Tagging Efficiency Research Articles

Evaluation of a European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) post-larval tagging method with ultra-small RFID tags

Individual tagging is key to a better understanding of early life stages in fish. Very small RFID transponder microchips (500 × 500 × 100 μm, 82 μg) are now available. The aim of this study was to develop a protocol to tag European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) larvae from 61 days post-hatching (dph; standard length ~10 mm) to 96 dph (standard length ~28 mm) through intra-coelomic implantation of microchips. The suitability of such a tagging procedure was evaluated, with the purpose of determining the minimal fish age and body size for microchip tagging without adverse effects on survival and growth performance.We produced an experimental population composed by 50:50 normally pigmented larvae and albino larvae through artificial fertilization. Five tagging trials were performed over 35 days, in fish aged 61, 75, 83, 89 and 96 dph. Each time, 50 normally pigmented fish were tagged, while 50 albino fish were used as controls. Mortality was recorded daily, while biometric measurements were performed at 75, 83, 89, 96, 103 and 110 dph via image analysis.Microchip tagging was possible in larvae from an age of 75 dph (standard length ~20 mm), with satisfactory performance in terms of survival rate (between 84 and 98% 24 h after tagging) and growth rate, and without significant differences in comparison with the untagged controls. In contrast, tagging before 75 dph is not to be recommended, as the age group 61 dph was the most affected in terms of survival (only 62% of fish survived 24 h after tagging) and growth rate, showing significant differences compared to the untagged controls. The overall microchip reading success rate for the age groups throughout the experiment was 51.4%, the overall reading success rate at each biometric measurement was 48.2%, probably due to the change in orientation of the microchip inside the fish body cavity.The tagging protocol developed was then overall successful, albeit with a moderate reading success. Precocious tagging could allow the collection of new types of data (individual, longitudinal) related to larval development, behavioral studies, physiological and immunological investigations. Future tests could focus on the effects of tagging on baseline locomotion and behavior, as well as the suitability and the efficiency of intramuscular microchip tagging on larger fish.

Harmonic RFID Communication Using Conventional UHF System

In this paper, a harmonic radio frequency identification (hRFID) system is proposed to overcome the challenges that limits the capabilities of a conventional UHF radio frequency identification (RFID) system, such as self-jamming and multi-path interference without any extensive modifications to the existing infrastructure. The proposed system exploits the third harmonic generation from the existing RFID chips for communication. The system is realized by designing an additional RF interface layer between the conventional RFID interrogator and an RFID tag. The interface layer transmits the query signal at the fundamental frequency and receives the backscattered harmonic signal from an RFID tag. It down converts the backscattered third harmonic signal to the fundamental frequency, and feeds it back to the conventional UHF interrogator for extracting the information. A dual band antenna design is also shown for improving the radiation efficiency of hRFID tags using a conventional RFID ICs with improved signal to noise ratio (SNR) and increased read range. A path is shown for improving an hRFID system by performing a study that relates the read range, RFID IC’s sensitivity, and the noise level with efficiency. The proposed system can be easily adapted to any of the current RFID applications.

Identification of boosted Higgs bosons decaying into b-quark pairs with the ATLAS detector at 13\xa0text {TeV}

This paper describes a study of techniques for identifying Higgs bosons at high transverse momenta decaying into bottom-quark pairs, H rightarrow bbar{b}, for proton–proton collision data collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy sqrt{s}=13 text {TeV}. These decays are reconstructed from calorimeter jets found with the anti-k_{t}R = 1.0 jet algorithm. To tag Higgs bosons, a combination of requirements is used: b-tagging of R = 0.2 track-jets matched to the large-R calorimeter jet, and requirements on the jet mass and other jet substructure variables. The Higgs boson tagging efficiency and corresponding multijet and hadronic top-quark background rejections are evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation. Several benchmark tagging selections are defined for different signal efficiency targets. The modelling of the relevant input distributions used to tag Higgs bosons is studied in 36 fb^{-1} of data collected in 2015 and 2016 using grightarrow bbar{b} and Z(rightarrow bbar{b})gamma event selections in data. Both processes are found to be well modelled within the statistical and systematic uncertainties.

Data Aggregation Framework on Wireless Sensor Networks

Sensors are subjectively spread in the flighty conditions. Sensor nodes are self-sufficient, mindful and self-configurable objects for data accumulation and transmission. Sensor nodes are battery-worked devices. The battery reinforcement time depends on the computational capacity and their detecting range. Joint effort is fundamental one where the nodes deal with the data stream in network in vitality productive way. Sensors in WSN are composed to detect the data. The sensors are fit for calculations and contain wireless correspondence parts. Nodes consolidate the data gathered from each sensor hub in network. The gathered data are sent to the base station where it gives helpful data. The objective of the suggested paper is to contrast the efficiency of TAG in regards to power performance in contrast with and also without information gathering in wireless sensor networks as well as to evaluate the viability of the protocol in an atmosphere where sources are restricted.

Data Aggregation Framework on Wireless Sensor Networks

Sensors are subjectively spread in the flighty conditions. Sensor nodes are self-sufficient, mindful and self-configurable objects for data accumulation and transmission. Sensor nodes are battery-worked devices. The battery reinforcement time depends on the computational capacity and their detecting range. Joint effort is fundamental one where the nodes deal with the data stream in network in vitality productive way. Sensors in WSN are composed to detect the data. The sensors are fit for calculations and contain wireless correspondence parts. Nodes consolidate the data gathered from each sensor hub in network. The gathered data are sent to the base station where it gives helpful data. The objective of the suggested paper is to contrast the efficiency of TAG in regards to power performance in contrast with and also without information gathering in wireless sensor networks as well as to evaluate the viability of the protocol in an atmosphere where sources are restricted.

Isobaric Multiplex Labeling Reagents for Carbonyl-Containing Compound (SUGAR) Tags: A Probe for Quantitative Glycomic Analysis.

Glycans are highly complex entities with multiple building units and different degrees of branched polymerization. Intensive research efforts have been directed to mass spectrometry (MS)-based qualitative and quantitative glycomic analysis due to the important functions of glycans. Among various strategies, isobaric labeling has become popular because of its higher multiplexing capacity. Over the past few years, several isobaric chemical tags have been developed for quantitative glycomics. However, caveats also exist for these tags, such as relatively low reporter ion yield for aminoxyTMT-labeled complex glycans. To overcome the limitations of existing isobaric chemical tags, we designed a class of novel isobaric multiplex reagents for carbonyl-containing compound (SUGAR) tags that can be used to label glycans for quantitative glycomic analysis. The quantitative performance including labeling efficiency, quantification accuracy, and dynamic range of these SUGAR tags has been evaluated, showing promising results. Finally, the 4-plex SUGAR tags have been utilized to investigate N-glycan changes of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) pediatric patients before and after chemotherapy.

Faces are Protected as Privacy: An Automatic Tagging Framework Against Unpermitted Photo Sharing in Social Media

On social platforms like Facebook, it is popular and pleasurable to share photos among friends, but it also puts other participants in the same picture in jeopardy when the photos are released online without the permission from them. To solve this problem, recently, the researchers have designed some fine-grained access control mechanisms for photos shared on the social platform. The uploader will tag each participant in the photo, then they will receive internal messages and configure their own privacy control strategies. These methods protect their privacy in photos by blurring out the faces of participants. However, there is still some defect in these strategies due to the unpredictable tagging behaviors of the uploader. Malicious users can easily manipulate unauthorized tagging processes and then publish the photos, which the participants want them to be confidential in social media. To address this critical problem, we propose a participant-free tagging system for photos on social platforms. This system excludes potential adversaries through automatic tagging processes over two cascading stages: 1) an initialization stage will be applied to every new user to collect his/her own portrait samples for future internal searching and tagging, and; 2) the remaining unidentified participants will be tagged in cooperative tagging stage by the users who have been identified in the first stage. For the system evaluation of efficiency and effectiveness, we conducted a series of experiments. The results demonstrated the tagging efficiency (96% tagging rate and 0.77s/photo tagging speed on average), photo masking and unmasking efficiency (0.13s/face on average), and the privacy preserving performance (over 90% identities in both group and individual photo are preserved).

Recent results and future prospects of Super-Kamiokande

Abstract Super-Kamiokande (SK) is a water Cherenkov detector located 1000 m underground in Kamioka Observatory , ICRR, University of Tokyo in Japan. It consists of a cylindrical stainless steel tank, 50,000 ton of purified water, and 11,000 of 20-inch PMTs. The fiducial volume of the SK detector is 22.5 kton. The experiment was started in April 1996, and currently phase IV (SK-IV) is running. SK has been the world largest water Cherenkov detector with purified water in underground since 1996. SK has a variety of measurement or physics targets, namely, solar neutrinos , atmospheric neutrinos , supernova neutrinos, neutrinos produced by the accelerator in J-PARC (as T2K experiment), and search for nucleon decay. In near future, we are going to move to the next phase, that is SK-Gd. In the SK-Gd phase, we are planning to add 0.1% of gadolinium to the current SK detector in order to enhance neutron tagging efficiency, and then try to achieve the first observation of supernova relic neutrinos (SRN) (or diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB)). The initial work in this upgrade project was started in June 2018. This paper reports a brief summary of the SK experiment, recent solar neutrino results, and recent atmospheric neutrino results. As a future plan, the purpose of SK-Gd and status of the upgrade work are reported.

Pulling out all the tops with computer vision and deep learning

We apply computer vision with deep learning — in the form of a convolutional neural network (CNN) — to build a highly effective boosted top tagger. Previous work (the “DeepTop” tagger of Kasieczka et al) has shown that a CNN-based top tagger can achieve comparable performance to state-of-the-art conventional top taggers based on high-level inputs. Here, we introduce a number of improvements to the DeepTop tagger, including architecture, training, image preprocessing, sample size and color pixels. Our final CNN top tagger outperforms BDTs based on high-level inputs by a factor of ∼ 2-3 or more in background rejection, over a wide range of tagging efficiencies and fiducial jet selections. As reference points, we achieve a QCD background rejection factor of 500 (60) at 50% top tagging efficiency for fully-merged (non-merged) top jets with pT in the 800-900 GeV (350-450 GeV) range. Our CNN can also be straightforwardly extended to the classification of other types of jets, and the lessons learned here may be useful to others designing their own deep NNs for LHC applications.

Measurements of b-jet tagging efficiency with the ATLAS detector using toverline{t} events at sqrt{s}=13 TeV

The efficiency to identify jets containing b-hadrons (b-jets) is measured using a high purity sample of dileptonic top quark-antiquark pairs ( toverline{t} ) selected from the 36.1 fb−1 of data collected by the ATLAS detector in 2015 and 2016 from proton-proton collisions produced by the Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy sqrt{s}=13 TeV. Two methods are used to extract the efficiency from toverline{t} events, a combinatorial likelihood approach and a tag-and-probe method. A boosted decision tree, not using b-tagging information, is used to select events in which two b-jets are present, which reduces the dominant uncertainty in the modelling of the flavour of the jets. The efficiency is extracted for jets in a transverse momentum range from 20 to 300 GeV, with data-to-simulation scale factors calculated by comparing the efficiency measured using collision data to that predicted by the simulation. The two methods give compatible results, and achieve a similar level of precision, measuring data-to-simulation scale factors close to unity with uncertainties ranging from 2% to 12% depending on the jet transverse momentum.

Antiproton tagging and vertex fitting in a Timepix3 detector

Studies of antimatter are important for understanding our universe at a fundamental level. There are still unsolved problems, such as the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe. The AEgIS experiment at CERN aims at measuring the gravitational fall of antihydrogen in order to determine the gravitational force on antimatter. The proposed method will make use of a position-sensitive detector to measure the annihilation point of antihydrogen. Such a detector must be able to tag the antiproton, measure its time of arrival and reconstruct its annihilation point with high precision in the vertical direction. This work explores a new method for tagging antiprotons and reconstructing their annihilation point. Antiprotons from the Antiproton Decelerator at CERN were used to obtain data on direct annihilations on the surface of a silicon pixel sensor with Timepix3 readout. These data were used to develop and verify a detector response model for annihilation of antiprotons in this detector. Using this model and the antiproton data it is shown that a tagging efficiency of 50± 10% and a vertical position resolution of 22 ± 0.5 μm can be obtained.

Development of Neutron Tagging Algorithm for Hyper-Kamiokande with Pure Water

Neutron tagging algorithm is under development for Hyper-Kamiokande. The algorithm aims to distinguish neutron capture events from the background due to random coincidence of dark noise hits. The tagging efficiency of neutron capture events and the misidentification of the background are evaluated in the detectors with different dark rates. In this baseline design with 8.4 kHz dark rate, the tagging efficiency is found to be 54% (49%) with 10% contamination of dark noise background if the true (reconstructed) vertex position is used, while the efficiency reaches 71% if the dark rate is suppressed to 3.0 kHz.

Identification and rejection of pile-up jets at high pseudorapidity with the ATLAS detector

The rejection of forward jets originating from additional proton–proton interactions (pile-up) is crucial for a variety of physics analyses at the LHC, including Standard Model measurements and searches for physics beyond the Standard Model. The identification of such jets is challenging due to the lack of track and vertex information in the pseudorapidity range |eta |>2.5. This paper presents a novel strategy for forward pile-up jet tagging that exploits jet shapes and topological jet correlations in pile-up interactions. Measurements of the per-jet tagging efficiency are presented using a data set of 3.2 fb^{-1} of proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 ,text {TeV} collected with the ATLAS detector. The fraction of pile-up jets rejected in the range 2.5<|eta |<4.5 is estimated in simulated events with an average of 22 interactions per bunch-crossing. It increases with jet transverse momentum and, for jets with transverse momentum between 20 and 50 GeV, it ranges between 49% and 67% with an efficiency of 85% for selecting hard-scatter jets. A case study is performed in Higgs boson production via the vector-boson fusion process, showing that these techniques mitigate the background growth due to additional proton–proton interactions, thus enhancing the reach for such signatures.

Calibration of the KEDR detector Tagging System with two-photon lepton pair production

The tagging system of the KEDR detector for the two-photon studies is briefly described. The procedure of the energy calibration of the system is considered. Two-photon events e+e− → e+e− +μ+μ− selected with the central detector were employed to check the energy calibration and to measure the tagging efficiencies. The results obtained demonstrate that the achieved accuracy of the energy calibration is about 1%. To improve the accuracy to the level of 0.3% the upgrade of the calibration system is ongoing. The tagging efficiencies obtained with the simulation agree with the measured one within the error of the measurement.

Performance of a prototype active veto system using liquid scintillator for a dark matter search experiment

We report the performance of an active veto system using a liquid scintillator with NaI(Tl) crystals for use in a dark matter search experiment. When a NaI(Tl) crystal is immersed in the prototype detector, the detector tags 48% of the internal 40K background in the 0–10keV energy region. We also determined the tagging efficiency for events at 6–20keV as 26.5±1.7% of the total events, which corresponds to 0.76±0.04 events/keV/kg/day. According to a simulation, approximately 60% of the background events from U, Th, and K radioisotopes in photomultiplier tubes are tagged at energies of 0–10keV. Full shielding with a 40-cm-thick liquid scintillator can increase the tagging efficiency for both the internal 40K and external background to approximately 80%.

User Guide for the LORE1 Insertion Mutant Resource.

Lotus japonicus is a model legume used in the study of plant-microbe interactions, especially in the field of biological nitrogen fixation due to its ability to enter into a symbiotic relationship with a soil bacterium, Mesorhizobium loti. The LORE1 mutant population is a valuable resource for reverse genetics in L. japonicus due to its non-transgenic nature, high tagging efficiency, and low copy count. Here, we outline a workflow for identifying, ordering, and establishing homozygous LORE1 mutant lines for a gene of interest, LjFls2, including protocols for growth and genotyping of a segregating LORE1 population.

Passive RFID Sensor Tag Concept and Prototype Exploiting a Full Control of Amplitude and Phase of the Tag Signal

This paper presents a passive radio-frequency identification (RFID) sensor transponder (tag) concept that uses the antenna as the sensing device and exploits a full control of amplitude and phase of the tag signal by optimizing the tag antenna impedances in the different sensing states. This optimization is based on a sensor tag efficiency that evaluates the quality of the tag signal in terms of its amplitude for a reliable power transfer toward the passive tag chip and in terms of its phase for a transmission of the sensing states toward the RFID reader. An antenna transducer prototype for an RFID sensor tag is presented that verifies the concept by detecting three different water filling levels. The prototype achieves a high sensor tag efficiency of 92% at 915 MHz. A reliable power transfer to the passive tag chip is ensured by constant power transmission coefficients of about 90% in all three sensing states. In addition, the phase modulation quality is high and thus shows a high robustness for the detection of the sensing states at the reader. Furthermore, reasonably high tag modulation efficiencies are achieved with a minimum of 11% that ensure a reliable tag ID transmission in each sensing state.

Novel Hydrophobin Fusion Tags for Plant-Produced Fusion Proteins.

Hydrophobin fusion technology has been applied in the expression of several recombinant proteins in plants. Until now, the technology has relied exclusively on the Trichoderma reesei hydrophobin HFBI. We screened eight novel hydrophobin tags, T. reesei HFBII, HFBIII, HFBIV, HFBV, HFBVI and Fusarium verticillioides derived HYD3, HYD4 and HYD5, for production of fusion proteins in plants and purification by two-phase separation. To study the properties of the hydrophobins, we used N-terminal and C-terminal GFP as a fusion partner. Transient expression of the hydrophobin fusions in Nicotiana benthamiana revealed large variability in accumulation levels, which was also reflected in formation of protein bodies. In two-phase separations, only HFBII and HFBIV were able to concentrate GFP into the surfactant phase from a plant extract. The separation efficiency of both tags was comparable to HFBI. When the accumulation was tested side by side, HFBII-GFP gave a better yield than HFBI-GFP, while the yield of HFBIV-GFP remained lower. Thus we present here two alternatives for HFBI as functional fusion tags for plant-based protein production and first step purification.

Lack of Genotype and Phenotype Correlation in a Rice T-DNA Tagged Line Is Likely Caused by Introgression in the Seed Source.

Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the most important crops in the world. Several rice insertional mutant libraries are publicly available for systematic analysis of gene functions. However, the tagging efficiency of these mutant resources–the relationship between genotype and phenotype–is very low. We used whole-genome sequencing to analyze a T-DNA–tagged transformant from the Taiwan Rice Insertional Mutants (TRIM) resource. The phenomics records for M0028590, one of the TRIM lines, revealed three phenotypes–wild type, large grains, and tillering dwarf–in the 12 T1 plants. Using the sequencing data for 7 plants from three generations of this specific line, we demonstrate that introgression from an indica rice variety might occur in one generation before the seed was used for callus generation and transformation of this line. In addition, the large-grain trait came from the GS3 gene of the introgressed region and the tillering dwarf phenotype came from a single nucleotide change in the D17 gene that occurred during the callus induction to regeneration of the transformant. As well, another regenerant showed completely heterozygous single-nucleotide polymorphisms across the whole genome. In addition to the known sequence changes such as T-DNA integration, single nucleotide polymorphism, insertion, deletion, chromosome rearrangement and doubling, spontaneous outcrossing occurred in the rice field may also explain some mutated traits in a tagged mutant population. Thus, the co-segregation of an integration event and the phenotype should be checked when using these mutant populations.

Simultaneous detection of assembly and disassembly of multivalent HA tag and anti-HA antibody in single in-capillary assay.

Herein, we have developed an in-capillary assay for simultaneous detection of the assembly and disassembly of the multivalent HA tag peptide and antibody. HA tag with hexahistidine at C terminus (YPYDVPDYAG4 H6 , termed YPYDH6 ) was conjugated with quantum dots (QDs) by metal-affinity force to form a multivalent HA tag (QD-YPYDH6 ). QD-YPYDH6 and monoclonal anti-HA antibody (anti-HA) were sequentially injected into the capillary. They were mixed and assembled inside the capillary. The reaction products were online discriminated and detected by fluorescence coupled capillary electrophoresis (CE-FL). For the in-capillary assay, the binding efficiency of the multivalent HA tag and antibody on was influenced by the molar ratio and injection time. Such novel assay could even give out the self-assembly kinetic constant of QDs and YPYDH6 as KD of 34.1 μM with n (binding cooperativeness) of 2.2 by Hill equation. More importantly, the simultaneous detection of the assembly and imidazole (Im) induced disassembly of the QD-YPYDH6 -anti-HA complex was achieved in a single in-capillary assay. Our study demonstrated a new method for the online detection of antigen-antibody interactions.