Tabular Results Research Articles

The Joule Heating Effects on Natural Convection of Participating Magnetohydrodynamics Under Different Levels of Thermal Radiation in a Cavity

A numerical study is conducted for the Joule heating effects on fluid flow and heat transfer of radiatively participating magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) under different levels of thermal radiation considering the Hall effects in a square cavity. In the cavity, the vertical walls are isothermal with constant but different temperatures, while the horizontal walls are adiabatic. The absorption, emission, and scattering of the fluid and the reflection, absorption, and emission of the walls are all taken into account. The governing equations for momentum and energy together with the boundary conditions are solved by the finite volume method (FVM), while the governing equation for radiative transfer is solved by the discrete ordinates method (DOM). Tabular and graphical results are presented in terms of streamlines, isotherms, Nusselt number, and the average temperature of the fluid. After detailed analysis, we found that the Joule heating has notable effects on fluid flow and heat transfer in the cavity and Joule heating cannot be neglected in certain range of parameters.

Curvature Effects on the Vibration Characteristics of Doubly Curved Shallow Shells with General Elastic Edge Restraints

Effects of curvature upon the vibration characteristics of doubly curved shallow shells are assessed in this paper. Boundary conditions of the shell are generally specified in terms of distributed elastic restraints along the edges. The classical homogeneous boundary supports can be easily simulated by setting the stiffnesses of restraining springs to either zero or infinite. Vibration problems of the shell are solved by a modified Fourier series method that each of the displacements is invariably expressed as a simple trigonometric series which converges uniformly and acceleratedly over the solution domain. All the unknown expansion coefficients are treated equally as a set of independent generalized coordinates and solved using the Rayleigh-Ritz technique. The current method provides a unified solution to the vibration problems of curved shallow shells involving different geometric properties and boundary conditions with no need of modifying the formulations and solution procedures. Extensive tabular and graphical results are presented to show the curvature effects on the natural frequencies of the shell with various boundary conditions.

Effect of scaling effect parameters on the vibration characteristics of nanoplates

The Rayleigh–Ritz method has been applied to solve governing differential equations of the free vibration of nonhomogeneous rectangular nanoplates. Nonhomogeneity is assumed by taking a variety of combinations of linear as well as quadratic variations in the Young's modulus and the density of the material. Boundary characteristic orthogonal polynomials in two variables are used in the Rayleigh–Ritz method and have been generated with the help of the Gram–Schmidt process. The generalized eigenvalue problem has been solved by employing MATLAB code. Both graphical and tabular results are given to show the effects of nonhomogeneous parameters, the nonlocal parameter, boundary conditions, aspect ratio and the length of the nanoplate on the frequency parameters. Results are compared in special cases and are found to be in good agreement.

Modeling Regional-Scale Wildland Fire Emissions with the Wildland Fire Emissions Information System*

Abstract As carbon modeling tools become more comprehensive, spatial data are needed to improve quantitative maps of carbon emissions from fire. The Wildland Fire Emissions Information System (WFEIS) provides mapped estimates of carbon emissions from historical forest fires in the United States through a web browser. WFEIS improves access to data and provides a consistent approach to estimating emissions at landscape, regional, and continental scales. The system taps into data and tools developed by the U.S. Forest Service to describe fuels, fuel loadings, and fuel consumption and merges information from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration on fire location and timing. Currently, WFEIS provides web access to Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) burned area for North America and U.S. fire-perimeter maps from the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity products from the USGS, overlays them on 1-km fuel maps for the United States, and calculates fuel consumption and emissions with an open-source version of the Consume model. Mapped fuel moisture is derived from daily meteorological data from remote automated weather stations. In addition to tabular output results, WFEIS produces multiple vector and raster formats. This paper provides an overview of the WFEIS system, including the web-based system functionality and datasets used for emissions estimates. WFEIS operates on the web and is built using open-source software components that work with open international standards such as keyhole markup language (KML). Examples of emissions outputs from WFEIS are presented showing that the system provides results that vary widely across the many ecosystems of North America and are consistent with previous emissions modeling estimates and products.

The effect of the pseudo-colloids in the fractured porous media for safety assessment of a HLW repository: application of arbitrary function

In a deep-geological disposal facility, most of the pseudo-colloids are generating at the interface between a near-field and a far-field and the colloid transport is mostly taking place in the far-field region. This study has developed the methodology with the tabular result from a near-field model of the radionuclide transport as a boundary condition. This methodology can analyze the effect of pseudo-colloids to be interconnected the far-field region. This methodology is verified analytical solutions and will be a good tool to analyze the effect of pseudo-colloids in the far-field region at the deep-geological disposal environment.

A Boundary layer flows of non-Newtonian Williamson fluid

In this investigation, the steady boundary layer flow of Williamson fluid is studied. The nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformations, then the series solution are obtained by employing homotopy analysis method (HAM), in the four flow problems of a Williamson fluid namely Blasius, Sakiadis, stretching and stagnation point flows. The influence ofWeissenberg number on the velocity and skin friction coeffcient is analyzed through graphical and tabular results.

Effects of Hall Current on MHD Boundary Layer Second-Order Viscoelastic Fluid Flow Induced by a Continuous Surface with Heat Transfer

Effects of Hall current on heat transfer and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) boundary layer flow induced by a continuous surface in a parallel free stream of a second-order viscoelastic fluid are studied for uniform suction/injection by taking viscous dissipation into account. Complex nonsimilar solutions to the stream function and temperature are developed by means of an elegant technique, known as homotopy analysis method (HAM). Convergence of the solutions is ensured with the help of -curves. Graphical and tabular results for the effects of Hall current reveal that it has a significant influence on: complex velocity, complex temperature, magnitude of the shear stress at the surface, magnitude of the rate of heat transfer at the surface and on boundary layer thickness.

Adhesive stresses in axially-loaded tubular bonded joints—Part II: Development of an explicit closed-form solution for the Lubkin and Reissner model

The literature presents several analytical models and solutions for single- and double-lap bonded joints, whilst the joint between circular tubes is less common. For this geometry the pioneering model is that of Lubkin and Reissner, Transactions of The ASME 78 (1956) 1213–1221, in which the tubes are treated as cylindrical thin shells subjected to membrane and bending loading, whilst the adhesive transmits shear and peel stresses which are a function of the axial coordinate only. Such assumptions are consistent with those usually adopted for the flat joints. A former investigation has shown that the L–R model agrees with FE results for many geometries and gives far better results than other models appeared later in the literature. The aim of the present work is to obtain and present an explicit closed-form solution, not reported by Lubkin and Reissner, which is achieved by solving the governing equations by means of the Laplace transform. The correctness of the findings, assessed by the comparison with the tabular results of Lubkin and Reissner, and the features of this solution are commented.

Pipe Burst Risk State Assessment and Classification Based on Water Hammer Analysis for Water Supply Networks

Hydraulic transients pose many risks to urban water distribution systems. The high pressure induced by a hydraulic transient can cause pipe bursts, the negative pressure can cause pipe collapses, cavitation can cause pipeline erosions and pump impeller damages, and the transient forces can loosen pipe joints. We derived the hydraulic calculating equations based on the method of characteristics (MOC) by considering the pipe head loss and node cavitation. Four individual factors and one composite factor for hydraulic transient risk are presented along with the method of calculation of the indicators. They can produce a tabular result that is color coded by risk, and the risk classification map can be built by a four-layer state assessment and color coding technology. They are Class I with green for safe level, Class II with cyan for warning level, Class III with blue for dangerous level, and Class IV with red for severe level. The pipe burst risk assessment methods and procedures are presented. Finally, a sample model and a Chinese city pipe network system are presented for pipe burst risk classification examples.

Educational Exhibit Abstract No. 325 - Ectopic varices: pathogenesis, diagnosis and management

Learning Objectives To review the prevalence, etiology, pathogenesis, anatomy, presentation, and diagnosis of ectopic varices. The variety of transcatheter approaches, techniques, technical tips, risks, and results of each will be presented. Background Ectopic varices may be best defined as large pressurized portosystemic venous collaterals occurring anywhere in the abdomen except in the gastro-esophageal region. They account for up to 5% of all variceal bleeding; however, hemorrhage can be massive with mortality reaching up to 40%. They can develop in sites of prior surgical adhesions or spontaneously through latent embryologic portosystemic anastomoses. Given their sporadic nature, literature is limited to case reports, small case series and reviews, without guidelines on management. Clinical Findings/Procedure Details This exhibit illustrates the pathways and clinical presentations of duodenal, jejunal, ileal, stomal, colonic, roux, gallbladder, rectal, urinary bladder, umbilical, and retroperitoneal varices, and their respective interventional therapies. The role of diagnostic CT, sonography, angiography, and venography is reviewed. The authors demonstrate in a pictorial fashion, drawing upon extensive experience as well as comprehensive lliterature review. Techniques include antegrade transjugular, transhepatic and transsplenic approaches with or without shunt creation; embolization, and variceal obliteration using coils, plugs, sclerosants, and adhesives; B-RTO approaches (through renal/adrenal/ gonadal approaches, etc); and direct variceal puncture by sonographic guidance. Tabular results from published literature are presented,with an algorithm for choosing therapeutic approaches for individual cases. Conclusion and/or Teaching Points Ectopic varices develop and present in a myriad of locations and fashions, from mild, occult, to massive intra or retro-peritoneal, urinary, or gastrointestinal hemorrhage. In 2012, the interventional radiologist has multiple, new demonstratedly effective means of providing temporizing or definitive therapy, warranting high suspicion, early diagnosis, referral and intervention.

FLOW OF AN EYRING-POWELL NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID OVER A STRETCHING SHEET

This article is devoted to the study of the boundary layer flow of a non-Newtonian fluid over a stretching sheet. The non-Newtonian behavior of the fluid is characterized by the constitutive equation due to Powell and Eyring (1944). A second-order approximation of the Eyring-Powell model is used to obtain the flow equations. A local similarity solution of the governing problem is obtained numerically using an implicit finite difference scheme known as the Keller box method. The influence of pertinent non-Newtonian fluid parameters M and λ on the velocity and skin-friction coefficient is analyzed through graphical and tabular results.

A Synthesis of Fundamental Parameters of Spiral Arms, Based on Recent Observations in the Milky Way

Recent advances in the position and shape of each spiral arm in the Milky Way (pitch angle, shape, number, inter-arm separation at the Sun) are evaluated and compared, and a statistical analysis yields an updated idealized Galactic map. Earlier tabular results were published in five blocks of 15 to 20 each, covering 1980 to 2007 [1-4]. This paper presents the latest two blocks, each between 15 and 20 entries of published spiral arm researches since 2008. Using this revised Galactic map, and a discussion on the width of the Sagittarius arm (major or minor or equal), an interpretation of orbital streamlines for the gas and magnetic fields is presented for 2 major arms and for 4 major arms in the Milky Way. Our interpretation for all the recent data favors the following: a four-arm non-circular spiral pattern for the Milky Way; the Sagittarius arm being likely an equal arm; the inter-arm separation at the Sun’s location converging near 3.0 kpc. We emphasize that these conclusions encompass all the data, and thus can vary somewhat from the results of data obtained from a single filter (only CO data, say).

Getting to Know the Economy in Your Community: Automated Social Accounting

In response to the demand for economic base assessments in different counties and small regions, an automated social accounting matrix (ASAM) was developed through a fruitful collaboration between graduate students and Extension faculty. ASAM uses direct or customized secondary information from IMPLAN to estimate the economic contributions of different sectors and their economic multipliers. Tabular and graphic results can be rapidly customized for discussions in communities of practice. ASAM is a tool that can foster teachable moments.

Experimental measurements of ranges of swift heavy ions in single crystals by “cross-section” technique

By means of the “cross-section” technique with the use of optical and electron scanning microscopy, the projected ranges of swift heavy ions with an energy of ∼1 MeV/amu and more are measured in dielectric and semiconductor single crystals. Comparisons are made against tabular data and results of computer calculations using the E-DEP and SRIM codes.

HMMER web server: interactive sequence similarity searching

HMMER is a software suite for protein sequence similarity searches using probabilistic methods. Previously, HMMER has mainly been available only as a computationally intensive UNIX command-line tool, restricting its use. Recent advances in the software, HMMER3, have resulted in a 100-fold speed gain relative to previous versions. It is now feasible to make efficient profile hidden Markov model (profile HMM) searches via the web. A HMMER web server (http://hmmer.janelia.org) has been designed and implemented such that most protein database searches return within a few seconds. Methods are available for searching either a single protein sequence, multiple protein sequence alignment or profile HMM against a target sequence database, and for searching a protein sequence against Pfam. The web server is designed to cater to a range of different user expertise and accepts batch uploading of multiple queries at once. All search methods are also available as RESTful web services, thereby allowing them to be readily integrated as remotely executed tasks in locally scripted workflows. We have focused on minimizing search times and the ability to rapidly display tabular results, regardless of the number of matches found, developing graphical summaries of the search results to provide quick, intuitive appraisement of them.

A Modified Fastmap K-Means Clustering Algorithm for Large Scale Gene Expression Datasets

Clustering is an important tool of data mining to extract the context or meaningful patterns from the datasets. To extract the patterns from gene expression datasets, cluster analysis is used. From last two to three years, there are noticeably increase in public datasets, like geo, arrayexpress, genebank, are noted. All these increase in public datasets are not only in numbers but also in dimensions. To analyze single experiment, 1000's of genes and 100's of samples are available. To handle these large dimensions, we have to moderate or modify the traditional clustering algorithms. K-means clustering algorithm is one of the most used and tested clustering algorithm not only for gene expression datasets but also for various different datasets. But, as the dimension goes on increasing, CPU time requirement and memory requirement also increasing. Here, we try to increase the speed of K-means algorithm by adding additional phase (by using moderate FastMap) before implementation of k-means algorithm on the datasets. So, Modified FastMap K-means Clustering Algorithm, is a two phase algorithm, which try to reduced CPU time and memory requirements as compared to tradition K-means requirements. We have shown tabular results for three datasets, which are downloaded from public repository, NCBI, geo. The algorithm can successfully generate good results for large as well as small datasets.

WebGeSTer DB—a transcription terminator database

We present WebGeSTer DB, the largest database of intrinsic transcription terminators (http://pallab.serc.iisc.ernet.in/gester). The database comprises of a million terminators identified in 1060 bacterial genome sequences and 798 plasmids. Users can obtain both graphic and tabular results on putative terminators based on default or user-defined parameters. The results are arranged in different tiers to facilitate retrieval, as per the specific requirements. An interactive map has been incorporated to visualize the distribution of terminators across the whole genome. Analysis of the results, both at the whole-genome level and with respect to terminators downstream of specific genes, offers insight into the prevalence of canonical and non-canonical terminators across different phyla. The data in the database reinforce the paradigm that intrinsic termination is a conserved and efficient regulatory mechanism in bacteria. Our database is freely accessible.

Numerical Simulation of Natural Convection in Wavy Porous Cavities Under the Influence of Thermal Radiation Using a Thermal Non-equilibrium Model

Continuum equations governing thermal non-equilibrium modeling of steady natural convection inside wavy enclosures with the effect of thermal radiation are developed. These equations account for such effects as the inter-phase heat transfer coefficient effect, the thermal radiation effect, the modified conductivity ratio effect and the Rayleigh number effect. Finite difference method is employed to solve these equations and comparisons between previous published works are presented. Numerical results for the flow and heat transfer for the fluid and solid phases are obtained for various combinations of the physical parameters. Graphical and tabular results illustrating interesting features of the physics of the problem are presented and discussed.

Some new tests of relevance theory in information science

A central idea in Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson’s relevance theory is that an individual’s sense of the relevance of an input varies directly with the cognitive effects, and inversely with the processing effort, of the input in a context. I argue that this idea has an objective analog in information science—the tf*idf (term frequency, inverse document frequency) formula used to weight indexing terms in document retrieval. Here, tf*idf is used to weight terms from five bibliometric distributions in the context of the seed terms that generated them. The distributions include the descriptors co-assigned with a descriptor, the descriptors and identifiers assigned to an author, two examples of cited authors and their co-citees, and the books and journals cited with a famous book, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. In each case, the highest-ranked terms are contrasted with lowest-ranked terms. In two cases, pennant diagrams, a new way of displaying bibliometric data, augment the tabular results. Clear qualitative differences between the sets of terms are intuitively well-explained by relevance theory.

Present Value Functions and Recursions

g we define this random variable to be (,, ) PVA a x NDR when the person begins active and (, , ) PVA i x NDR when commencing inactive. We assume that future labor force activity status follows the usual Markov or increment-decrement model. In arranging these random variables into the row random vector     (, ) ( ,, ), ( , , ) P VA xN D R PVA axN D R PVA ix N D R , we provide a recursion for its probability mass function (often abbreviated “pmf” below), which we show to be computationally intractable. Next, we indicate how we may nevertheless estimate the probability mass function. We then provide a computationally useful recursion for its expected value  [( , ) ] EP VA x NDR . These expected values have been tabulated in the United Kingdom, where they are associated with the Ogden Tables. From another point of view,