gap in college major choice in Chile

This paper studies gender differences in college applications in Chile. We use the revealed preferences of students for college major choice by taking advantage of Chile’s Centralized Admission System, and estimate a nested logit model to predict the first preference of applicants. We find that males apply to selective programs even when they are marginal candidates, while equally qualified female candidates tend to apply less often to these programs. Using counterfactual exercises, we conclude that to successfully address the gender gap, along with promoting females’ participation in STEM careers, we must increase males’ willingness to consider non-STEM fields. Closing the gender gap does not imply a loss in terms of talent distribution by area of knowledge.

Computerized School Selection and Placement System in The Greater Accra Region of Ghana: Perception of Stakeholders

The study was intended to find out whether the Computerized School Selection and Placement System (CSSPS) was a better alternative to the manual system in the process of selection of qualified students in the Senior High Schools (SHSs) in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. A sample size of 306 was selected from a population of 994. Stratified and simple random sampling procedures were employed to select the subjects in the study sample. Respondents to the questionnaire and interview were randomly selected. A pilot study was conducted in the Eastern Region to test the validity and reliably of the instrument. The Cronbach alpha coefficient reliability at 0.7 was recorded. The data generated was processed and converted into percentages to facilitate the analysis and discussion processes. The results indicated that the introduction of the CSSPS did not significantly increase enrolment in the least endowed schools; neither did it minimize the preference for endowed schools. However, the CSSPS significantly minimized the human errors that characterized the manual system and accelerated the rate of selection and placement process. The major challenge to the CSSPS was the human factor in terms of refusal of parents and students to accept placement into other schools apart from their chosen endowed schools. It is recommended that the CSSPS should be used in combination with other placement systems such as the Random Placement Systems to achieve a mixed talent distribution of students across the schools in the study area.

THE LUCK IN “TALENT VERSUS LUCK” MODELING

This paper further investigates the Talent versus Luck (TvL) model described by [Pluchino et al. Talent versus luck: The role of randomness in success and failure, Adv. Complex Syst. 21 (2018) 1850014] which models the relationship between ‘talent’ and ‘luck’ on the impact of an individuals career. It is shown that the model is very sensitive to both random sampling and the choice of value for the input parameters. Running the model repeatedly with the same set of input parameters gives a range of output values of over 50% of the mean value. The sensitivity of the inputs of the model is analyzed using a variance-based approach based upon generating Sobol sequences of quasi-random numbers. When using the model to look at the talent associated with an individual who has the maximum capital over a model run it has been shown that the choice for the standard deviation of the talent distribution contributes to 67% of the model variability. When investigating the maximum amount of capital returned by the model the probability of a lucky event at any given epoch has the largest impact on the model, almost three times more than any other individual parameter. Consequently, during the analysis of the model results one must keep in mind the impact that only small changes in the input parameters can have on the model output.

Does High Performance Bespeak Doping Abuse? A Performance Related Strategy for Anti-Doping Agencies

We present a theoretical model for performance-based testing. In this model, the doping agency observes either high or low performance from heterogeneous athletes and then decides whom to test. We show that there is an interior equilibrium with a positive testing probability for high and low performers. Counter-intuitively, low performers will be tested more often than high performers. We show that less-able athletes will dope more often than more-able athletes. Furthermore, we show that the overall doping abuse is independent of the distribution of talent, but only depends on the agency’s benefits and costs of doping tests.

ESDA Analysis of Spatial Characteristics of Scientific and Technological Talents

This paper uses exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) to study the spatial distribution pattern and spatial correlation of scientific and technological personnel in Shandong province by selecting the panel data of the full-time R&D personnel in 17 cities of Shandong province in China from 2009 to 2018. The results show that the distribution pattern of the talents in Shandong province tends to be discrete and random in general, and the test results of Moran’ s I measured by global autocorrelation are not significant. From the local spatial autocorrelation analysis, Moran scatter plots show that the distribution of the talents in Shandong province has certain spatial differences and most cities did not pass local indicators of spatial association (LISA) test. The plots further show the heterogeneity of the spatial distribution of scientific and technological talents in Shandong province, which makes it clear that the core areas of the cities under the jurisdiction of Jinan-Qingdao metropolitan area are mostly positive spatial autocorrelation, while most peripheral areas show negative spatial autocorrelation.

Talent, Career Choice and Competition: The Gender Wage Gap at the Top

We propose a management career model where females face a gender-specific career hurdle. We show that female managers will, on average, be more skilled than male managers, since females from the low end of the talent distribution will abstain from investing in a career as a manager. The average female manager will then be better at mitigating more intense product market competition. When the intensity of product market competition increases, hirings and wages for female managers will therefore increase relative to those of male managers. Using Swedish matched employer-employee data, we find strong empirical evidence for all these predictions.

China’s Highly Educated Talents in 2015: Patterns, Determinants and Spatial Spillover Effects

Using data from the 2015 national one percentage population sample survey, this paper examines the distribution, driving forces, and spatial effect of highly educated talents at the prefecture level. It involves spatial autocorrelation analysis and spatial econometrics models. The results show that the spatial pattern of talents is highly concentrated, unbalanced, and clustered among cities. Economic opportunities are the main forces affecting the distribution of talents, although some amenity variables (e.g., public services and accessibility) also matter. Our findings suggest that spatial spillover effect of the distribution of talents mainly comes from the influence of cross-city or country specific talent policies and social network linkages.

Productivity gains from reallocation of talent in Brazil and India

This paper investigates labor market outcomes and their effects on aggregate productivity in Brazil and India. The empirical evidence points to the inefficient allocation of talent across occupations in both countries. Two main factors are identified as causes of the inefficiency: frictions in human capital accumulation and frictions in the labor markets. The resulting distribution of talent negatively affects aggregate productivity, which is examined by using an augmented Roy model. The model predicts that the elimination of barriers to human capital accumulation and in the labor markets in Brazil and India increases the output on average by 22–52% and 38–53%, respectively.