Externalization Of Tacit Knowledge Research Articles

BERT-based transfer learning in tacit knowledge externalization: A study case of history teachers

There has been significant progress in the field of transfer learning. However, there are still issues with inconsistent results in professional domain applications, with low-resource learning being a considerable problem. This paper proposes a language processing model for historical education built using BERT's pre-training techniques. Two experiments were conducted to obtain comparative results and choose the appropriate model method for explicating implicit expertise in secondary school history teaching. It compares traditional methods, represented by naive Bayes, to popular continuation pre-processing techniques such as domain adaptive learning and task adaptive learning to improve the effectiveness of transfer learning. Finally, this study builds targeted models based on real application needs and selects professional rules consistent with the scene application. The use of continued pre-training helps to enhance the accuracy of the professional domain model.

Engaging Participants in Online Interviews: Lessons Learned from Implementing a Participatory Visual Approach in Two Explorative Health Information Behavior Studies

ABSTRACTThis article provides a theoretical background on participatory approaches in (health) information behavior studies. Furthermore, it introduces and discusses the implementation of a visual participatory approach applied in two explorative health information behavior studies, each conducted online via Zoom and with the virtual whiteboard Miro. One study examined the health information behavior and digital well‐being of individuals with social anxiety (n = 22), while the other explored health information behavior in the context of false information and scientificity (n = 21). The approach aimed to actively engage participants within the interview setting through creative and visual elaboration and representation of health information interactions using the virtual whiteboard Miro. Findings show that using visual materials during face‐to‐face interviews facilitated the communication about sensitive health content and supported to capture key statements in situ, promoting the externalization of tacit knowledge during the interviews. Despite the content differences of the two studies, the unifying aspect examined in this article is how the implementation of the visual participatory approaches could enhance interview settings and lead to gathering rich data. This article fills a gap for methodological considerations of participatory techniques within (health) information behavior studies.

Tacit knowledge acquisition & sharing, and its influence on innovations: A Polish/US cross-country study

This study measures the relationship between tacit knowledge sharing and innovation in the Polish (n = 350) and US (n = 379) IT industries. Conceptually, the study identifies the potential sources of tacit knowledge development by individuals. That is, the study examines how “learning by doing” and “learning by interaction” lead to a willingness to share knowledge and, as a consequence, to support process and product/service innovation. This study empirically demonstrates that tacit knowledge internalization and externalization (awareness and sharing) significantly mediate between tacit knowledge experimentation and socialization (acquisition) and its final combination (knowledge in action). While such theoretical assumptions already exist, they have not yet been empirically explained and revealed in a single structural model. Further, this empirical approach enabled a demonstration that internalization and externalization of tacit knowledge may occur consciously or unconsciously with equal success. Even so, the study also showed conscious tacit knowledge’s greater impact on innovation. Therefore, an organizational effort to manage autonomous, informal, and strongly contextual tacit knowledge is worthwhile and creates the capacity for superior competitive advantage. Finally, this study also demonstrates that national context influences tacit knowledge acquisition. In the US, “learning by doing” is dominant, whereas in Poland, “learning by interaction” and critical thinking are more common. This might be related to factors such as risk acceptance that could be studied in more detail and provide opportunities for future research.

Developing the Framework of Tacit Knowledge Externalization in International Construction Projects

Although tacit knowledge management has gained increasing attention in international construction projects, little effort has been devoted to the externalization of tacit knowledge for project managers and members. This research aims to explore various factors that affect the process of tacit knowledge externalization (TKE) in international construction projects and analyze the influencing mechanism and degree of these factors on the externalization effect. Based on the comprehensive literature review and in-depth investigations, a theoretical model and ten hypotheses were established. Then, data collected from 302 respondents were used to test the model and hypotheses. The results indicated that the differences among project members (i.e., culture distance and knowledge distance) reduce members' willingness to convert tacit knowledge, which negatively impacts the externalization effect. Furthermore, organizational management (i.e., organizational climate and incentive mechanism) plays an active role in increasing members' externalization willingness. Incentive mechanism and information technology are beneficial to increasing the coding level of knowledge, which positively impacts the externalization effect. Moreover, a strong willingness to convert tacit knowledge helps enhance the coding level of knowledge, thereby improving the effect of TKE. This study advances previous research by developing a framework for TKE in international construction projects, thereby offering recommendations for project managers and members to promote the externalization process.

DESIGN FOR SUSTAINABLE BEHAVIOR: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES OF A DATA-DRIVEN APPROACH

AbstractThe article stems from the main informative gaps of Design for Sustainable Behaviour and discusses the paramount role of a data-driven approach to inform design. The article stresses how quantitative data can address global sustainability, determine behaviours to modify, measure the impact of new learned sustainable behaviours as well as support the definition of behaviour change strategies, widening the spatial and temporal scales to communities and longitudinal studies and reducing unpredictable biases coming from tacit knowledge externalization and interpretation.

Práticas de conversão do conhecimento no centro de investigação e prevenção de acidentes aeronáuticos

Knowledge Management (KM) seeks to systematize processes to support the identification, generation, sharing and application of organizational knowledge in order to maximize efficiency and return on an organization's knowledge assets. The Laboratory of Reading and Analysis of Flight Recorders Data (LABDATA), a sector belonging to the Center for Research and Prevention of Aeronautical Accidents, retains all the knowledge of a Brazilian aeronautical sector that provides services to different countries, requiring practices that allow the externalization of tacit and explicit knowledge of its members. This study aims to understand and analyse knowledge conversion practices within LABDATA. It is justified by the high added value to the knowledge of LABDATA's technical staff, the only sector in Latin America responsible for the extraction, acquisition and analysis of flight recorder data. The objective of the study was achieved through a qualitative approach, carried out through a case study and semi-structured interviews analyzed in light of the content analysis technique. The research showed that the modes of knowledge conversion of socialization and externalization favor the creation and sharing of knowledge in LABDATA. However, weaknesses were observed in the modes of combination conversion and internalization. Brazilian cultural traits emerged in the study as factors that can influence the modes of knowledge conversion.

The Role of Opinions and Ideas as Types of Tacit Knowledge

Purpose: The paper identifies the difficulties associated with managing tacit knowledge in its entirety among distributed individuals and proposes its categorization into types/kinds as a solution for its effective externalization and measurement. The categorization process implies the identification of those types or kinds of tacit knowledge which could be externalized and measured easier than others. The paper posits that such categorization is a step in the right direction for better tacit-to-explicit transformation.Design: The paper is designed based on literary evidences supporting that some parts or instances of tacit knowledge could be more easily externalized/transformed into explicit form than other forms. This research through the analysis of opinions and ideas focuses on building up the relationship between tacit knowledge and these two constructs. The paper will introduce a comparative analysis between opinions and ideas and tacit knowledge.Findings: The relationships and correspondences between opinions/ideas and tacit knowledge are developed and a Reflection-articulation-interpretation model which demonstrates these relationships and the externalization to explicit knowledge.Practical implications: The introduced relationships between Tacit Knowledge Instances, Opinions and Ideas as well as the externalization model form the basis for proper tacit knowledge externalization based on its categorization. The authors believe that if tacit knowledge is categorized into types, this will have positive effects on improved tacit knowledge externalization.Originality: The proposed Model and the framework are not only original but, to the authors knowledge, are a unique attempt addressing tacit knowledge categorization and how opinion/ideas are externalized.

Externalising and reusing of tacit knowledge in manufacturing task

In this paper, we present the application of knowledge engineering and externalisation of tacit knowledge in manufacturing industry, in order to improve the performance of a production system and save the knowledge capital of the company. The main aim of this study is to propose a knowledge model for manufacturing task combining common knowledge acquisition and design support (CommonKADS) and methodology for acquisition of tacit knowledge (MACTAK) methodologies, using two different knowledge base modelling based on two categories: (i) ontology and (ii) expert knowledge base. In that purpose, we suggest a process dedicated to industrial manufacturing, allowing to capitalise knowledge by: (1) Externalisation of tacit knowledge by MACTAK-methodology in industrial processes, (2) using knowledge engineering method; CommonKADS methodology, (3) Formalizing and modelling the domain knowledge using ontology and inference model, (4) presenting the implementation tool to support the knowledge model and (5) reusing the manufacturing knowledge model in decision support systems. The three pillars of methodology are: the externalisation process, Knowledge representation technique and quality tools. The proposed model is applied in manufacturing monitoring systems.

EO Model for Tacit Knowledge Externalization in Socio-Technical Enterprises

Aim/Purpose: A vital business activity within socio-technical enterprises is tacit knowledge externalization, which elicits and explicates tacit knowledge of enterprise employees as external knowledge. The aim of this paper is to integrate diverse aspects of externalization through the Enterprise Ontology model. Background: Across two decades, researchers have explored various aspects of tacit knowledge externalization. However, from the existing works, it is revealed that there is no uniform representation of the externalization process, which has resulted in divergent and contradictory interpretations across the literature. Methodology : The Enterprise Ontology model is constructed step-wise through the conceptual and measurement views. While the conceptual view encompasses three patterns that model the externalization process, the measurement view employs certainty-factor model to empirically measure the outcome of the externalization process. Contribution: The paper contributes towards knowledge management literature in two ways. The first contribution is the Enterprise Ontology model that integrates diverse aspects of externalization. The second contribution is a Web application that validates the model through a case study in banking. Findings: The findings show that the Enterprise Ontology model and the patterns are pragmatic in externalizing the tacit knowledge of experts in a problem-solving scenario within a banking enterprise. Recommendations for Practitioners : Consider the diverse aspects (what, where, when, why, and how) during the tacit knowledge externalization process. Future Research: To extend the Enterprise Ontology model to include externalization from partially automated enterprise systems.

Digital group storytelling in knowledge management: lessons learned in online tutoring

Storytelling is an important tool to register lessons learned whose usage has increased in organisations and education. Organisations tend to produce knowledge from work experience, as well as from daily activities or special projects. However, such knowledge is hardly ever documented or shared due to the formalism imposed by companies, or to the lack of time and resources to help people making explicit their tacit knowledge. Thus, all that tacit knowledge is likely to be lost with time. Group storytelling is a technique to support externalisation of tacit knowledge through the collaborative construction of stories. This paper presents an exploratory case study with tutors of an online course. The results showed that it is possible to capture the lessons learned through this technique with the aid of computer systems.

An approach for externalization of expert tacit knowledge using a query management system in an e-learning environment

<p>E-learning or electronic learning platforms facilitate delivery of the knowledge spectrum to the learning community through information and communication technologies. The transfer of knowledge takes place from experts to learners, and externalization of the knowledge transfer is significant. In the e-learning environment, the learners seek subject expertise to clarify their subject queries, and a learner query can be routed to an expert for externalization of expert knowledge provided the learner knows the subject expert or the expertise group. However, learners new to e-learning systems are not aware of the expertise group to which the query should be sent, which results in time delays, non-response, inaccurate solutions and loss of knowledge capture. Several models have been proposed to resolve this task, but thus far, these efforts have focused completely on returning the most conversant people as experts on a particular topic to retrieve valuable knowledge. To address this problem, we propose an approach that externalizes the tacit knowledge of a subject expert by creating a dynamic query handling system that automatically transfers a user query to the best subject expert.</p>

Editorial: Technology in higher education and human performance

Improvement of learning and human development for sustainable development has been recognized as a key strategy for individuals and organizations to strengthen their competitive advantages. It becomes crucial to help adult learners and knowledge workers to improve their self-directed and life-long learning capabilities. Meanwhile, learning in this context has expanded from individual to community and organizational levels with new focuses on externalization of tacit knowledge, creation of new knowledge, retention of knowledge assets for continuous improvement, and cross-cultural communication. To adapt to these changes, technologies have played an increasingly important role in enhancing and transforming learning at individual, community, and organizational levels. Papers in this special issue are representative of ongoing research on integration of technology with learning for innovation and sustainable development in higher education institutions and organizational and community environments.

Networks of practice for co-construction of agricultural decision support systems: Case studies of precision dairy farms in Australia

The on-farm use of commercial decision support systems (DSSs) presents learning and adaptation challenges for farmers and their social learning networks. A study of six Australian dairy farms installing new precision dairy farming technology was undertaken to develop an in-depth picture of the issues occurring at the interface where precision farming data and decision-making meet. A qualitative exploratory case study method was used, with farmers each interviewed up to five times from pre-installation until 2years of use. A three-phase learning trajectory was observed amongst farmers involving early learning, consolidation, and advanced use. Farmers exhibited experiential learning but also learned via interaction with a network of on- and off-farm contacts forming a network of practice around the new users. This precision dairy farming network of practice formed a vital method of exchanging knowledge on how to best use technology and data in farming systems, with DSSs acting as a boundary object for learning. Externalisation of tacit knowledge into an explicit form suitable for DSSs was a major focus of this social learning. Co-construction of DSS knowledge in the emerging network was impeded by the absence of potentially important agents, in addition to the incomplete links between existing agents such as technology retailers and farmers. A technological innovation systems perspective is used to propose an improved framework to make greater use of translators and intermediaries. It is aimed at improving links amongst the community to more effectively aid farmers in creating new knowledge in agricultural DSS use.

地質環境調査で利用される専門知識の表出化 －地形・地質発達モデル構築の事例－

地質環境調査で利用される専門知識の表出化 －地形・地質発達モデル構築の事例－

地形・地質調査で専門家が利用する知識の分析・整理―隆起速度の算出に係る調査・解析の事例―

地形・地質調査で専門家が利用する知識の分析・整理―隆起速度の算出に係る調査・解析の事例―

Exploiting value chain process concepts in research organisations

This article tends to apply and concentrate on the theory of value and the value chains in research organisations from a holistic perspective. Value is equivalent to intellectual assets in research organisations, hence, a model to explain the chain of activities from a holistic point of view should exist. The aim of this paper is to present a framework for the sequence of work in a chain manner at research organisations. This new approach is an idea-to-market process, which should be considered more in strategic literature when studying research organisations. The development of the model is based mainly on empirical knowledge (externalisation of tacit knowledge) and extensive literature reviews. Such a framework helps clarify the goals of the value chain and identify the managerial actions that improve the value chain performance in terms of the desired goals.

Improving performance through tacit knowledge externalisation and utilisation

Purpose – The study seeks to examine the transformation of tacit knowledge (TK) into business performance by developing a two‐stage framework involving two processes: TK utilization and externalization.Design/methodology/approach – Owing to the limited understanding and interest expressed by hotel professionals through a preliminary telephone survey, a mail survey targeting a representative sample of solely four‐ and five‐star hotels was conducted. Still, a small number of responses were gathered, and so additional telephone interviews were also conducted with two hotel managers for gathering more qualitative information.Findings – Findings revealed an increased unfamiliarity of hotels with TK, which in turn eliminated their activities for externalizing and utilizing TK and enhancing business performance. TK externalization was reported as critically important to be first achieved, as TK utilization builds and uses the potential TK stocks that are created through TK externalization. Respondents also mainl...

Using meta‐abilities and tacit knowledge for developing learning based systems

PurposeResearch has found that the implementation of learning‐based systems development is a complex issue since it requires the input of employees at all levels of an organization. Successful implementation is a challenge for organizations as the basic training and education offered by them and the particular experiences of the individuals on their own and other factors such as fear and ignorance prevent such actions. For this purpose, the addition of other elements is also required. This research aims to identify and explain the usage of the elements that can encourage employees to contribute the inputs necessary for learning‐based systems development.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve this aim, this research developed a conceptual framework based on the concepts of meta‐abilities and tacit knowledge externalization and sharing. To illustrate the application of the framework in a real life setting, a case study approach that involved a large manufacturing organization in Malaysia was employed.FindingsThe processes undertaken in the novel conceptual framework of this research should ensure that organizational information systems are subject to continual re‐examination and modification. By internalizing a system's operations, individuals can improve actions by acquiring better knowledge and understanding, which is the learning process. It was concluded that the future focus for the management of information in organizational learning should be towards the development of an individual's meta‐abilities and creating a suitable organizational culture and infrastructure such that knowledge sharing is promoted.Originality/valueGenerally, this paper offers a contribution by illustrating the application of a conceptual framework in a practical situation; thereby demonstrating a theoretical and practical understanding of the integration of staff members into the IS development process.

Farmers and researchers: How can collaborative advantages be created in participatory research and technology development?

This article examines differences in the research approaches of farmers and scientists and analyzes how these differences are related to the conditions under which both groups engage in experimental work. Theoretical considerations as well as practical experiences are presented to emphasize the great potential of farmer–researcher collaboration for rural innovation. In the first part of the article, the innovative power of farmer research and experimentation is acknowledged by presenting examples such as crop and animal breeding, development of new production systems, farm equipment, and social innovations. Considering the respective comparative advantages of farmers and scientists, and inspired by theoretical concepts in the fields of knowledge management and innovation processes, we discuss five topics for optimizing the collaboration between farmers and scientists in the field of technological innovation: user orientation, decentralization, informal modes of experimentation, externalization of tacit knowledge, and economic considerations. A better understanding of such issues could help researchers to define their own role in the research process, acknowledge the strengths and weaknesses of their own and farmers’ research approaches, overcome communication gaps, and find creative solutions for problems that typically occur in the process of participatory technology development.

Aiming at Externalization of Tacit Knowledge in Knowledge Construction

Aiming at Externalization of Tacit Knowledge in Knowledge Construction