Preparation Of Tablets Research Articles

Potential of banana based cellulose materials for advanced applications: A review on properties and technical challenges

Biocompatibility, biodegradability, and toxicity issues of synthetic polymers have propelled the search for environmentally friendly and non-toxic alternatives. In this context, biobased materials have gained much popularity due to their non-toxic, biodegradable, and sustainable nature. Bananas are considered as one of such natural material which fulfil the requirements to be tailored as a biocompatible biopolymer. Banana derived wastes can be used for extraction of commercially important biopolymers like starch, cellulose, nanocellulose and their subsequent utilization in wide variety of applications. Banana derived biopolymers and their bio composites and widely used for medical applications such as wound healing, fabrication of bone plates, cellulose based gate dielectrics, and capacitors for insulin pumps, and pacemakers. In addition, banana based nanocellulose can be used in tissue engineering, biosensing, drug delivery, bioimaging, wound healing, enzyme immobilization and preparation of tablets for oral administration. Moreover, banana-based polymers can be employed in applications such as food packaging, biofuel production, and production of multilayered papers. Considering the potential applications of banana-based nanomaterials, this review work is framed to understand the process of extraction of starch, cellulose, nanocellulose and biopolymers from banana derived wastes with specific emphasis on their extraction methods and composite preparation methods. In addition, it discusses in detail the promising and potential applications of the derived materials in health and environmental sectors. The presented review is a comprehensive discussion on banana-based waste conversion strategies to produce value added products useful in medical and environmental applications.

Development of a Bilayer Tablet by Fused Deposition Modeling as a Sustained-Release Drug Delivery System.

Three-dimensional printing by fused deposition modeling (FDM) coupled with hot-melt extrusion (HME) is a point of convergence of research efforts directed toward the development of personalized dosage forms. In addition to the customization in terms of shapes, sizes, or delivered drug doses, the modulation of drug release profiles is crucial to ensure the superior efficacy and safety of modern 3D-printed medications compared to those of conventional ones. Our work aims to solidify the groundwork for the preparation of 3D-printed tablets that ensure the sustained release of diclofenac sodium. Specifically, we achieved the fast release of a diclofenac sodium dose to allow for the prompt onset of its pharmacological effect, further sustaining by the slow release of another dose to maintain the effect over a prolonged timeframe. In this regard, proper formulation and design strategies (a honeycomb structure for the immediate-release layer and a completely filled structure for the sustained-release layer) were applied. Secondarily, the potential of polyvinyl alcohol to function as a multifaceted polymeric matrix for both the immediate and slow-release layers was explored, with the objective of promoting the real-life applicability of the technique by downsizing the number of materials required to obtain versatile pharmaceutical products. The present study is a step forward in the translation of HME-FDM-3DP into a pharmaceutical manufacturing methodology.

Technological Processing of Dried Powdered Rosehips to Tablets Through Wet Granulation

Abstract The pseudo-fruits of Dog Rose are a rich source of L-ascorbic acid and several other active substances, which means their high supportive therapeutic potential. The study aimed to examine the impact of the chosen technological procedure for the preparation of tablets containing rosehip powder on the amount of L-ascorbic acid in the final pharmaceutical form. Drying of the plant drug was performed at room temperature to avoid possible thermal degradation of this heat-sensitive compound. Similarly, drying of the granules after wet granulation in the oven was replaced by natural drying at room temperature. The composition of two types of prepared granule formulations differed in the filler – lactose (LAC) or microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). Apart from the disintegration test, they meet the technological requirements for granules or tablets. Lactose was confirmed as a more suitable filler, which despite the unsuccessful disintegration of the granules, ensures the disintegration of tablets within 15 minutes even without the addition of a special excipient acting as a disintegrant. The content of L-ascorbic acid detected using isotachophoresis – capillary zone electrophoresis was 87.16 ± 5.06 µg in LAC tablets and 63.33 ± 2.83 µg in MCC tablets.

Improving the release rate of lurasidone hydrochloride from fast disintegrating tablets using green solvent evaporation technique

Lurasidone hydrochloride (LRS HCl), an antipsychotic drug with low aqueous solubility, was dispersed in a matrix of polyethylene glycol (PEG) using the green solvent evaporation method. The green solvents used were water and ethanol. Solid dispersions and physical mixtures were prepared at various drug-to-polymer ratios, characterized by XRPD, FTIR, and DSC analyzes, and then used for the preparation of fast disintegrating tablets (FDTs). The tablets were analyzed for hardness, disintegration, and in vitro dissolution of LRS HCl. In vitro release profiles showed a significant improvement in the release rate of LRS HCl from tablets prepared with solid dispersions compared to those containing untreated LRS HCl or the physical mixture. The presented results confirm that the use of solid dispersions prepared by the green solvent evaporation method is a promising approach to enhance the in vitro dissolution of poorly soluble drugs such as LRS HCl. The applicability of mathematical models was tested to describe the release profiles of LRS HCl from FDTs. The diffusion process, following Fick’s law for drug release, appears to be the predominant release mechanism for this specific drug in FDTs.

Automated sample preparation of protein solid dosage forms: Novel application for the tablet processing workstation.

Biological macromolecule solid dosage forms represent the frontier of orally administered pharmaceuticals. Analysis of these drug products poses new challenges compared to traditional small molecule tablets. In this study we demonstrate the first, to our knowledge, automated Tablet Processing Workstation (TPW) sample preparation of large molecule tablets. Tablets containing a modified version of human insulin were tested for content uniformity and the automated method was successfully validated for recovery, carryover and displayed manual method equivalency in repeatability and in-process stability. Per TPW's ability to process one sample sequentially, the total analysis cycle time is, in fact, increased. In lieu, a net gain in scientist productivity is realized by enabling continuous operation reducing analytical scientist labor time by 71% compared to manually conducted sample preparation.

Bilayer Tablet a Dual Released, an Emerging Trend for Novel Drug Delivery System

Bilayer tablets are a kind of medication that effectively treats illness by combining two pharmaceuticals, either the same or different ones, in a single dosage. Physically separating active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) may prevent chemical incompatibilities, and bilayer tablets can pave the way for the creation of various drug release profiles, such as immediate and prolonged release. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory bilayer tablets are significantly different. Two medications may be sequentially released from a bi-layer tablet, making it ideal for sustained-release tablets. One layer can be immediate-release for the first dosage, while the other can be a maintenance dose. The purpose of this review is to identify problems with bilayer tablet preparation and to suggest ways to fix them. To further aid comprehension, the article goes on to list the many kinds of bilayer tablets, including single-side presses, double-side presses, and bilayer tablet displacement presses, as well as their uses, advantages, and disadvantages. In addition, the review paper discusses the several ways and procedures used to manufacture bilayer tablets, so readers may have a comprehensive understanding of these tablets. In the last paragraph, the whole essay is evaluated critically.

Formulation and Pharmaceutical Quality Evaluation of Tablets Containing Extract of Cinnamomum burmannii BARK and Colocasia esculenta (L) Schott Leaves

Cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum burmannii) is used traditionally and has an ingredient containing cinnamic acid compounds. Colocasia esculenta (L) Schott leaves contains of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroids, and terpenoids. Both of the plants C. esculenta and C. burmannii plants have the potential as anti-diabetics because they can lower blood glucose levels. This study aims to make combination tablets of C. burmannii bark and C. esculenta leaves extract with various concentrations of PVP K30 binder. This research made four formulas with the concentration of PVP K30, namely F1 (2%), F2 (3%), F3 (4%), and F4 (5%). Tablet preparations were prepared by the wet granulation method. Tablet analysis used flavonoids quercetin and cinnamic acid as markers. The results showed that the tablets were flat, round in shape, light green, had a slightly bitter taste, and had a distinctive aromatic odor. The differences in the concentration of PVP K30 binder 2-5% could affect the hardness, friability, disintegration time, and tablet dissolution (p<0.05). The tablet's hardness was 3.65-5.01 KP; friability was 0.705%, disintegration time was <15 minutes, and dissolution was 84.61% in 40 minutes. The levels of the flavonoid quercetin in the tablets were 4.21% and 8.03% cinnamic acid. A tablet combination of C. burmannii bark and C. esculenta leaves extract with a PVP K30 concentration of 5% (F4) has the best quality.

DESIGN, FORMULATION, AND IN-VITRO EVALUATION OF IMMEDIATE RELEASE TABLET OF ETORICOXIB USING QUALITY BY DESIGN (QbD) APPROACH

Introduction: The current research aimed to formulate and evaluate the immediate-release tablet of etoricoxib. Etoricoxib belongs to BCS class II drugs; hence the solubility was enhanced using different techniques, thus achieving the dissolution of the drug. The formulation with maximum solubility enhancement was selected as the final formulation for the preparation of immediate-release tablets. Material and Methods: These tablets were prepared using the wet granulation technique. Sodium starch glycolate was used as a super disintegrant, microcrystalline cellulose was used as a binder, and sodium bicarbonate was used as effervescent material for the preparation of an immediate-release tablet. Different trial batches were prepared and the formulations were optimized using design expert software. The optimized formulation was prepared and evaluated for different post-compression parameters. Results and Discussion: The disintegration time was found to be 2 minutes 16 seconds and the percent cumulative drug release was found to be 90.30%. The pharmacokinetic behavior of the drug was studied and first-order kinetics was found to be the best fit model for immediate-release tablets. The accelerated stability study for the immediate-release tablet was carried out at 40℃ ±75% RH and different parameters were evaluated and were found within specified limits. Conclusion: Thus immediate release tablets of etoricoxib were found to be a promising candidate for the treatment of acute pain or arthritis.

Development and validation of HPLC method for simultaneous determination of amlodipine besylate, telmisartan and hydrochlorothiazide in combined tablets

A combination of three active ingredients amlodipine besylate, telmisartan and hydrochlorothiazide has been used and proven effective in the treatment of hypertension in patients with moderate to severe hypertension, while it contributes to a reduction in product costs and increases patient compliance. However, there are no monographs in pharmacopoeias for the simultaneous quantification of these three active ingredients. Therefore, in order to contribute to the establishment of an in-house specification for domestic generic drugs, shorten the time of quantifying each ingredient separately, the study was carried out with the aim of developing and validating procedure for the simultaneous quantification of amlodipine besylate, telmisartan and hydrochlorothiazide by high performance liquid chromatography. In this study, we conducted investigation into different chromatographic conditions, developed an analytical procedure for the simultaneous quantification of amlodipine besylate, telmisartan and hydrochlorothiazide in tablets preparation. The procedure was validated in compliance with ICH guidelines. Suitable chromatographic conditions for simultaneous quantification of amlodipine besylate, telmisartan and hydrochlorothiazide are: Xterra C18 column (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 μm), detection wavelength 230 nm, gradient program of mobile phase: acetonitrile and phosphate buffer pH 3.0, flow rate 1.0 ml/min, sample injection volume 10 μl, column temperature 30°C. The procedure was validated for systematic suitability, accuracy, specificity, linearity, precision, working range and robustness. A procedure for the simultaneous quantification of amlodipine besylate, telmisartan and hydrochlorothiazide in tablets by high performance liquid chromatography has been successfully developed and validated.

Formulation and characterization of metformin hydrochloride orodispersible tablets with super disintegrants

Metformin hydrochloride's fast onset of action is very desirable, making it a prime candidate for the preparation of orodispersible tablets in the present study. This medication is prescribed for the management of type 2 diabetes, which does not respond to insulin. The tablets were made using direct compression and a mixture of the super disintegrants sodium starch glycolate (SSG) and croscarmellose sodium (CCS). Mannitol is a sugar-based excipient that serves as a binding agent, dissolves well in water, and provides a pleasant mouth feel. The blend's pre-compression results show that the medication excipients work well together and have desirable compression characteristics. Eight distinct formulations with varying amounts of SSG, CCS, and Mannitol were made. The properties of the tablets' drug release were measured, including their in vitro disintegration time, water absorption ratio, mechanical stability, wetting time, and so on. When using a greater concentration of SSG, CCS, and Mannitol, formulations F4 and F8 showed shorter in vitro disintegration times of 10.2 and 7.8 ​s, respectively, and formulation F8 showed 99.65% in vitro drug release at the end of 30 ​min. The orodispersible tablet performance can be enhanced through direct compression using the super disintegrants inclusion methodology.

Indonesian Pharmacists' Application of Beyond-Use Date Interventions to Patients and Its Contributing Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Extemporaneous preparations are commonly used in Indonesia, hence, Beyond-Use Date (BUD) information needs to be delivered by pharmacists to patients to maximize drug stability and enhance safety. Objective: This study aims to evaluate BUD interventions carried out by Indonesian pharmacists. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used, while a validated and reliable questionnaire was given to the samples using the snowballing and purposive sampling methods. The sample criteria were Indonesian pharmacists who had experience serving patients' extemporaneous prescriptions and those that completed the questionnaire. The significance of the relationship between BUD interventions and samples' characteristics was evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: From the 221 total respondents, the majority admitted that they always provide BUD labeling on crushed tablets 46%, syrup 50.7%, and ointment 49.6% extemporaneous preparations. Similarly, most of the respondents also affirmed that they always provided BUD verbal information to patients on crushed tablets 66.8%, syrup 68%, and ointment 64% extemporaneous preparations. However, the remaining pharmacists, ranging from 32% to 54%, acknowledged that they did not always deliver both BUD labeling and verbal information to patients. Compared to the community-based, hospital pharmacists provided BUD labeling more frequently on all extemporaneous formulations as demonstrated by P < .05. Additionally, pharmacists found to work in Jakarta and the surrounding areas provided substantially more BUD labeling on crushed tablets and ointment (P < .05) compared to other workplace. Adult pharmacists also provided BUD labeling on crushed tablet formulations more often than the middle-aged (P < .05). Only the crushed tablet preparation was associated with the provision of BUD verbal information (P = .004). Conclusions: Based on the results, not all pharmacists verbally inform patients about BUDs nor provide drug labeling on various extemporaneous preparations. The determinant factors contributing to BUD labeling provisions were the type of practice, workplace location, and age. For the provision of verbal information, the only determinant factor was the type of practice.

Formulation and Characterization of Solid Tablets Using Solid Dispersion Matrix Technology: A Systematic Literature Review

The formulation of solid tablet preparations using solid dispersion matrix technology involves the selection of active ingredients, polymer matrices, fillers or enhancers, and lubricants. The active ingredient is the drug component that provides a therapeutic effect to the patient. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review study to explore the formulation and characterization of solid tablet dosage forms using solid dispersion matrix technology. The literature search process was carried out on various databases (PubMed, Web of Sciences, EMBASE, Cochrane Libraries, and Google Scholar) regarding the formulation and characterization of solid tablet preparations using solid dispersion matrix technology. This study follows the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) recommendations. Solid dispersion matrix technology is one of the approaches used in the formulation of pharmaceutical preparations, especially solid tablets, to achieve controlled and effective drug release. In this technology, the drug is dispersed homogeneously in a solid polymeric matrix, which acts as a binding agent. The basic principle of solid dispersion matrix technology is that the drug is delivered via gradual release from the polymer matrix.

FABRICATION AND RELEASE KINETICS OF PIPERAZINE CITRATE TABLETS USING NATURAL GUM

Objective: The objective of the present study was to formulate the piperazine citrate tablets using natural aloe vera gum as a binding agent and evaluate the tablets. Methods: The extracted aloe vera gum was used for the preparation of piperazine citrate tablets, and the binding characteristics are compared with an equivalent amount of acacia and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) in different formulations of piperazine citrate tablets. Three batches of piperazine citrate tablets were prepared using acacia (F1), NaCMC (F2), and aloe vera gum (F3) as binding agents. The assessment parameters that are used to evaluate the binding property were the hardness, friability, disintegration time, in vitro dissolution rate, and amount release study. The drug release kinetics of different formulations was determined. Results: The granules were evaluated by determining the angle of repose (25.39±0.13 to 26.23°±0.11°), bulk density (0.567±0.004 to 0.596±0.006 g/cm3), tapped density (0.672±0.006 to 0.717±0.007 g/cm3), Hausner ratio (1.185±0.03 to 1.211±0.016), and Carr’s index (15.62±0.021 to 17.48%±0.009%), which shows a satisfactory flow ability. The tablets were subjected to hardness (3±0.63 to 4±0.82 kg/cm2), friability (0.57±0.01 to 0.75%±0.001% w/w), disintegration time (14.78±0.23 to 20.02±0.11 min), and in vitro release studies. The drug release kinetics of different formulations was determined. Conclusion: As per the results, aloe vera gum has good binding properties and can be preferred over other binders and might be found to be a suitable binder in fast dissolving tablets formulation.

Bilayer Tablets: A Promising Novel Drug Delivery System

The bilayer tablet heralds a new chapter in the development of controlled-release formulations with a wide range of properties that result in an effective drug delivery technique. Controlled release dosage forms have been commonly used to increase the treatment of a variety of important drugs. Uses of bilayer tablets for anti-inflammatory and analgesic purposes are a unique feature. Bilayer tablets are useful for releasing two medications in sequence, separating two incompatible chemicals, and creating a sustained-release tablet with the first layer of immediate-release as the initial dose and the second layer as the maintenance dose. The bilayer tablet is a more modern technology that corrects the flaws of single-layer tablets. The objective of this paper is to highlight the obstacles that arise during the preparation of bilayer tablets, as well as to suggest solutions to these issues. To better comprehend bilayer tablets, kinds such as single side press, double side press, and bilayer tablet displacement press are discussed, as well as uses, pros, and disadvantages. Its drug companies have become more interested in mixing two or more APIs (active pharmaceutical ingredients) in a single dosage form to improve patient convenience and compliance throughout the last decade. Many pharmaceutical industries are now working on bi-layer tablets for a variety of purposes, including patent extension, therapeutics, and advertising. This article provides an introduction of bilayer tablet technology, highlighting the key benefits of this type of oral dosage form while also describing current issues and developments in production techniques and the quality of products. The current report covers a variety of elements of bilayer tablets.

Formulation Development and Characterization of Vancomycin Hydrochloride Colon-Targeted Tablets Using In-Situ Polyelectrolyte Complexation Technique

Introduction: Vancomycin hydrochloride (VH) is an amphoteric glycopeptide antibiotic used to manage enterocolitis and pseudomembranous colitis. However, VH is prone to proteolytic degradation in the stomach, thus obscuring the drug entry into the colon. Colon-targeted drug delivery can prevent gastric degradation and localise the drug in the colon. &#x0D; Methodology: The applicability of in situ polyelectrolyte complexation technique using the polymers Chitosan, Karaya gum, and Hupu gum at various concentrations along with enteric coating using Eudragit S100 was studied for the preparation of colon-targeted tablets of VH.&#x0D; Colon-targeted tablets of VH are developed by incorporating natural polymers like chitosan, karaya gum, and hupu gum at different concentrations such that in-situ polyelectrolyte complex is formed and the formulations were then coated with Eudragit S100(6%, 8%, and 10% weight gain) to release the drug in a controlled manner in the colon. &#x0D; Results: Prepared formulations were subjected to in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo evaluation studies. Out of all the prepared formulations, the formulation H2C10 prepared with 10:2 PEC and 10% Eudragit S100 coating has shown a sufficient lag time of 2 hours in 0.1N HCl, 3 hours of lag time in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer and has shown a 100.02% drug release at 22 hours in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer. &#x0D; Conclusion: The research results suggested that a colon-targeted drug delivery system of VH can decrease drug degradation and achieve higher concentrations in the colon to provide more therapeutic benefits.

Preparation, Characterization and Optimization of Sustained Release Matrix Tablets of Repaglinide using Box–Behnken Design

The aim of this investigation was to develop and optimize the Sustained release Matrix formulations of Repaglinide (RLD) using response surface methodology by employing a 3-factor, 3-level Box–Behnken statistical design. The independent variables studied were the amount of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC K4M), Ethyl cellulose (EC) and PVP K30. The Swelling index (Y1), drug release at 8 hr and 12hr were the target responses. The response surface methodology and multiple response optimizations utilizing a polynomial equation were used to search for the optimal formulation with a specific release rate at different time intervals. The results showed that the effect of combination of HPMC K4M and EC was the most influencing factor on the drug release from ER matrix tablets. The mechanism of drug release from RLD Matrix tablets was dependent on the added amount of EC. Validation of the optimization technique demonstrated the reliability of the model. The optimized formulation containing 50mg of HPMC K4, 35mg of EC, and 30mg of PVP K30 was prepared according to the software determined levels. DSC and FTIR studies combined with the stability study of the optimized formulation proved the integrity of the developed formulation. The Box–Behnken experimental design facilitated the formulation and optimization of extended release hydrophilic matrix systems of RLD in a short period of time and with the fewest number of experiments. The optimized Matrix tablet of Repaglinide showed good pharmacokinetic result over conventional formulation.

ENTERIC AND FOAM-FORMING RABEPRAZOLE TABLETS

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is considered the main cause of gastroduodenal diseases. For the eradication of Helicobacter, triple therapy is actively used, the so-called "Gold standard", which combines antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors. Among the innovative delivery systems for the gastroenterological drug formulationsfoams appear to be of particular interest.Foams are light systems. Unlike solid medicationforms, theyare not simply depositedin the gastrointestinal mucosa, on the contrary, they grow in volume,have a large contact surface, completely cover the mucous membrane, and penetrate it. Targeted delivery, enteric-soluble and foam-forming tablets have been developed from the "Gold standard"ingredients with a significant amount of antacids. The study aimed to determine the composition of enteric-coated and foam-forming rabeprazole sodium tablets and process &nbsp;their &nbsp;technology. Based on biopharmaceutical research, the optimal composition of foam-forming powder has beenformulated as an auxiliary substance for the preparation of foam-forming tablets, with the following composition: sodium lauryl sulfate, lecithin, and METHOCEL™ E6 PLV (0.75:1.25:5) 7%, Xanthan, and guar gum in a ratio of &nbsp;1:1 - 2%, Isomalt 10%. Based on biopharmaceutical studies, the formulations of enteric-soluble and foam-forming core,tabletcoating composition, and manufacturing technologyof rabeprazolehave beendrawn up. The physical, chemical, and technological properties of foam-forming and enteric-coated rabeprazole tablets have been studied. And, we have ascertainedthat the technology appliedfor their manufacturing meets the quality requirements of this medication: its appearance, dosing accuracy, mechanical strength, solubility, foaming, stability, etc. The dissolution profile of rabeprazole tablets, generated at pH 1.2 and 6.8,has been studied. We have ascertainedthat Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API)is almost 100% resistant to the acidic environment: the amount of API released during 2 hours in the acid area is insignificant and varies within 3%. The API of the tablet is completely released within 30 min at pH 6.

Optimisation of lozenge formulation from Citronella (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle) extract with various binding materials using a simplex lattice design method

Background: Antibacterial and antifungal activities of citronella grass extract are widely used, but there is no pleasant dosage form for patients who are unable to swallow. Citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle) extract lozenges were prepared with wet granulation method containing natural or synthetic polymer (PGA/PVP/gelatin) binders. Objective: This study aimed to determine the most optimal lozenge formula using the simplex lattice design method with Design Expert software 13.0.0. Methods: The extract was made using maceration method with 70% ethanol as solvent. Furthermore, the preparation of tablets and physical, chemical and stability tests were performed. Results: The results of the physical test showed that Formula IV with a ratio of PGA:PVP:Gelatin of 0.5:0.5:0 was optimal with a hardness value of 48.85 ± 0.46 kg/cm2, dissolving time of 684 ± 7 seconds, and friability value of 0.31 ± 0.136%. Chemical testing by the total phenolic content of the extract using the Folin-Ciocalteu method at a wavelength of 750 nm obtained a 78.262 mgGAE/gram extract. Moreover, the optimal tablet obtained a 0.063 ± 0.027 mgGAE/gram extract, and stability testing at room temperature for 28 days found that the obtained lozenges were stable. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the combination of PGA (natural polymer) and PVP (synthetic polymer) binders with a ratio of 1:1 can produce optimal and stable citronella grass extract lozenges.

Preparation and Evaluation of Pioglitazone Tablet by Solid Dispersion Technique

Pioglitazone is an oral hypoglycemic drug, used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The main objectives of this study were to improve aqueous solubility of Pioglitazone by preparing its solid dispersion by fusion method using various carriers that will improve its absorption and subsequent bioavailability. The prepared tablets (TF1-TF5) were evaluated for various parameters i.e.shape and size, weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration time, drug content etc. The prepared tablet passed all the tests.Finally, it can be concluded that solid dispersion of Pioglitazone may be prepared to improve its solubility and dissolution. This will lead to better absorption and hence improved bioavailability of the drug (Pioglitazone).

Preparation of sustained-release tablets using a solventless-mixing tablet coating technique: Particle design of dry ammonioalkyl methacrylate copolymer latex with high coating performance using sodium lauryl sulfate

The aim of this study was to produce sustained-release tablets by V-shaped blending of polymer and tablets without using solvents or heating, and we investigated the design of polymer particles with high coating performance by modifying the structure of the particles using sodium lauryl sulfate. Dry-latex particles of ammonioalkyl methacrylate copolymer were prepared by adding the surfactant into aqueous latex, followed by freeze drying. The resulting dry latex was mixed with tablets (1:10) using a blender and the resulting coated tablets were characterized. Tablet coating by the dry latex was promoted as the weight ratio of surfactant to polymer increased. At a surfactant ratio of 5%, deposition of the dry latex was most effective and the resulting coated tablets (annealed at 60 °C/75%RH for 6 h) exhibited sustained-release characteristics over a period of 2 h. The addition of SLS prevented coagulation of colloidal polymer in the freeze drying, resulting in a loose-structured dry latex. This latex was easily pulverized by V-shaped blending with tablets and the resulting fine particles with high adhesiveness were deposited on the tablets. However, at a surfactant ratio of 10%, the coating of dry latex decreased due to reduced adhesiveness.