Tactical Knowledge Research Articles

Comparative Analysis of the Physical, Tactical, Emotional, and Mood Characteristics of Under-13 Soccer Players by Performance Level

Background and Objectives: Soccer is a sport characterized by various unpredictable situations in which physical abilities are associated with athletic performance. There are several capabilities that young soccer players must develop to adapt to the needs of the competition. This study analyzes the physical characteristics, tactical knowledge, emotional intelligence, and mood states of youth soccer players at different competitive levels. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 36 male soccer players with an average age of 12.65 ± 0.48 years, weight of 44.92 ± 7.49 kg, and height of 157.2 ± 0.08 cm. A cross-sectional correlational study design was selected. Inferential analysis was conducted via the RV coefficient to assess relationships between groups. Two-sample tests (Student’s t test or the Mann–Whitney U test) were used to assess the distribution of the samples. Standardized mean differences (i.e., Cohen’s d) were calculated as effect sizes. Results: For the yo-yo intermittent endurance test level 1, the Premier category showed higher speed (p = 0.01, d = 0.40) and superior estimated VO2max (p = 0.01, d = −0.91). The statistically significant variables included the hamstring strength exercise of the hamstrings for the angle of rupture (p = 0.04, d = −0.04, d = −0.72), the COD-Timer 5-0-5 for contact time—5-0-5 (ms) (p = 0.04, d = 0.69) and 10 m—5-0-5 (s) (p = 0.02, d = 0.79), tactical knowledge of in-game performance (p = 0.01, d = −1.19), support level (p = 0.01, d = −1.27), decision-making ability (p = 0.01, d = 0.59), melancholy (p = 0.01, d = 0.59), confusion (p = 0.01, d = 0.56), and emotional intelligence (p = 0.04, d = 0.77). The Premier category presented slightly higher averages than did category A. In the assessment of running-based anaerobic sprint test power (p < 0.05, d = 0.83) and mood states (p < 0.05, d = 0.59), players in category A presented higher results. Conclusions: The performance capacity of youth soccer players encompasses a multidimensional complexity that includes physical, tactical, emotional, and psychological aspects, which vary among players of the same age.

Research on the construction of campus football teaching content hierarchical system and flexible management

In response to the national requirements for the development of campus football and addressing the current imbalance in the development of campus football teaching in China, this study discusses the construction of a football teaching content hierarchical system and flexible management that aligns with China's national conditions. It also elaborates on management strategies for the implementation of categorized guidance, flexible management, and enhanced inspection and evaluation in football teaching. Based on the systematic principles of constructing a campus football teaching content hierarchical system, as well as the basic rules of football tactics and teaching practice, campus football teaching content is divided into three levels: primary, intermediate, and advanced, with ten proficiency levels. The content at each level includes corresponding basic theoretical knowledge of football, football techniques and tactics, mental health education, and physical development. When arranging the teaching content at each level, it is essential to fully consider the matching of football knowledge and tactics, and to organically integrate football knowledge, skills with physical training, and comprehensive quality education. The implementation of flexible management should be practical, proposing different requirements for football teaching in schools of different types and regions, implementing categorized guidance and management; it is necessary to strengthen institutional construction, and use inspection and evaluation as a driving force to promote the sustainable development of football teaching.

Strategic Excellence in Padel: Design and Validation of Key Tactical Principles

The purpose of this study was to design and validate a guide to strategic principles in padel (SPP), offering practical recommendations for both players and coaches. Once the first version of the guide was developed by six relevant researchers in padel, 11 padel experts (all with a federation title as coaches and with experience as a coach and player) conducted a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the guide. Aiken’s V coefficient and confidence intervals were used to calculate content validity, and Cronbach’s α coefficient to analyze reliability. The adequacy and wording of the 15 principles initially designed were evaluated. One principle was eliminated for obtaining values < 0.91 in Aiken’s V coefficient regarding adequacy. The wording of the remaining principles was modified according to the qualitative assessments of the experts. The reliability of the instrument was acceptable, (α = 0.90). This guide provides a foundational list of strategic principles for padel, offering practical recommendations for players and coaches. It could also serve as a useful resource for federations to incorporate into coach education programs, supporting the development of tactical knowledge in padel.

Analysis of Tactical Knowledge for Learning an Alternative Invasion Sport

The study of declarative and procedural knowledge in sport allows us to assess students’ tactical learning processes. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the level of declarative and procedural knowledge acquired by students according to the pedagogical model and gender, after the application of two intervention programs for an alternative invasion sport, “Rosquilla”. This study involved 136 students distributed into six groups of Primary Education (fifth and sixth year) and Secondary Education (first year). Each group in the same year participated in a different intervention program, one based on the Game-Centered Model and the other on a hybrid model of the Game-Centered Model and the Sports Education Model. A descriptive analysis was carried out to determine the characteristics of the participants. Subsequently, an independent samples Mann–Whitney U-test was applied to compare the level of knowledge between the models and genders in the pre- and post-test periods. A Linear Mixed Model was used to analyze the level of knowledge of students within each group and compare them according to methodology and gender. The results indicate that both programs generated improvements in declarative and procedural knowledge. Therefore, students learn equally regardless of the methodological perspective and gender.

Effects of Situated Game Teaching Through Set Plays on Badminton Tactical Knowledge, Technical Ability, and Game Performance Among Turkish Secondary School Students

Background: The Situated Game Teaching Through Set Plays (SGTSP) model, a newly proposed curricular model, extends the previous game-based approaches by adopting the Theory of Situated Learning as a framework to focus on the relational and situational nature of the changing relations of all game parameters in a specific momentary game scenario. However, as a new game-based model, SGTSP warrants further empirical research investigations to establish its effectiveness at advancing student learning such as skill acquisition and game competence. Purpose: To examine the effects of the SGTSP curricular model on secondary school students’ tactical knowledge, technical ability, and game performance in badminton when compared with a technique-focused approach during a 10-lesson unit. Methods: A completely randomized block design with a repeated measure was used to address the research purpose. A sample of 158 sixth graders from eight classes at two Turkish middle schools (67 girls and 89 boys; Mage = 12.62 ± 0.47) were assigned to either the SGTSP (n = 79 from four classes) or the technique-focused approach conditions (n = 79 from four classes) for the experiment. Assessments were conducted before and after the badminton instructional unit. The statistical models consisted of one of the four technical ability performances, components of game performance, or tactical knowledge as a dependent variable and eight independent variables: teacher, treatment, class nested within teacher and treatment, gender, skill levels, and three 2-way interactions between treatment, gender, and skill levels. A series of repeated-measure multivariate analyses of variance were conducted to analyze the data. Results: Participants in both groups improved tactical knowledge, forehand long serve, forehand clear, smash, and drop skills, and game performances from pre to post. Participants in the SGTSP condition showed significantly greater improvements (). Discussion and Conclusion: The findings of this study substantiated the positive effects of the SGTSP model on developing secondary school students’ badminton tactical knowledge, technical ability, and game performances in badminton compared with the traditional technique-focused approach.

Unit coordination knowledge enhanced autonomous decision-making approach of heterogeneous UAV formation

Enhancing Autonomous Decision-Making (ADM) for unmanned combat aerial vehicle formations in beyond-visual-range air combat is pivotal for future battlefields, whereas the predominant reinforcement learning technique for ADM has been proven to be inadequately fitting complex tactical Unit Coordination (UC), limiting the integrity of decision-making for formations. This study proposes a knowledge-enhanced ADM method, with a focus on UC, to elevate formation combat effectiveness. The main innovation is integrating data mining technique with tactical knowledge mining and integration. Foremost, based on Frequent Event Arrangement Mining (FEAM) theory, a cross-channel UC knowledge mining method is designed by introducing data flow, which is capable of capturing dynamic coordinative action sequences. Then, a dual-mode knowledge integration method is proposed by employing the Graph Attention Network (GAT) and attenuated structural similarity, bolstering the interplay between autonomous UC tactics fitting and knowledge injection. The experimental results demonstrate that the algorithm surpasses the existing methods, providing more strategic maneuver trajectories and a win rate of more than 90% in different scenarios. The method is promising to augment the autonomous operational capabilities of unmanned formations and drive the evolution of combat effectiveness.

Exploring the Relationship of Declarative Tactical Knowledge With Participation, Football Competence, and Potentiality in a Professional Club (Real Sociedad).

We compared the declarative tactical knowledge (DTK) of 196 male and female players (16.9 ± 2.4years) belonging to the academy of a Spanish professional football club with their participation (minutes played), football competence (coaching staff assessment), and future potential (technical direction prediction). The DTK had no correlation with the minutes played (%) by the participants during the 2021-22 season (r = -.162, p = .045). Student's t test for independent samples compared the football competence of the participants with high DTK (n = 74) and low DTK (n = 76), proving a small impact (p = .021, d = 0.39) in favor of the first group. Although the high-DTK group showed a better average of potentiality, the technical direction identified more potential players for the first team in the low-DTK group. In conclusion, no solid evidence was found to justify that participants with higher DTK in each team were those who played more minutes and showed greater football competence and potentiality.

BUILDING SHOWCASE PLATFORM

Abstract : Formal project management is not widespread in SMEs. Most of the office work and normal business activities are looked by the staff in an informal manner and in most cases without any project management training. This is not to say that their projects are not successful. Many SMEs handle projects well and are successful. This could be due to their tactical knowledge and the individuals involved rather than a conscious effort. But these companies could be falling short of their potential and may perform better if they follow a proper formal system of project management practices. Management, produces a degree of predictability, focuses on systems, relays on control, organizes and staffs, accepts the status quo and motivates people to comply with standards. This project aims to study the approach of small and informal construction firms towards construction management and the various techniques adopted by them and thereby suggest systems and methods in project management to improve their performance. A startup construction firm that did not have formal project management systems and techniques in place was identified and upon discussion with their owners and employees regarding their practices, they were willing to let us assist them in their projects by setting up a project management function there by analyzing their work. During the course of the study, significant improvements were observed in the system adopted by the firm in various aspects like quality control, project monitoring & tracking and safety. It can thus be concluded that introduction of project management techniques even though on a small but systematic way can help bring improvement in the performance of the firm and contribute to the organization’s growth in the long run. IndexTerms – Web-Based Application, Modern structure.

Uncovering the roles of complexity and expertise in memorizing tactical movements from videos with coach's pointing gestures and guided gaze

Background Improving the acquisition of complex tactical knowledge through video presentations has attracted considerable attention. Previous research has aimed to facilitate learning by structuring videos including pointing gestures and guided gaze. However, it is debatable whether these cues actually contribute to improved performance in the context of tactical learning for players with varying levels of expertise. Objectives The present study examined the moderating roles of content complexity and expertise level on recall scores, mental effort, and visual attention while watching videos involving coach's pointing gestures and guided gaze, as well as videos with no cues. Methods One hundred sixty novice and expert basketball learners were randomly divided into four groups: (i) simple content + no-cues, (ii) simple content + gesture/gaze, (iii) more complex content + no-cues, and (iv) more complex content + gesture/cues. They were instructed to learn the evolution of a tactical scene described by the coach, rate their mental effort invested during the learning phase, and reproduce the learned tactical scene. Results and conclusions The results showed that regardless of the complexity of the content, novices achieved better recall performance and higher visual attention in the gesture/gaze condition than in the no-cues condition. However, the results showed that experts benefited equally from both conditions when the content was simple, whereas they benefited more from the gesture/gaze condition when the content was more complex. The results showed that the effectiveness of videos involving pointing gestures and guided gaze depends on the content complexity and the expertise level.

Game-Based Learning in Modern Military Education: Digital Wargaming as a Tool for Tactical Training

Abstract This study examines the effectiveness of digital game-based scenarios and wargaming in developing tactical skills and decision-making abilities among military cadets. Utilizing the ARMA 3 game, three tactical scenarios—offensive, defensive, and stability and support operations—were tested. The study involved cadets from “Nicolae Bălcescu” Land Forces Academy (NBLFA) Sibiu, selected for their interest in gaming, familiarity with ARMA 3, and knowledge of military tactics. The results showed multiple advantages of using game-based scenarios in military training. The immersive environment provided by ARMA 3 enabled cadets to simulate realistic combat situations, enhancing their involvement and enthusiasm, leading to better knowledge absorption and skills development. Wargaming offered a safe learning environment, eliminating the risks of real exercises while allowing cadets to experience specific events and incidents. In the offensive mission, cadets faced challenges due to incomplete map analysis, highlighting the need to complement map analysis with real terrain reconnaissance. The defensive scenario underscored the importance of flexibility and adaptability of the combat forces’ disposition. In the stability and support scenario, cadets effectively managed civilian-military interactions, demonstrating the potential of digital games to develop broader competencies in multicultural communication and negotiation. The study concludes that digital game-based scenarios effectively prepare leaders for contemporary conflicts marked by conventional or hybrid threats. It recommends implementing a specific wargaming discipline in the military higher education curriculum and extending this approach to Land Forces units for continuous professional development.

Imagination, disruption and complexity: Strengthening psychological scholarship of activism and collective action

This special issue brings together studies that focus on psychological, social and societal factors related to activism and collective action in the context of the environmental and climate crisis. The special issue builds on an underdeveloped psychological literature on mobilisation, cohesion, collective action and resistance. This perspective article synthesises the key theoretical, methodological, and policy insights of articles in the special issue. The article discusses how the studies contribute to our knowledge of imagination, disruptive tactics, psychological distance and geopolitical context. The article also discusses ways to extend existing scholarship through justice, participatory methods, and inclusive scholarship.

Video analysis and data-driven tactical optimization of sports football matches: Visual recognition and strategy analysis algorithm

<p>For the purpose of this research, an original technique to assess football matches is described. The strategy makes use of a set of innovative algorithms for Strategic Analysis (SA) and Visual Recognition (VR). The approach, as mentioned above, has been designed around a virtual reality (VR) platform that is centered on YOLOv5 and successfully monitors the actions of both players and the ball in real-time. With the guidance of Markov Chain Models (MCM), the resulting information is processed and evaluated in order to find correlations in player location and actions. This enables an in-depth comprehension of the tactics and plans the team’s management executes. One of the most significant components of the research project is the exploration of multiple approximation techniques with the aim of enhancing frame analysis performance. Furthermore, threshold scaling was executed in order to attain maximum accuracy in detection, and an approach for Steady-State Analysis (SSA) is being created in order to analyze the long-term strategic positions of teammates. This complete method can run on sophisticated knowledge of in-game tactics, and it also serves as a tool for trainers and players who want to increase the effectiveness of the teams they coach and counteract strategies used by the opposing team.</p>

Offensive tactical thinking and its relationship to intelligence for youth soccer players in Al-Muthanna Governorate clubs


 The tactical preparation is the container in which all types of preparation (physical, skillful, psychological, and cognitive (mental) are mixed. The integration, mixing and interdependence of the types of these preparations helps positively in preparing a good plan. All of this contributes to achieving the goal of sports training, which is winning matches. Thus, the importance of The research deals with the tactical aspect of the study as one of the important aspects in the numbers of soccer players, and an important element of level determination because of its great importance in deciding the outcome of the match. Developing them, and this requires them to train and exercise continuously so that the players can know all their tactical capabilities and fully realize what each colleague will do, and know how to take advantage of the individual advantages of each of them in all playing situations. The aim of the research is to identify the relationship between tactical and offensive thinking and intelligence for club players Al-Muthanna Governorate with youth football, and the researchers hypothesized that there is a significant relationship between offensive tactical thinking and intelligence. The descriptive approach is based on the methods of survey, correlational, and normative studies, due to its suitability in achieving the objectives of the research. The research community included players of Al-Muthanna Governorate clubs for the football season (2021-2022), whose number is (137) players, distributed among the following sports clubs: (Samawah, Al-Muthanna, Al-Salman, Al-Khader The RAVEN test for successive matrices was applied to measure intelligence, and after conducting the requirements required to prepare the tactical thinking test in the offensive third of the football field in its final form, which consisted of (55) items, the offensive tactical thinking test was applied Raven's intelligence test on the research sample. The researchers concluded that it was found to build a test of offensive tactical thinking for the players of Muthanna Governorate football clubs, as well as the existence of a positive significant relationship between the level of offensive tactical thinking with the intelligence variable of football players. The researchers recommended the use of the offensive tactical thinking test (offensive tactical positions) by football coaches. And the coaches emphasize the importance of the level of intelligence when choosing the players of the football team, along with developing the tactical thinking and knowledge of the football players during the training units. As well as benefiting from the test as a training program to develop thinking, tactical knowledge and offensive tactical behavior for football players.
 
 

A Dual Fusion Pipeline to Discover Tactical Knowledge Guided by Implicit Graph Representation Learning

Discovering tactical knowledge aims to extract tactical data derived from battlefield signal data, which is vital in information warfare. The learning and reasoning from battlefield signal information can help commanders make effective decisions. However, traditional methods are limited in capturing sequential and global representation due to their reliance on prior knowledge or feature engineering. The current models based on deep learning focus on extracting implicit behavioral characteristics from combat process data, overlooking the embedded martial knowledge within the recognition of combat intentions. In this work, we fill the above challenge by proposing a dual fusion pipeline introducing graph representation learning into sequence learning to construct tactical behavior sequence graphs expressing implicit martial knowledge, named TBGCN. Specifically, the TBGCN utilizes graph representation learning to represent prior knowledge by building a graph to induce deep learning paradigms, and sequence learning finds the hidden representation from the target’s serialized data. Then, we employ a fusion module to merge two such representations. The significance of integrating graphs with deep learning lies in using the artificial experience of implicit graph structure guiding adaptive learning, which can improve representation ability and model generalization. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed TBGCN can effectively discover tactical knowledge and significantly outperform the traditional and deep learning methods.

The Impact of Instagram Promotion on Purchase Intention at The Langham Jakarta

This research studies the impact of Instagram Promotion on Purchase Intention at The Langham Jakarta, the inaugural Southeast Asian business hotel branch in SCBD. Strategically positioned in Jakarta's bustling business district, it faces competition from established hotels like Ritz-Carlton Pacific Place, Raffles, Four Seasons, Park Hyatt, and St. Regis. This research aims to identify how the local market perceives The Langham Jakarta as a viable hotel option by examining the impact of their Instagram Promotion activities on consumers’ purchase intention. This study uses an extensive approach to examine how consumers responded to The Langham Jakarta's Instagram promotion efforts to determine whether these efforts affected consumers' intentions to make a purchase. This study aims to offer important insights into the efficacy of Instagram promotion as a marketing technique for hotels entering established areas through data analysis and interpretation. The research’s purpose is to further our knowledge of consumer behaviour and marketing tactics in the hospitality sector, providing hotels looking to improve their competitive position with practical advice. The results from the hypothesis testing phase show that Instagram Promotion has a positive and significant impact on Purchase Intention. The next researcher should examine and add a broader range of variables to discover how they impact consumers' purchasing decisions.

A Multidimensional Approach to Talent Identification in Youth Volleyball through Declarative Tactical Knowledge and Functional Fitness.

This study aimed to assess which multidimensional performance indexes were the best predictors of talent identification in volleyball. Fifty-five female players (age: 13.8 ± 1.81 years; mass: 55.12 ± 8.12 kg; height: 158.23 ± 7.62 cm) were clustered into two groups according to some physical characteristics (i.e., the first group included players with more favorable performance predictors). Musculoskeletal Fitness (MSF), Functional Motor Competence (FMC), and Declarative Tactical Knowledge (DTK) were measured as multidimensional indexes of performance. Moderate-to-large differences between groups were found for each index in favor of the first group. Regression analyses were performed to examine the variance explained by MSF, FMC, and DTK in the two groups. A model with FMC components explained slightly more variance in the group predictor variables (R2 = 0.53) than a model using only MSF components (R2 = 0.45). Among FMC components, the score of the Throw-and-Catch test resulted in the best predictor (Odds Ratio = 1.58) for determining group selection, followed by the score of the Supine-to-Stand-and-Go test (Odds Ratio = 0.02). An additional model composed by MSF and FMC significant predictors (i.e., functional fitness index) and DTK explained 63% of the variance (R2 = 0.63), and these were significant predictors of group membership (Odds Ratio = 6.32 and Odds Ratio = 1.51, respectively). A more comprehensive multidimensional analysis of youth performances is warranted to identify and monitor the best players in a youth volleyball context.

Assessing between-officer variability in responses to a live-acted deadly force encounter as a window to the effectiveness of training and experience

We aimed to infer the effectiveness of officers’ training and experience by assessing consistency of behavioural responses between them. If officers facing the same scenario respond in similar ways, this implies their use of shared cognition, through acquired in-common tactical knowledge. Officers (n = 42) responded to a live-acted scenario in which an assailant ultimately discharged his weapon. Triangulated camera positions assessed their movement patterns, final positions, and weapon responses relative to when the assailant fired his weapon. We also assessed the officers’ visual search and gathered information regarding their experience and rest. Our second aim was to examine sources of variability in the officers’ responses. We found extensive variability in all aspects of the response. Experience did not impact spatial or temporal behavioural responses. However, longer hours awake and lower reported rest negatively impacted officers’ responses. We conclude that officers had insufficient training and experience to demonstrate in-common knowledge. Practitioner summary: Police officers showed high spatial and temporal variability in response to the same scenario. This implies inadequate tactical training, and is supported by our finding that training and experience did not impact performance. Instead, the officers’ variability was constrained by their visual search, and the hours awake before being tested.

HDMTK: Full Integration of Hierarchical Decision-Making and Tactical Knowledge in Multi-Agent Adversarial Games

HDMTK: Full Integration of Hierarchical Decision-Making and Tactical Knowledge in Multi-Agent Adversarial Games

Tactical knowledge is not dependent upon age or biological maturation in young soccer players

This study examined how chronological age and maturity status may affect tactical knowledge in young soccer players. Decimal age and maturity status of sixty-six U12 to U14 soccer players were calculated. Their tactical knowledge (declarative and procedural) was assessed using the TCTOF questionnaire. Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between declarative and procedural knowledge with chronological age and maturity status. Statistical differences in the declarative and procedural knowledge were examined according to age, maturity and field position-related groups. Neither the declarative nor the procedural knowledge showed a significant correlation to chronological age or maturity status (p >.05), nor was the declarative and procedural knowledge different between chronological age, maturity status or field position groups. These findings suggest that tactical knowledge is not age-, maturity- or field position-dependent, which has implications in talent identification, player selection and development programs in young soccer academies and clubs. Este estudio examinó cómo la edad cronológica y el estado madurativo puede afectar al conocimiento táctico en jóvenes jugadores de fútbol. Se calculó la edad decimal y el estado madurativo de sesenta y seis jóvenes jugadores de fútbol sub-12 a sub-14. Se evaluó su conocimiento táctico (declarativo y procedimental) mediante el cuestionario TCTOF. Los jugadores fueron clasificados según cuatro puestos específicos (portero, defensa, centrocampista y delantero). El análisis de correlación de Pearson se utilizó para evaluar la relación entre el conocimiento declarativo y procedimental con la edad cronológica y el estado madurativo, y con el puesto específico. Se examinaron las diferencias estadísticas en el conocimiento declarativo y procedimental de acuerdo al grupo de edad, maduración y puesto específico de los jugadores. Ni el conocimiento declarativo ni el procedimental mostraron correlación significativa con la edad cronológica o el estado madurativo (p > .05), así como ni el conocimiento declarativo y procedimental fueron diferentes entre los grupos de edad, de maduración o de puestos específicos. Estos hallazgos sugieren que el conocimiento táctico no es dependiente de la edad, la maduración o el puesto específico, lo que tiene implicaciones en la identificación de talentos, la selección de jugadores y los programas de desarrollo en academias y clubs de jóvenes jugadores de fútbol.

Need analysis of basketball tactical instrument: A literature review

This study was conducted to analyse the need for a basketball tactical knowledge instrument. This study used a literature study or literature review, analysing 8 scientific journals which were published in Scopus-indexed publications and published no later than 2015 and most recently 2023. This study was conducted by making analyses and conclusions on journals related to research objectives. Several studies which were analysed in this study show the importance of tactical skills in basketball and the strengths and weaknesses of previous existing tactical skill instruments. It can be concluded that an accurate and easy-to-use instrument to measure tactical knowledge is needed. A practical instrument which related to game performance and can adjust all levels of basketball play is an important aspect of tactical knowledge identification and players’ development. This study is expected to be the foundation for future research related to instruments that can measure the tactical ability of basketball athletes without restrictions on age and level of play.