Tail Theory Research Articles

The Promoting Role of Digital Inclusive Finance in the Innovation Transformation of Micro and Small Enterprises

To comprehend the role of digital inclusive finance (DIF) in facilitating the innovation transformation of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs), this study endeavors to establish a theoretical framework incorporating the Long Tail Theory, Financial Development Theory, and Information Asymmetry Theory. Employing a fixed-effects model, the study delves into the impact of DIF on the innovation transformation of MSEs. The findings suggest that DIF significantly mitigates the financing constraints faced by MSEs, thereby fostering their innovation transformation. This study bears both theoretical and practical significance in enhancing the understanding of the mechanism through which DIF promotes the innovation development of MSEs, while also providing a foundational reference for pertinent policy formulation.

How does digital inclusive finance promote the journey of common prosperity in China?

In contrast to previous studies by using provincial data, this paper employs city-level data from 260 prefecture-level cities in China between 2011 and 2020 to explore the underlying mechanism of how digital inclusive finance promotes the realisation of common prosperity in China. In addition, this paper incorporates financial deepening theory, financial exclusion theory, long tail theory, digital divide theory and technology driven theory to examine the proposed research questions. Through system-GMM and IV estimation, the results show that common prosperity is composed of development, sharing and sustainability. The high level of the weight of the first-level indicators for development and sharing reflects the importance of “prosperity” and “sharing” in common prosperity. Digital inclusive finance plays a significant role in promoting the development of urban common prosperity, with a more pronounced effect in the Eastern cities when compared to the Central and Western cities. In addition, digital inclusive finance is found to promote urban common prosperity by overcoming the digital divide and by improving the activity of urban innovation and entrepreneurship. Furthermore, the degree of marketisation is suggested to exert a positive role in regulating the impact of digital inclusive finance on common prosperity.

Market Entry and Competition Under Network Effects

The “long tail” theory was celebrated by BusinessWeek as the biggest idea of the year 2004, soon after the book The Long Tail by Chris Anderson was published. The long tail theory calls for applying a low-budget strategy—producing a (relatively) large number of products with (relatively) low investment levels. However, some other cultural industries may tell a different story. The concentration of the most popular titles in the video game industry is growing, a phenomenon known as the blockbuster phenomenon. This phenomenon suggests that firms may adopt a high-budget strategy—producing a (relatively) small number of products with (relatively) high investment levels. In “Market Entry and Competition Under Network Effects,” Y. Feng and M. Hu analytically study the impact of a network effect on entry decisions and investment strategies (i.e., the high-budget versus low-budget strategies) adopted by competing firms based on which they further provide a theory that links the ex post sales volume concentration with the ex ante product variety in a market under network effects.

An Analysis on the Development of Online Art Sales Industry and the Sustained Competitive Advantages of its Players Based on Porter’s Five Forces Model

The rapid growth of online art sales post-2010 necessitates an examination of industry trends and competitive dynamics. This study investigates the current competitive structure, highlighting the need for online art platforms to cultivate trust and innovate technologically to thrive in a crowded market. Adopting a mixed methodology combining The Platform Economy and Long Tail Theory, the research identifies strengths and weaknesses, revealing parallels with e-commerce retail. Industry analysis, employing Porter’s Five Forces Model, uncovers competition intensity, while a case study on artnet utilizes the VRIO Model to assess sustainable advantages. Traffic metrics and qualitative insights from an interview with a platform representative supplement quantitative data, informing recommendations for enhancing market efficiency and adaptability. Data was sourced from websites and a questionnaire-based email interview.

Origin of Black Color in Heavily Doped n‐Type GaN Crystal

In semiconductor materials, doping is used mainly for controlling the electrical properties. There have been attempts to grow low‐resistivity n‐type gallium nitride (GaN) crystals by doping oxygen, germanium, and silicon, because a low‐resistivity GaN substrate is required to reduce the power losses of optical and electrical devices. However, in those efforts, the crystal color turns black with the increase in the concentration of the n‐type additives, even though they are shallow donors. Herein, it is explained why heavily doped n‐type GaN crystals exhibit low transparency. From optical absorption profiles, the appearance of a band tail from the band edge to 1.5 eV is observed. Considering the band tail theory and our observations, it is concluded that Ga vacancy or Ga vacancy complexes behaving as acceptors induce the band tail and the black color. It is proposed that neutralizing the high charge of defects ensures that low‐colored GaN crystals with low resistivity can be obtained. Moreover, the fabrication of low‐resistivity wafers sliced from a large crystal with a laser produces inexpensive wafers and allows the spread of high‐efficiency GaN devices fabricated on low‐resistivity substrates for saving electric power.

Analysis of Motivational Theories in Crowdsourcing Using Long Tail Theory: A Systematic Literature Review

Analysis of Motivational Theories in Crowdsourcing Using Long Tail Theory: A Systematic Literature Review

Research on the Impact of Digital Finance on Household Financial Asset Allocation

With the continuous progress of science and technology and the popularization of the Internet, digital finance has gradually become an important development direction of the financial industry, and the development of digital finance has a profound impact on household financial asset allocation behavior. This paper reviews the research results related to digital finance and household financial asset allocation, discusses the possible direct and indirect impacts of the development of digital finance on household financial asset allocation by combining asset portfolio theory, market friction theory and long tail theory, and proposes the possible intermediary effects of financial availability, financial literacy and entrepreneurial willingness through mechanism analysis. Based on the above discussion, this paper puts forward relevant suggestions: (1) improve the penetration rate of digital finance, and increase the promotion of digital finance for remote areas and low-income groups; (2) Strengthen financial education to enhance families' awareness and digital financial literacy of digital finance. (3) Optimize digital financial products to meet the diverse needs of users. (4) Strengthen government supervision, improve digital finance related laws and regulations, and ensure the healthy and sustainable development of digital finance.

EVALUATING THE BUSINESS MODEL INNOVATION OF SMALL SNACK FOOD PRODUCTION ENTERPRISES IN CHINA BASED ON THE VARIM MODEL

This paper examines the business model innovation situation, evaluation, and key factors of small snack food production enterprises in China and provides suggestions for enterprises. A questionnaire designed using the VARIM model evaluates business model innovation based on five aspects, combined with the influential role of relational resources, digital technology, and long tail theory. It is hypothesized that relational resources, digital technology, and long tail theory have a positive impact on business model innovation, and that the VARIM model assesses profitability potential. It is hypothesized that firms should utilize these factors for business model innovation to improve competitiveness and sustainability. The findings and conclusions of this paper are based on assumptions and speculations, which need to be verified and corrected by subsequent practical investigations.

Content management at kapanlagi.com: a study of Indonesian digital media

The research aims to explore content management within the digital media landscape of Indonesia, with a specific focus on the strategies employed by Kapanlagi Youniverse (KLY), a renowned digital media platform. Technology is viewed as the paramount factor in implementing communication technology, encompassing the rise of digital media as a transformative force. Employing a descriptive qualitative methodology, this study conducted interviews with eight members of the management team. The findings reveal that KLY utilises three primary strategies: lifestyle entertainment, general news, and sports, which diversify information for readers without limiting the number of operated sites. These findings align with the Long Tail Theory of new media business models, suggesting that expanding reach to previously untapped audiences can lead to success. Effective exploration of the long-tail market requires organisations to address consumer needs at minimal cost. This study presents two key propositions: mergers and acquisitions impact organisational structure and media content, and these changes can be enhanced by applying long tail theory principles.

A Study on the Sustainable Development of Hip Hop Music Culture in China’s Localization in the New Media Era: Based on the Long Tail Theory

Hip-hop music originated in Brooklyn in the United States, and was introduced to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan in the 1980s. Subsequently, with the development of the Internet and China’s acceptance of foreign culture, hip-hop music culture gradually spread to the mainland. In this paper, the sustainable development of hip-hop culture in China was studied by using the perspective of the long tail theory. It is pointed out that the 21st century is the fastest time for the spread of rap in China, but at the same time, a series of problems have also been generated. The young age of hip-hop listeners brings challenges to its development space, and Chinese hip-hop music has not formed a unique local cultural characteristic, which leads to the success of localization of hip-hop music culture in China. The following policy suggestions are put forward: to introduce more typical representatives of rappers in the corresponding age group, so as to improve the understanding, awareness and participation of different age groups of listeners in hip-hop music culture. Reduce the imitation of foreign rap, add Chinese cultural elements, innovate the lyric content, and endow hiphop music with Chinese localization characteristics.

Multichannel customer purchase behavior and long tail effects in the fashion goods market

The fast-paced growth of e-commerce is impacting the type and variety of products consumers purchase across channels. A commonly held theory, known as long tail theory, posits that online sales are less concentrated at the top of the sales distribution than offline sales, and that more variety is bought online, making the tails of the overall sales distribution denser with the growth of e-commerce. Most of the literature testing the long tail theory has focused on examining entertainment goods markets that do not require much physical examination, and has predominantly found results consistent with the theory. However, the magnitude and antecedents of the observed long tail effects might be different for product categories containing products that require more physical examination before purchase, such as fashion goods. In this study, using detailed individual and transaction level panel data from two multichannel fashion goods retail brands, we show that while the shift to the online channel results in a decrease in the concentration of overall sales for both brands, this change mostly results from consumers buying different products online rather than consumers buying a greater variety online compared to offline. We show that the flattening of the overall sales distribution with the growth of e-commerce in our data is driven by consumers sorting their purchases into channels based on product characteristics. In contrast to the recommendations from the previous long tail literature, our results show that fashion apparel retailers do not need to offer broader assortments online compared to offline, but they may find it profitable to carry or emphasize a different product mix online compared to offline. Our results also provide guidance to fashion goods retailers in curating their online and offline assortments and setting inventory management strategies across the channels.

Copyright protection of original online music products based on applied statistical mathematics – take music trade network as an example

Abstract With globalization and the rapid evolution of internet, the channels of music communication have become diversified. The communication speed of online music has become faster, and the music-related information is enriched on the internet. However, these positive effects on music communication also increase the complexity of music copyright issues. In face of the great challenges on music copyright issues, this paper takes the online original music works trading platform, namely music trading network as the research object, and uses some mathematical methods, such as statistical theory, power function law and long tail theory, to discuss the copyright protection of the music trading network. Our motivation is to find a way to protect the copyright of original music product so as to stimulate the enthusiasm of musicians, as well as to help find a way to create a healthy original music ecosystem.

Cross-Border E-Commerce Intelligent Information Recommendation System Based on Deep Learning.

In order to improve the effect of cross-border e-commerce intelligent information recommendation, this paper applies deep learning to the intelligent information processing and intelligent recommendation of e-commerce and proposes an improved version of the topic model to solve the problem of feature extraction of the text of the recommendation system. In order to deal with translation problems, this paper proposes an end-to-end sequence-to-sequence learning method. In addition, this study uses the long tail theory to excavate the mass commodities in the niche and recommends these products to users as suggestions. Finally, this paper proposes a niche product recommendation algorithm based on the graph search strategy based on the graph model. The experiment shows that the cross-border e-commerce intelligent information recommendation system based on deep learning proposed in this paper has a good recommendation effect and meets the recommendation needs of cross-border e-commerce.

Revolução Colaborativa

The Communication technologies spectacular advance in the last decade has led to the emergence of a whole new movement of social media based on a philosophy of collaborative and horizontal work. The sharing economy represents the world consumer revolution. The digital push that has happened since the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin-American countries has rethought the way in which business are done and have fully digital administrative processes. This article is a journey through the concepts of the platform economy, the digital economy, the collaborative economy and the Long Tail Theory applied to the creative industries and the film industry.

Tail or no Tail? Applicability of the Long Tail Theory to the German Online Media Market

The Long Tail theory serves as an explanation for market change triggered through evolving online market conditions. However, it is often referred to without empirical validation, or with inconsistent findings on its applicability. Therefore, this paper analyses the applicability of the Long Tail theory to German online media offerings as of 2014 and 2016, focusing on offerings that serve information purposes (information offerings). Based on a unique dataset of commercially oriented online media offerings (Longitudinal IntermediaPlus 2014–2016), an analysis for three Long Tail characteristics (variety increase, opposing concentration between hit and niche offerings and niche market share increase) is conducted. By additionally distinguishing between political and entertainment-oriented information offerings as boundaries of democratized online market conditions the analysis reveals that the Long Tail theory is not fully applicable to any market sample, and especially not to politically oriented offerings.

Opportunity, Myth and Way: Research on E-commerce Live Women's Brand Communication Strategy Under the Long Tail Theory

Research background: E-commerce Live broadcasting brings the most direct and convenient sales channel for women's clothing brands, greatly reduces the sales cost of businesses, and meets the prerequisite of The Long Tail Theory. Based on this, women's clothing brands communication strength rapidly improved, and the unpopular brands also got the opportunity to get out of the circle. Objective: From the perspective of The Long Tail Theory, this paper analyzed the long tail characteristics of women's clothing brands in e-commerce live broadcasting, analyzes the difficulties of women's clothing brand in e-commerce live broadcasting, and puts forward strategies to improve brand communication efficiency. Methods: This paper mainly used Participant Observation, virtual ethnography and case analysis methods to track more than 50 women's clothing live rooms on Taobao platform for more than 2 years, mainly observed the marketing methods, communication strategies and communication effects of major women's clothing brands. And participated in the purchase process of women's clothing brands, understood how women's clothing brands in e-commerce live broadcasting made the whole process from immersion sales to express logistics after-sales service. Results and conclusion: In this study, it was found that the women's clothing brands of e-commerce live broadcasting room meet The Long Tail effect and has the characteristics of long tail supply, long tail communication and long tail sales. But at the same time, there are also some problems in the transmission of women's clothing brands, so this paper puts forward the ways of women's clothing brands communication under The Long Tail theory.

Recommended System for Enhancing Tag Popularity in a Question Answering Community through Splay-net Techniques

Collaborative filtering filters information by using the recommendations of peer participants. The long tail problem states users with higher points obtain a high reputation compared to less scored users. In popular community question answering websites, like stack exchange network sites, users with unanswered or ignored questions for a long time get a tumbleweed badge without considering their past history. This deteriorates their further contribution to the website. Mostly new or low-reputation people ask the tumbleweed questions. The popularity of the tags follows a long tail theory. The focus of this research work is to design a recommendation system that prevents participants from tumbleweed badge with tag suggestion method to add new or non-popular tags to the existing popular tag list. The splay-net has a self-balancing graph which brings the recently accessed item to the top of the tree. In this paper, we use the splay-net technique to represent users’ reputation along with their tags.

WITHDRAWN: College students' network entrepreneurship model based on FPGA and machine learning

Abstract The successful college student entrepreneurs based on the learning of entrepreneurs will promote education for sustainable development. Such human capital theory, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and some of the theoretical points of view, such as the self-determination theory, provide sufficient knowledge and skills and motivation to develop their entrepreneurial career to believe in the intention of the student entrepreneur's education. The network business is a new economic model. Its emergence and development are based on the rapid development of information technology and network. With the improvement of people's ability to operate and continuously improve the network infrastructure resources, machine learning Internet businesses are becoming more and more A Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA); FPGA based college students have a broader perspective. Investigation and statistical analysis of college students' awareness and behavior are based on Internet businesses' feasibility. The results show that students' attitudes and behavior are totally different from the other groups. Therefore, enterprises should seriously consider the University of Tourists’ Characteristics, the long tail theory, and the theory of cloud procurement motion commands, the machine learning network business FPGA, to meet students' individual needs. At the same time, it promotes Internet businesses FPGA through their various acts of healthy development.

The evolving role of hit and niche products in brick-and-mortar retail category assortment planning: A large-scale empirical investigation of U.S. consumer packaged goods

Long tail theory, the notion that the future of retailing could involve shifting product assortments to offer more product variety to precisely serve the unique needs of individual customers, has largely been proven true in the context of online distribution. However, it has been implicitly assumed that this theory does not apply to brick-and-mortar selling situations due to higher supply side inventory costs and higher demand side consumer search costs. Academics and practitioners alike have thus advocated for the use of Pareto rules to make category assortment planning decisions about product inventory breadth and depth in the brick-and-mortar channel. This research directly challenges this received wisdom by noting that the widespread prevalence and use of mobile technology is causing information flows to speed up for consumers even while performing traditional shopping tasks. Such information flows should theoretically favor the strategic importance of niche products in the long tail of the sales distribution. A large-scale empirical analysis of consumer packaged goods brick-and-mortar retailing data indicates that this alternative prediction is indeed true. This research contributes to a larger body of research as well that has documented how major environmental forces are shifting the nature of retail strategy, particularly in the brick-and-mortar channel.

Green Collaborative Development Model and Innovation of Port Machinery Manufacturing Industry and Service Industry

Nie, X., 2020. Green collaborative development model and innovation of port machinery manufacturing industry and service industry. In: Yang, Y.; Mi, C.; Zhao, L., and Lam, S. (eds.), Global Topics and New Trends in Coastal Research: Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 103, pp. 278–283. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.The existing green collaborative development mode and innovative research method are easily interfered by subjective randomness when calculating the green collaborative coefficient, resulting in the final moderate measurement value is too small. To solve this problem, a green collaborative development mode and innovative research method of port machinery manufacturing industry and service industry are proposed. The two industry development model is determined, and the long tail theory is used to plan the collaborative development industry chain, and the collaborative innovation value is calculated. By using the weight of green synergy coefficient modified by entropy method, the innovative research on the green synergy development mode of port machinery manufacturing industry and service industry is completed. The experimental results show that the appropriate measurement value of the research method in this paper is greater than 0.9, and the value is significantly greater than that of the two traditional research methods.