Taiwan Indigenous Research Articles

Planetarity, Anti-Globalization, and Local Knowledge: The English Translation of Taiwan Indigenous Literature and World Literature

<p>本論文主要的研究目的在於探索全球化對於臺灣原住民文學的英譯產生了哪些影響，還有背後的成因何在。以史碧瓦克（G. C. Spivak）、達姆洛許（David Damrosch）、艾普特（Emily Apter）三人對於世界文學提出 的論述為理論框架，一方面以史碧瓦克提出的「星球性」（planetarity）研究範式指出問題所在，配合達姆洛許的世界文學閱讀模式（reading mode） 以及艾普特的「不可翻譯性」（untranslatability）論述來建構後續討論的理論基礎。在分析三位臺灣原住民作家文學作品之英譯文本後，我們會發現譯者的確欠缺對於各族語言、文化應有的認識，或出於疏忽，才會如艾普特所說，並未專注在如何將地方知識成功轉化為另一種語言，因此造成了達姆洛許強調的，原文經過翻譯後嚴重耗損但卻無法獲得補救的現象。</p> <p> </p><p>This study aims at exploring the impacts of globalization on the English translation of Taiwan indigenous literature and the causes of these impacts. Based on the World Literature theoretical formulations proposed by Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, David Damrosch, and Emily Apter, this study will, on the one hand, pinpoints the problems of globalization via Spivak’s paradigm of planetarity; and then, on the other hand, goes on to lay the foundation for further discussions by way of Damrosch’s reading mode of World Literature and Apter’s concept of untranslatability. After analyzing the English translations of the works by three Taiwan indigenous writers, the present study will reveal the fact that many translators have indeed not known enough, or been careful enough, about the languages and cultures of the tribes they translated, resulting in Apter’s contention that the translators cannot transform local knowledge from one language to another, which attests to the unamendable losses of translation observed by Damrosch.</p> <p> </p>

“Utux Tmninun U, ini sruwa muway pusu dnui rudan sunan ka hiya”: Reading Naboth’s Refusal (1 Kings 21:3) from the Sediq Mother Tongue

Since the advent of the vernacular Bibles for the Taiwan Indigenous Peoples (TIP), the TIP Christians are privileged to read and hear the Word of God in their ‘ancestral tones’ with familiarity and attachment. Sediq people, the nation the author belongs to, have also been privileged from the publication of the vernacular Bible. Most Sediq people are welcoming this vernacular Bible and feel blessed to use their ancestor’s language to communicate with God. However, the scarcely discussed issues are that the biblical reading and interpretive approaches employed by the Sediq people are distinctive. Namely, Sediq people’s vernacular involves Sediq’s cultural resources-philology, traditional narratives, traditional stories, cultural meanings, traditional philosophies and worldviews-into the interaction with the contents and stories of the vernacular Bible. This paper argues the significance of embracing vernacular as a foundation for biblical reading, how this acceptance shifts the role of the vernacular Bible and how this approach contributes to the contextual, decolonial and postcolonial reflections on the TIP’s land issues by reading 1 Kings 21:3, one of the verses that resonating TIP’s ancestral and cultural wisdom. Keywords: Sediq People, Taiwan Indigenous Peoples, land issues, ancestral philosophies

"The Book "" The History and Custom of Taiwan Indigenous Peoples "" and the Formation of the Indigenous Educational Policy in the Early Days of the Japanese Colonial Period "

<p>本文主要目的在於從《臺灣蕃人事情》報告，來看日治初期官方原住民教育政策之形成。《臺灣蕃人事情》是民政部事務囑託伊能嘉矩和粟野傳之丞呈給民政長官後藤新平的覆命書，此覆命書係為實施蕃人教育預作準備。本書大部分內容由人類學調查所組成，可作為從人類學的角度看待教育的特殊視角。在蕃人教育措施準備上，覆命書中提及針對各族原住民「開化發達」的程度不同，給予適當之教育措施。對照日本總督府隨後原住民教育政策之發展，覆命書確實有其若合符節之處，也有差異之處。會有差異之處的原因，在於殖產部門所管轄的原住民區域，發展出與文教部門不同的原住民教育措施。</p> <p> </p><p>The main purpose of this article is to analyze the relation between the formation of the official indigenous education policy in the early period of Japanese colony and the report “The History and Custom of Taiwan Indigenous Peoples ". “The History and Custom of Taiwan Indigenous Peoples “was the official report for the Chief of the Civil Affairs, Goto Shinpei, by two officials of Department of Civil Affairs, Ino Kanori and Suo Chuanji. The purpose of survey was the preparations for educating indigenous peoples. Most part of this report was based on field study, which could help to see education from an anthropological perspective. For establishing an education system for indigenous peoples, it divided to the different levels of civilization of each different ethnic group of indigenous peoples, and then gave each an appropriate education. Comparing the subsequent development of the indigenous education system that Taiwan Governor’s Office of Japanese initiated, it found there were some similarity and difference between the official report and the practical policy. The reason for the difference based on the development of indigenous educational policy that was different from the educational unit in the indigenous areas under the jurisdiction of the developmental department.</p> <p> </p>

"The Book The History and Custom of Taiwan Indigenous Peoples and the Formation of the Indigenous Educational Policy in the Early Days of the Japanese Colonial Period "

<p>本文主要目的在於從《臺灣蕃人事情》報告，來看日治初期官方原住民教育政策之形成。《臺灣蕃人事情》是民政部事務囑託伊能嘉矩和粟野傳之丞呈給民政長官後藤新平的覆命書，此覆命書係為實施蕃人教育預作準備。本書大部分內容由人類學調查所組成，可作為從人類學的角度看待教育的特殊視角。在蕃人教育措施準備上，覆命書中提及針對各族原住民「開化發達」的程度不同，給予適當之教育措施。對照日本總督府隨後原住民教育政策之發展，覆命書確實有其若合符節之處，也有差異之處。會有差異之處的原因，在於殖產部門所管轄的原住民區域，發展出與文教部門不同的原住民教育措施。</p> <p> </p><p>The main purpose of this article is to analyze the relation between the formation of the official indigenous education policy in the early period of Japanese colony and the report “The History and Custom of Taiwan Indigenous Peoples ". “The History and Custom of Taiwan Indigenous Peoples “was the official report for the Chief of the Civil Affairs, Goto Shinpei, by two officials of Department of Civil Affairs, Ino Kanori and Suo Chuanji. The purpose of survey was the preparations for educating indigenous peoples. Most part of this report was based on field study, which could help to see education from an anthropological perspective. For establishing an education system for indigenous peoples, it divided to the different levels of civilization of each different ethnic group of indigenous peoples, and then gave each an appropriate education. Comparing the subsequent development of the indigenous education system that Taiwan Governor’s Office of Japanese initiated, it found there were some similarity and difference between the official report and the practical policy. The reason for the difference based on the development of indigenous educational policy that was different from the educational unit in the indigenous areas under the jurisdiction of the developmental department.</p> <p> </p>

Resilience for Whom? A Case Study of Taiwan Indigenous People’s Struggle in the Pursuit of Social-Ecological Resilience

While the notion of social-ecological system resilience is widely accepted and applied, the issue of “resilience for whom” is clearly ignored. This phenomenon has also occurred in Taiwan. This article explores the roots of, and a possible solution to, this issue through a case study in the context of Taiwan’s indigenous peoples. The Danungdafu area, the focal social-ecological system, was studied. Qualitative research methods and an action-oriented research approach were employed. For a long period, the central government shaped the political, economic, social, institutional, and ecological contexts; dominated resilience discourses and determined the problem-framing and problem-solving agenda; defined the scale and levels at which social-ecological system governance issues were addressed; and determined the knowledge system used to define and solve problems. After 2011, a new participatory governance regime emerged. Multiple stakeholders, including indigenous communities, began to contribute to resilience discourses and influenced governance and trade-offs among differing governance goals. However, under the established structures dominated by Han people, indigenous views, rights, and well-being continue to be ignored. Affirmative action is required to recognize and safeguard indigenous rights. A practical institutional pathway is available to facilitate the transformation from “resilience for mainstream society” to “resilience for indigenous people” in indigenous territories.

Virtual screening,docking and molecular dynamics simulation of selected phytochemical compounds bound to receptor tyrosine kinases:A correlative anti angiogenic study.

Screening of phytochemicals for their anti angiogenic potential has been a growing area of research in the current decade. The following study proposes virtual screening, drug likeliness and ADME filtering of specific phytochemical based compounds retrieved from "TIP - A Database of Taiwan Indigenous Plants". The study further subjects the filtered phytochemicals for their molecular docking analysis and molecular dynamics simulation studies against the prominent receptor tyrosine kinases EGFR, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 involved in angiogenesis phenomenon. Among the various in silico analysis done and precise interpretations, the current study finally proposes 1- Hydroxycryprochine as one of the most potent lead in combating angiogenic phenomenon and thus cancer. The following study involves all such important use of in silico platforms, tools and analysis protocols which are expected to reproduce commendable results in wet lab studies. The proposed compound 1-hydroxycryprochine tends to justify its anti angogenic potential in all interactional and stability studies.

Consolidated criteria for strengthening reporting of health research involving indigenous peoples: the CONSIDER statement

BackgroundResearch reporting guidelines are increasingly commonplace and shown to improve the quality of published health research and health outcomes. Despite severe health inequities among Indigenous Peoples and the potential for research to address the causes, there is an extended legacy of health research exploiting Indigenous Peoples. This paper describes the development of the CONSolIDated critERtia for strengthening the reporting of health research involving Indigenous Peoples (CONSIDER) statement.MethodsA collaborative prioritization process was conducted based on national and international statements and guidelines about Indigenous health research from the following nations (Peoples): Australia (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders), Canada (First Nations Peoples, Métis), Hawaii (Native Hawaiian), New Zealand (Māori), Taiwan (Taiwan Indigenous Tribes), United States of America (First Nations Peoples) and Northern Scandinavian countries (Sami). A review of seven research guidelines was completed, and meta-synthesis was used to construct a reporting guideline checklist for transparent and comprehensive reporting of research involving Indigenous Peoples.ResultsA list of 88 possible checklist items was generated, reconciled, and categorized. Eight research domains and 17 criteria for the reporting of research involving Indigenous Peoples were identified. The research reporting domains were: (i) governance; (ii) relationships; (iii) prioritization; (iv) methodologies; (v) participation; (vi) capacity; (vii) analysis and findings; and (viii) dissemination.ConclusionsThe CONSIDER statement is a collaborative synthesis and prioritization of national and international research statements and guidelines. The CONSIDER statement provides a checklist for the reporting of health research involving Indigenous peoples to strengthen research praxis and advance Indigenous health outcomes.

Voices of Atayal People: Indigenous Cultural Memory in Modern Taiwan Society

When talking about Indigenous culture in the 21 st century, it is important to understand the Taiwan Indigenous People and their ways of cultural practices. This study used ethnographic inquiry as a qualitative approach for a total of 11 people from an aboriginal tribe called, Tayal (Atayal) in northern Taiwan. Data sources include: (1) Tape-recording in Mandarin Chinese, Tayal language, and English from the research participants; (2) Community event observations; and (3) one-on-one interviews. This study revealed that preservation of Tayal heritage, language, culture and social lifestyle structure in the 21 st century and beyond is a major concern and deeply important to Tayal communities and individuals. An effort to construct an authentic Tayal traditional culture education program seems to have significant benefits for not only Tayal children, families, communities, but for the Taiwanese society as well.

Discovery of Potential Plant-Derived Peptide Deformylase (PDF) Inhibitors for Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Using Computational Studies.

Bacterial peptide deformylase (PDF) is an attractive target for developing novel inhibitors against several types of multidrug-resistant bacteria. The objective of the current study is to retrieve potential phytochemicals as prospective drugs against Staphylococcus aureus peptide deformylase (SaPDF). The current study focuses on applying ligand-based pharmacophore model (PharmL) and receptor-based pharmacophore (PharmR) approaches. Utilizing 20 known active compounds, pharmL was built and validated using Fischer’s randomization, test set method and the decoy set method. PharmR was generated from the knowledge imparted by the Interaction Generation protocol implemented on the Discovery Studio (DS) v4.5 and was validated using the decoy set that was employed for pharmL. The selection of pharmR was performed based upon the selectivity score and further utilizing the Pharmacophore Comparison module available on the DS. Subsequently, the validated pharmacophore models were escalated for Taiwan Indigenous Plants (TIP) database screening and furthermore, a drug-like evaluation was performed. Molecular docking was initiated for the resultant compounds, employing CDOCKER (available on the DS) and GOLD. Eventually, the stability of the final PDF–hit complexes was affirmed using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation conducted by GROMACS v5.0.6. The redeemed hits demonstrated a similar binding mode and stable intermolecular interactions with the key residues, as determined by no aberrant behaviour for 30 ns. Taken together, it can be stated that the hits can act as putative scaffolds against SaPDF, with a higher therapeutic value. Furthermore, they can act as fundamental structures for designing new drug candidates.

Effects of interactive marketing on value co-creation in cultural tourism

To cope with the fierce competition of global industries and the rapid changes of overall environment, cultural and creative industry in the development towards high value-added knowledge-based economy plays a critical role in the integration of humanities and economic development to become a major development in the future competition in tourism industry. In cultural tourism, cultural tourism businesses play the major role of service providers that the relationship and interaction with consumers would undoubtedly affect consumers’ perceived service value of cultural tourism. Aiming at cultural tourism, visitors to Taiwan Indigenous Peoples Cultural Park are the research objects in this study for 300 copies of questionnaire. Total 237 valid copies are retrieved, with the retrieval rate 79%. The research results are summarized as followings. 1. Interactive marketing presents significantly positive correlations with return on investment. 2. Interactive marketing shows remarkably positive correlations with service excellence. 3. Interactive marketing reveals notably positive correlations with aesthetics. 4. Interactive marketing appears significantly positive correlations with playfulness. According to above results, suggestions are proposed, expecting to assist domestic cultural tourism businesses and consumers in achieving value co-creation.

INDIGENOUS MEDIA FROM U-MATIC TO YOUTUBE: MEDIA SOVEREIGNTY IN THE DIGITAL AGE

Abstract This article covers a wide range of projects from the earliest epistemological challenges posed by video experiments in remote Central Australia in the 1980s to the emergence of indigenous filmmaking as an intervention into both the Australian national imaginary and the idea of world cinema. It also addresses the political activism that led to the creation of four national indigenous television stations in the early 21st century: Aboriginal People's Television Network in Canada; National Indigenous Television in Australia; Maori TV in New Zealand; and Taiwan Indigenous Television in Taiwan); and considers what the digital age might mean for indigenous people worldwide employing great technological as well as political creativity.

Establishment and Evaluation of Science Curriculum Development Principles for Taiwan Indigenous Peoples

This study establishes science curriculum development principles based on Taiwan’s indigenous culture. The 30 curriculum development principles are divided into five dimensions, namely cognitive style, learning interest, learning effectiveness, local-based, and cultural response. This study verified the five dimensions and found that learning assessments for indigenous students should mainly consist of operation-style items with illustrations. The curriculum design should contain game-based learning activities, outdoor teaching activities, and personal experience expeditionary learning; the curriculum design should improve indigenous students’ confidence and self-worth. Finally, a responsive evaluation is performed on “energy,” “robot” and “metacognition and creativity” courses for students in higher grades. In terms of “course objectives,” the course plans reached standards and described clear course objectives; in terms of “teaching instructions,” the course plans were coordinated with teaching activities and strategies of teachers and learning activities of students; in terms of “acquisition courses,” the course plans were favored by students and most students believed that they were able to apply what they learned in life; in terms of “curriculum development,” school administration actively assisted with curriculum development. Therefore, the science curriculum development principles established by this study can serve as reference for teachers or research institutes hoping to develop science courses for indigenous students.

Taiwan Indigenous Peoples and Tourism

Taiwan Indigenous Peoples and Tourism

Effects of brand and quality management on consumers' purchasing willingness of indigenous handicrafts in Taiwan

This study aimed to test the hypothesis that adoption of a handicraft quality certification system will promote consumers’ willingness to purchase indigenous handicrafts in Taiwan. The results show that both a brand effect and quality management effect can promote consumers to spend more money buying accredited indigenous handicrafts. In the future a reduction of customer transaction costs and an increase of consumers’ trust can be expected. This implies that the implementation of the “Certification System for Taiwan Indigenous Cultural Industry” by the Government of Taiwan will help increase consumers’ recognition of Taiwan indigenous handicrafts. It also implies that the effect of a difference in the price of handicrafts will benefit craftmakers and any technology associated with the certification system. In addition, implementing such a system will contribute to enhanced social security, protection of cultural heritage and promotion of national development.

The Merging of Myth and Modern Authors’ Works – Exclusive Study On Taiwan Indigenous Writer Rapongan Syaman’s novels

The Merging of Myth and Modern Authors’ Works – Exclusive Study On Taiwan Indigenous Writer Rapongan Syaman’s novels

Do Waves Have Memories?

Syaman Rapongan夏曼．藍波安, né en 1957 sur l’île des Orchidées (Pongso no Tao en langue tao, Lanyu en chinois), est un écrivain qui revendique son appartenance au groupe aborigène des Tao. Auteur de nombreux essais, romans et légendes, son œuvre est souvent considérée par le champ littéraire à Taiwan comme un canon de la « littérature aborigène » (原住民文學 yuanzhumin wenxue).Baptisé par la critique d’ « écrivain de l ‘océan » (海洋作家 haiyang zuojia), ses écrits sont ainsi marqués par des thèmes récurrents la vie quotidienne des Tao et leurs pratiques sociales et religieuses, dans lesquelles l’océan tient effectivement une place majeure. Ses considérations littéraires sont autant de réflexions sur les rapports ethniques et/ou politiques entretenus entre la population Han de Taiwan et les Tao, mais aussi entre les Tao et d’autres peuples austronésiens du Pacifique. Le monde « naturel » et les problèmes environnementaux se retrouvent par ailleurs souvent au centre de ses textes.Cet article s’attardera précisément sur l’appropriation de la thématique environnementale dans l’écriture de Syaman Rapongan, principalement dans ses recueils d’essais Sentiments profonds par une mer froide (冷海情深 Lenghai Qingshen, 1997) La mémoire des vagues (海浪的記憶 Hailang de jiyi, 2002) et Le visage du navigateur (航海家的臉 Hanghai jia de lian, 2007). Cette interrogation nous amènera à effectuer une analyse sur le primitivisme et l’(éco)-cosmopolitisme auquel fait appel Rapongan dans son écriture, et la manière dont il traite de questions telles que la surpêche ou le stockage des déchets nucléaires sur l’île des Orchidée, qu’il considère comme des dégradations tout aussi environnementales que culturelles/cosmologiques.À la lumière, des théories écocritiques et de la justice environnementale, mon ambition sera de mettre en relief les interconnections entre problématiques humaines et environnementales dans les écrits océaniques de Syaman Rapongan et de comprendre comme son écriture du paysage passé d’un appel à une restauration écologique localisée à une approche pus cosmopolite, initiant ainsi un processus de déterritorialisation. Dans cette étude, j’essaierai enfin de mettre en perspective l’approche de Rapongan avec celle d’autres auteurs des « archipels », dans leur recherche d’un modèle alternatif d’habiter le monde.

Peddling Postcards and Selling Empire: Image-Making in Taiwan under Japanese Colonial Rule

Picture postcards were an important element of Japanese imperial propaganda, though they have yet to receive the scholarly attention they deserve. This paper argues that the Taiwan Government-General played an active role in the production and dissemination of picture postcards to propagate a particular view of life in the ‘Aborigine Territory’. To promote ethnic tourism in the wake of the bloody 1930 Wushe Uprising, and to construct Taiwan's majority Han population as ‘inauthentic’ as part of a wider ideological offensive against China, Japanese colonial postcards portrayed Taiwan Indigenous Peoples as isolated, culturally intact, and indebted to a benevolent state. The most widely circulated picture-postcard images of Taiwan Indigenous Peoples were produced by a coterie that included photographer Segawa Kōkichi, publisher Katsuyama Yoshisaku, watercolorist Lan Yinding and Aborigine Affairs Chief Suzuki Hideo. The documentary traces they left behind reveal a series of cross-cutting social and professional ties that bound them together as an ‘interpretive community’. Their location in centers of colonial culture, commerce, and government, along with the internal consistency of their vision, well positioned them to not only peddle postcards, but to sell an empire.

A Study on the Intelligence Profiles of Taiwan Indigenous Students: The Case of Second Grade Pupils

Abstract This paper attempts to develop an intelligence-fair assessment tool to explore the intelligence profiles of 15 second grade Amis pupils. This study was conducted in an elementary school in Taiwan with a largely Amis population of lower socioeconomic status. The results illustrate that the most developed intelligence for eight pupils was musical intelligence and that most pupils in this class are also skilled at bodily-kinesthetic and linguistic intelligence. However, these second grade pupils did not have very highly developed interpersonal intelligences which traditionally stereotyped the capabilities of indigenous pupils. Furthermore, each student had his/her own unique intelligence profile. Do Amis pupils have a particular intelligence profile as a group? Or are their individual differences greater than their group similarities? It is recommended that future studies observe both the whole ethnic group and individual pupil's intelligence profile to help each pupil develop to their full potential.

Understanding the Taiwan Indigenous Psychology Movement

A five-part model of the development of indigenous psychology movements was proposed from a sociology of science perspective, two parts of which, the local relevance path and the conditions of work path, were examined in the context of the Taiwan Indigenous Psychology Movement (TIPM). The Local Relevance Path focuses on indigenous movements’ concerns with the cultural relevance of Western psychology, the validity of positivist epistemology and methodology, and the appropriateness of English-language communication. The Conditions of Work Path places the research activities and career strategies of non-Western psychologists in the context of their available resources and career contingencies. A study of 103 proponents and opponents of the TIPM provided support for both models, particularly in respondents’ dissatisfaction with positivist epistemology and their research resources. The TIPM is well known in Taiwan and garners moderate support, but strong divisions were found among subdisciplines and between locally versus overseas-educated respondents on most measures. Issues of qualitative versus quantitative methods, the influence of the Taiwanese cultural renaissance, and the validity of outsider analyses of indigenous movements are discussed.

The Costs and Returns of Human Migration

The Costs and Returns of Human Migration