Ingestion Of Tablets Research Articles

KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE STUDY ON ANTENATAL CARE DURING PREGNANCY IN PREGNANT FEMALES OF RURAL AREA OF HINGNA, MAHARASHTRA.

Introduction: Antenatal care is the backbone of mother and child's good health. Pregnant females should be well aware about the components of antenatal care and how it will shape her and her baby's future in the best possible way. Methods: A cross sectional study was done on rural population of Hingna at Shalini tai meghe hospital and Datta Meghe Medical College to study the level of knowledge, attitude and practise of antental care among pregnant females. Total 217 patients were included in the study, they were given predesigned questionnaire. Results: Out of 217 , maximum patients 159(73.27%) were between 19- 30 years of age, maximum number of patients , 101 (46.54%) had taken primary schooling ,more number of patients 118, (54.37%) had per month income between 5000-15000 rupee, 145 females (66.82%) were multigravida and 67 females (30.87%) were primigravida ,29 patients( 19.33%) had previous home delivery, 189,(87.09%) were aware about the need and the importance of visiting hospital during anc period ,176 (81.10%) were knowing the importance of taking iron and folic acid medicines during pregnancy .132 patients (60.82%) and 112 patients (51.61%) were aware about the signicance of measurement of weight/height and blood pressure in pregnancy respectively. 193 patients (88.94%) were willing to have proper anc care. Only (58.06%), 126 patients were willing for some family planning methods and 91 patients (41.93%) denied. 98.61% , 214 were ready to deliver in the hospital. 87.09% knew about the importance of regular anc check up but in practice only 67.74% i.e 147 patients registered before 12 weeks and 44.23% i.e 96 females had minimum 4 anc visits. 93.08% patients knew about the signicance of ultrasonography, but only 74.65% , i.e 162 females had done minimum 3 ultrasonography. While 81.10% had fair attitude regarding intake of folic acid and iron tablets, in reality only 56.68% i.e 123 patients had been taking iron and folic acid regularly. 50.23%, 109 females had planned delivery with use of contraceptives. Conclusion: Though the knowledge was substantial about the antenatal care services among pregnant women, the level of attitude and practise needs to improve. Family support and good level of education is needed to improve the knowledge and adopt good antenatal practices.

Application of Lactobaillus salivarius WB21 to the Oral Care of Healthy Older Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Comparative Study.

Objective: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover comparative study was conducted in a healthy older population to assess the usefulness of Lactobacillus salivarius WB21 (WB21) ingestion for oral self-care. Methods: The study population included 33 healthy older individuals who were randomly divided into two groups (A and B). Group A consumed WB21 tablets during the first two months and placebo tablets during the following two months. Group B consumed placebo tablets during the first two months and WB21 tablets during the following two months. Before and after ingestion, oral examination, mouth odor test, and saliva collection were performed a total of four times. In addition, health conditions were obtained from a questionnaire survey at the study’s midpoint. Results: Two people in group A and one person in group B dropped out of the study. Thus, 15 people in group A and 15 people in group B were included in the analysis. Over two months of WB21 ingestion, salivary secretory IgA increased significantly (p = 0.047) and tongue coating score decreased significantly (p = 0.013). The plaque index, bleeding on probing, and mouth odor levels (H2S and CH3SH concentrations) did not change. During the 6-month study period, no caries, deterioration of periodontitis, or changes in oral health or systemic subjective symptoms were observed. Conclusion: Continuous ingestion of WB21-containing tablets may promote self-care of the teeth and mouths of healthy older adults. Trial registration: R000028335 (UMIN-CTR).

Adherence to isoniazid preventive therapy and its determinants among people living with HIV

Aims: To determine adherence levels to Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) and the factors influencing it in people living with HIV (PLHIV). Materials and Methods: An institution based descriptive longitudinal study was conducted from September 2017 to June 2019 to assess the level of adherence to IPT and its determinants among HIV patients. A total of 320 participants were included from the associated ART centres. Adherence was defined as completion of the 6-month course of treatment with 80% pills taken and was measured by self -report of intake of tablets. Proforma and a semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect all the relevant information. Questionnaire covered aspects on TB treatment and care, HIV related stigma, medical provider relations, social support and socioeconomic status. Data was analysed using SPSS version 11.5. Results/ Discussion: IPT Adherence rate was 83.75 %. Of the 320 patients, 268 were adherent. Isoniazid related side effects were reported by 50 people, 33 of whom were withdrawn. Prior history of TB was noted in 43 people. Patients cited counselling and physician’s advice on IPT intake as one of the main reasons for good adherence. Forgetfulness was the most common reason for missed pills.

PRESCRIBED ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS IN PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT ITS “ESCAPE’’ PHENOMENON

Objective: To identify the percentage of antihypertensive therapy (AHT) groups prescription in patients with and without delayed inefficiency of AHT (“escape’’phenomenon). Design and method: The study included 102 hypertensive patients (52 male, age 54.2 ± 9.8 years), whom were assigned 2–3 agents from various AHT group.In 2–3 weeks after therapy initiation (with the single correction if needed), all participants achieved the target blood pressure (BP). The latter was confirmed by office BP measurement (office BP) (<140/90mmHg, oscillometric method, OMRON, Japan), and by 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) (mean 24-hour BP < 130/80mmHg, oscillometric method, BPLab, Russia). In 1 and 3 months after inclusion, the efficacy of AHT was reassessed by both measurement methods. The “escape’’ phenomenon was verified when BP became higher target by any method in any reassessment time. Adherence was calculated as the ratio of the number of correct medication intake days to the number of follow-up days multiplied by 100%. Results: 34 patients (33.3%) demonstrated the ‘escape’ phenomenon (Group 1), while BP level in 68 (66.7%) patients remained target (Group 2). There weren’t differences in the cardiovascular (CV) risk factors between groups (Table 1). Both groups received primarily fixed combinations of AHT, which resulted in 1.9 ± 0.7 tablets intake per day. There was comparably high adherence to treatment in groups (89.2 ± 3.8% in group 1, 90.2 ± 5.0% in group 2,p = 0.28). When comparing the percentage of different AHT groups, there was no difference revealed between groups, with the exception of more frequent ARA-II prescription in Group 1 (Table 2). Nevertheless, although in both groups the target BP levels were achieved, the BP in the Group 1 was higher already at the stage of inclusion (Table 2). Moreover, baseline systolic BP was found to be an ‘escape’ phenomenon predictor in univariate logistic regression model (for office BP: systolic BP> 128mmHg (OR 3.43 (95%CI 1.39–8.47,p < 0.00), for ABPM: 24-systolic BP> 124mmHg (OR 25.81 (95%CI 5.61–119.11,p < 0.00). Further studies on ‘escape’ phenomenon issue in patients with ARA-II intake are required. A higher frequency of ARA-II usage in the ‘escape’ group is likely due to overestimation of the continuing BP decline in 2–3 weeks after ARA-II prescription.

Micronutrient Status and Select Characteristics of Adolescents: Results From a School Nutrition Program in Bangladesh

ObjectivesTo describe select characteristics of adolescent girls and boys and micronutrient status of adolescent girls at baseline prior to starting a school nutrition intervention. MethodsGirls (n = 2244) and boys (n = 773) in grades 8–9 attending 74 schools participated in a baseline survey including questions on individual and household characteristics, nutrition knowledge and experience and dietary diversity. Venous blood was collected from girls for micronutrient status assessment. Iron status was assessed using inflammation-adjusted serum ferritin. Vitamin A status was based on retinol binding protein. Folate status was defined using serum and red blood cell folate (RBCF). In-school observations of WASH infrastructure resources and drinking water quality testing were conducted. All estimates accounted for clustering. ResultsGirls and boys, respectively, had ever heard of anemia 34% and 27%, iron-folic acid (IFA) tablets 31% and 14%, deworming tablets 84% and 85% and worm infestation 49% and 52%. Reported IFA use in the last month and deworming tablet intake in the last 6 months were 4% and 1% and 81% and 86%, among girls and boys, respectively. Mean dietary diversity score suggested adequacy among girls (5.2) and boys (5.3) with 63%–68% having scores > 5, and 36%–39% consuming rich sources of heme iron. Adolescents perceived the existence of iron in household tubewell (21%–24%), with 5–9% describing the taste, smell, or color of rust in drinking water. The prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies and severity varied: anemia 24.7%, iron deficiency 9.1%, iron deficiency anemia 3.9%, vitamin A deficiency 3.3%, RBCF insufficiency 76.1%, risk of RBCF deficiency 8.9%, RBCF deficiency 2.5%, and serum folate deficiency 9.5%. In schools, 70% met the sustainable development goals (SDG) indicator for basic drinking water service, 59% of all sampled drinking water sources complied with WHO standards for E. coli, 42% met the SDG indicator for basic sanitation service, and 3% met the SDG indicator for basic hygiene service. ConclusionsThe baseline results show variable awareness and coverage of interventions, adequate dietary diversity, micronutrient deficiencies among girls, and room for improvement to achieve SDG basic WASH services and reduce E coli. contamination of drinking water sources in schools. Funding SourcesNutrition International, Ottawa, Canada.

Using Data to Improve Iron Folic Acid (IFA) Tablet Intake Among Pregnant Women (PW) in Boucle Du Mouhoun (BdM) and Hauts Hassins (HB) Regions of Burkina Faso

Abstract Objectives To improve IFA tablet intake among PW in BdM and HB regions through evidence-based design and management of a facility-based antenatal care (ANC) intervention. Methods Mixed methods were used to design and collect data on the ANC intervention aiming to improve IFA tablet intakes among PW. Formative research from May 2019 to understand barriers of optimal IFA tablet intake as well as baseline results from December 2019 were used to design the intervention. In intervention areas, health system managers took corrective actions using data from weekly IFA stock surveillance, routine information system (PW attending the 1st ANC visit within the 1st trimester, adequate number of IFA tablets provided), exit interviews (percentage of PW who heard about IFA importance and how to manage side effects) during regular review meetings, . The endline survey was conducted in February 2021. Results Formative research data showed PW started the first ANC visits late due to misperceptions and ANC provider practices. Stock-outs occurred, and numbers of IFA tablets received were insufficient to meet daily intake needs until the next ANC visit. IFA counseling did not address personal barriers. The intervention was designed to strengthen the health system to address those barriers. Using routine data, decisions were taken to allow prevent stock-out (reallocate stock between facilities, directly supply those in pre-stock-out without waiting monthly period, mutualize logistics to supply several facilities simultaneously), provide ANC before the 4th month, provide 10-day dose margin between two ANC visits, reinforce counseling on importance of IFA and tips to manage side effects. These decisions were followed up during supervision. Endline data showed IFA service improvement and impact in uptake. In intervention areas, PW who took 180 + IFA tablets increased (9.2% to 23.7%). Conclusions Strategic use of data to design and manage nutrition programs helps effectively address the main barriers, take timely corrective actions during implementation. Funding Sources Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation through Alive & Thrive, managed by FHI Solutions.

Clinical and pharmacological characteristics in plasma and mononuclear blood cells in patients with coronary heart disease and low statin tolerance

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): Vestre Viken Hospital Trust Background Statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) cover a broader range of clinical presentations, with normal or mildly elevated creatine kinase (CK) in blood, and is a prevalent challenge in clinical practice. Our understanding of the pathophysiology of SAMS remains largely unknown. Purpose To gain new knowledge on the molecular effects of atorvastatin in plasma and blood cells in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and SAMS, and to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers for statin-dependent SAMS. Methods In 2019, 71 consecutively recruited CHD patients with self-perceived SAMS were randomised to 7-weeks double-blinded treatment with atorvastatin 40 mg/day and placebo in a crossover design. The primary outcome was individual mean difference in muscle symptom intensity between treatment periods, measured weekly with a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) (0= no to 10=maximal symptoms). Twenty patients were categorised as having statin-dependent SAMS and the remaining as non-SAMS. During trial and post-trial follow-up period, a subgroup of statin-dependent SAMS, who did not tolerate statins (N=7) or only rosuvastatin 5mg/day (N=2) was identified. Atorvastatin metabolites in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were measured with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in blood drawn two hours after tablet intake at the last day of the atorvastatin treatment period. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS. Results Clinical and pharmacological characteristics in patients with low statin-tolerance (N=9) and those without (N=62) are summarised in Figure 1. The reduction in LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) from the placebo period to the atorvastatin period was significantly lower in the group with low statin tolerance, despite confirmed adherence to allocated treatment. The ratio between the sum of all atorvastatin- lactones and acids (SumLactones/SumAcids) was significantly higher in the group with low statin tolerance both in plasma and PBMC analyses compared to those who tolerated statins. The atorvastatin lactone and acid ratio (AL/AA) was borderline significant in both plasma and PBMC. ROC-analyses of these four variables are displayed in Figure 2. Areas under the curves (AUCs) are 0.71 for the sumLactones/sumAcids both in plasma and PBMC, and 0.69 for the AL/AS in plasma and PBMC. There were no significant differences between the groups regarding age, gender or known pharmacogenetic variants (CYP3A and SLCO1B1) or in the differences in creatine kinase (CK) level between the atorvastatin and placebo treatment periods. Conclusions The ratio between atorvastatin lactones and acids in plasma and in mononuclear blood cells is associated with low statin tolerance in patients with CHD. Excess lactone relative to acid metabolites may be involved in the pathophysiology of SAMS. Future studies in muscle tissue may further elucidate the relationship between SAMS and atorvastatin metabolites and other biomarkers in these patients.

The Effectiveness of Iron-folic Acid Supplementation and Education Intervention to Hemoglobin Level, Knowledge, and Compliance among Adolescent Girls in Islamic Boarding School

Abstract
 BACKGROUND: Adolescent girls are at a high risk of iron deficiency anemia. Weekly iron-folic acid supplementation (WIFAS) is recommended to address anemia, but it is still ineffective to reduce the prevalence of anemia in Indonesia. Lack of knowledge and low adherence are the factors associated with the problem.
 AIM: The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of education-combined WIFAS intervention compared to WIFAS intervention, and to identify the compliance of iron-folic acid tablets intake.
 METHODS: A quasi-experimental study was carried out on November 2020 to March 2021. By simple random sampling, a total of 135 adolescent girls in islamic boarding schools in Semarang, Indonesia were divided into two groups: WIFAS group only received WIFAS and the WIFAS+Education group received combination of WIFAS and education intervention for 16 weeks. Hemoglobin level was measured by Cyanmethemoglobin method. The knowledge and compliance were determined through the questionnaires. Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon, and McNemar tests were performed to analyze the effect of intervention by SPSS 22 software.
 RESULTS: Mean of Hb levels and knowledge scores before and after intervention in the WIFAS group were 13.38 g/dL and 13.08 g/dL (p=0.055); and 79.08 and 76.21 (p=0.93), respectively, meanwhile in the WIFAS+Education group were 12.79 g/dL and 12.69 g/dL (p=0.248); and 78.67 and 82.10 (p=0.008), respectively. The increases of anemia prevalence both in the WIFAS group and the WIFAS+Education group was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference of the compliance both groups (p=0.095).
 CONCLUSION: Education intervention was effective to increase the knowledge regarding anemia and nutrition. The education intervention to trustees of islamic boarding school is needed to increase the compliance of WIFAS, so it can improve the effectiveness of WIFAS among adolescent girls.

HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN IBU HAMIL TENTANG KONSUMSI TABLET FE DENGAN KEJADIAN ANEMIA

Iron in pregnant women is a health problem experienced by women around the world. WHO also reports that the prevalence of pregnant women who experience iron deficiency is around 35-75% and increases with increasing gestational age 2021. The aims of the study is to know the relationship of knowledge level of pregnant women about fe tablet consumption with anemia events. This type of researchis quantitative with a descriptive correlation design, which uses a cross sectional study approach. The place of this research was carried out in Pulau Simardan Village, Tanjungbalai City in 2021, the data collection tool used was a questionnaire. The population in this study amounted to 40 people so that the entire population was used as a sample. The results of this study indicate that the majority of pregnant women's level of knowledge about the consumption of Fe tablets is in the sufficient category, as many as 22 people (55%). The majority of pregnant women did not experience anemia, as many as 22 people (55%). There is a significant relationship between the level of knowledge about the consumption of Fe tablets with the incidence of anemia in Pulau Simardan Village, Tanjungbalai City in 2021, the results of the Chi-Square test obtained p value = 0.000 (p <0.05). It is hoped that the puskesmas will naturally increase the outreach activities about the benefits of Fe tablets and the dangers of anemia in pregnancy so as to increase the knowledge of pregnant women. Pregnant women in Pulau Simardan Village are expected to maintain food intake and consumption of Fe tablets during pregnancy so as to reduce the risk of anemia during pregnancy

Clinical Pharmacology of Spironolactone

Spironolactone and two of its metabolites (7a-thiomethyl-spironolactone) and canrenone are aldosterone antagonists that bind to cytoplasmic mineralocorticoid receptors in the distal tubules of the kidney and promote sodium and water excretion as well as potassium retention. Spironolactone, after oral tablet intake, reaches a maximum concentration in 2.6 hrs and an active metabolite (canrenone) reaches a maximum concentration in 4.3 hrs. When taken with food, its bioavailability increases to ~95%. Spironolactone has a half-life of 1.6 hrs, while its metabolite, canrenone, has a half-life of 16.5 hrs, thus prolonging the biological effects of spironolactone. Spironolactone and eplerenone compete with aldosterone for binding to intracellular receptors, causing decreased gene expression and reduced synthesis of protein mediator that activates Na+ channels in the apical membrane and decreased the number of Na+ / K +ATPase pumps in basolateral membrane. Side effects of spironolactone can cause side effects, such as fluid and electrolyte imbalance (hyperkalemia, hyponatremia), mild acidosis, and transient elevation of serum urea nitrogen. Spironolactone used as diuresis in congestive heart failure, ascites, oedema, and nephritic syndrome reduction of hypokalemia induced by other diuretics or amphotericin; primary hyperaldosteronism. Coadministration of diuretics (spironolactone) with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs escalated the pitfall of nephrotoxicity and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs deescalate the hypotensive effect of diuretics.

Treatment of parenterally transmittable viral hepatitis

Die parenteral übertragbaren Hepatitiden B/D und C und deren Komplikationen sind sowohl weltweit als auch in Deutschland ein nicht zu unterschätzendes Problem. Aufgrund der hohen Dunkelziffer, einer weiteren Verbreitung, insbesondere durch Drogenmissbrauch, steigender Prävalenzen im Rahmen der Immigration sowie einer pandemiebedingten verzögerten Diagnostik stellt die Identifizierung der erkrankten und somit potenziell infektiösen Patienten eine große Herausforderung für das Gesundheitswesen dar. Therapeutisch stehen sowohl bei der Hepatitis B als auch der Hepatitis C hochwirksame, praktisch nebenwirkungsfreie Therapiekonzepte mit einer einmal täglichen Tabletteneinnahme zur Verfügung. Für die Hepatitis B handelt es sich in der Mehrzahl der Fälle um eine Dauertherapie zur Suppression der Replikation, während es bei der Hepatitis C innerhalb weniger Wochen zur Viruselimination kommt. Ein neues Therapiekonzept mit Hemmung der Virusaufnahme zur Behandlung der Hepatitis D steht seit September 2020 erstmals zur Verfügung. Für alle Patienten gilt, dass bei einem eingetretenen fortgeschrittenen Leberschaden oder gar einer Leberzirrhose langfristig eine weitere Überwachung insbesondere zum Ausschluss eines Leberzellkarzinoms notwendig ist.

Accidental Flibanserin Ingestion in Children Causing Acute Respiratory and Central Nervous System Depression: What Health Care Professionals Need to Know.

This commentary serves to raise awareness for health care professionals about the potential risks of accidental ingestion of flibanserin tablets by children. Flibanserin was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of acquired generalized hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women. Since its approval in 2015, the FDA has identified five reports of serious accidental ingestion by toddlers. All five children, boys with ages ranging from 18 months to 2 years, presented with central nervous system and respiratory depression, and two of them required intubation. A combination of hypertension, hyperthermia, and seizure-like activity was also seen in four of the five children. The clinical manifestation resembles serotonin syndrome (eg, tachycardia, hypertension, and muscle stiffness). As flibanserin use increases, greater awareness by health care professionals regarding the risk of accidental pediatric ingestion is needed to facilitate preventative counseling for patients with young children.

Drospirenone 4 mg in a 24/4 regimen maintains inhibition of ovulation even after a 24-h delay pill intake - Pharmacological aspects and comparison to other progestin-only pills.

This review focuses on the pharmacological and inhibition of the ovulation of progestin-only, estrogen-free contraceptive containing drospirenone in a dosage of 4 mg in a regimen 24/4. The USA and European regulatory authorities have approved it. The molecule has anti-gonadotropic, anti-mineralocorticoid, anti-estrogenic, and antiandrogenic properties. This regime improves the bleeding profile, maintains the plasma E2 levels comparable to the menstrual cycle's early follicular phase, avoids hypoestrogenism, and preserves efficacy despite forgetting the tablet intake as drospirenone has a half lifetime of 30-34 hours. Clinical studies have shown good efficacy, very low cardiovascular side effects, and high acceptability and maintenance of ovulation inhibition after scheduled 24-h delays in pill intake. The molecule is compared to other POP like levonorgestrel or desogestrel.

Effects of yogurt as a deglutition aid on disintegration and dissolution of oral tablets.

Patients with dysphagia have difficulty swallowing oral medications. Swallowing aid foods, such as deglutition aid jellies and food thickeners, are often used to help such patients take oral medications. Yogurt is occasionally used to help swallow medications. It is also advantageous as it is nutritious and easy to swallow. However, the influence of yogurt on the pharmacokinetics of oral medications is poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to evaluate yogurt as a potential swallowing aid for the intake of oral tablets, by comparing the physical properties and effects of yogurt on disintegration and dissolution profiles of various oral tablets with deglutition aid jelly and xanthan gum‐based food thickener. Yogurt and the food thickener were found to extend the disintegration time of several tablets; however, this increase was unremarkable. Although dissolution of magnesium oxide tablets decreased by 6%, 14%, and 25% after immersion in deglutition aid jelly, food thickener, and yogurt, respectively, at 15 min, this impact on dissolution reduced over time (dissolution rates of all samples at 120 min were over 90%). Rheological measurements showed that yogurt and food thickeners have a weak gel structure and therefore have better fluidity than deglutition aid jelly. The adhesiveness and dynamic viscosity of yogurt were higher than those of the food thickener, which delayed tablet disintegration and reduced the dissolution rate. However, these effects were not substantial. We can thus conclude that yogurt may be a useful swallowing aid for patients with deglutition disorders who take oral medications.

Correlation between Consumption Food Sources of Iron and Intake of Iron Tablet on Anemia Cases in Pregnant Women at Bulili Public Health Center

Anemia in pregnancy can increase the risk of low birth weight babies, miscarriage, birth prematurely, the risk of bleeding before and/or during delivery which can cause death to mother and baby. This study aims to know the correlation between consumption of food sources of iron and intake of iron tablets on anemia cases in pregnant women at Bulili Public Health Center. This type of research is analytic with a cross-sectional approach. The sample in this study was 39 pregnant women. The data were obtained from interviews and checking hemoglobin levels. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate analysis with the Chi-Square test. The results showed that consumption food sources of iron at Bulili Public Health Center in the rare category (51,3%), intake of iron tablets in the low category (51,3%), and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women (48,7%). While the correlation between consumption food sources of iron (ρ-value= 0,037) and intake of iron tablets (ρ-value= 0,001) on anemia cases in pregnant women at Bulili Public Health Center. The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between the consumption of food sources of iron and the intake of iron tablets on anemia cases in pregnant women at Bulili Public Health Center.

Assessment of Post-operative Pain after using EdgeFile X7 and Protaper Next Rotary Systems in Patients with Symptomatic Pulpitis in Mandibular Molars: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence of post-operative pain and analgesics intake after single-visit endodontic treatment using Edge File X7 and ProTaper Next (PTN) rotary files in mandibular molars having symptomatic pulpitis. METHODS: The study included 60 patients complaining of symptomatic pulpitis in mandibular molar teeth. After confirming the diagnosis clinically and radiographically, patients were assigned into two equal groups; Group (I): Instrumentation was done with Edge File X7 (EF) rotary files and Group (II): Instrumentation was done with PTN rotary files. The patients underwent standardized single visit endodontic treatment procedures using 2.5% sodium hypochlorite for irrigation. Modified visual analogue scale was used to access pain preoperatively, and then postoperatively after 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. An analgesic (ibuprofen 400 mg) was prescribed to the patient who suffered from persistent pain. The incidence and/or number of analgesic tablets intake were recorded. Data of pain score were compared using Mann–Whitney U test for intergroup comparisons and Freidman’s test followed by Dunn’s post hoc test for intragroup comparisons. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was detected between EF and PTN groups regarding the incidence and intensity of pain at different time intervals (p > 0.05). There was a significant reduction in the mean VAS score through the follow-up periods in both groups (p < 0.001). The incidence of analgesic intake was not significant in both groups. CONCLUSION: The incidence of post-operative pain and the analgesic intake in terms of frequency and quantity were found to be similar with both rotary systems for all the post-operative time points.

Comparative Evaluation of Preemptive and Preventive Analgesic Effect of Oral Ibuprofen in Single Visit Root Canal Treatment- A Prospective Randomised Pilot Study.

ObjectiveAdequate pain management is an essential key to success in endodontics. The present study aimed to evaluate the postoperative pain levels and analgesic intake on preemptive versus preventive oral administration of ibuprofen in single visit root canal treatment.MethodsA total of 100 participants presented with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and with severe baseline pain scores were selected for the study. The participants were randomly allocated into two groups as follows: Group I: preemptive group (n=50), Group II: preventive group (n=50). Participants in group I were administered preoperatively with 600 mg of ibuprofen tablet 1 hour before the procedure, whereas in group II, participants were administered only with a placebo preoperatively. The treatment was finished in a single visit, and 200 mg ibuprofen tablet was administered every eight hours in both groups. The participants were asked to take tablets only when required and evaluated for pain scores and analgesic intake at 6, 24, 48, 72 hour intervals.ResultsThere was a statistically significant decrease (P<0.05) in both the pain levels and tablet intake in the preemptive group compared to the preventive group at 6, 24, 48 and 72 hours. Preemptive group was beneficial in reducing postoperative pain scores and analgesic intake at all time intervals.ConclusionPreemptive analgesic administration seems beneficial in reducing postoperative pain levels and analgesic intake in single visit root canal treatment.

Factors Related to The Status Ced (Chronic Energy Deficiency) of Pregnant Woman

Abstract Background: Insufficient nutritional intake in pregnant womencan causeChronic Energy Deficiency (CED). Chronic Energy Deficiency is aconditionwhere a person suffers from a long or chronic lack of intake or food so that itcan lead to the onset of anemia of health problems (Susilowati,2016). Objective:To find out what factors are related to the status of CED (Chronic EnergyDeficiency) of fregnant women at PMB Lismarini Palembang City in 2021.Methods: This study used a descriptive survey method with a cross sectionaldesign. This research was carried out at PMB Lismarini Palembang City. Thesamples of this study was 57 respondents who were pregnant women, with atotal sampling technique. Results: Based on the Chi Square test statistical, thefactors associated with the CED (Chronic Energy Deficiency) status of pregnantwomen with significant result were Fe tablets intake (p=0,015), ANC frequency(p= 0,03) and family support (p=0,00). Conclusion: There is an effect of Fetablet intake, ANC visit and family support on the CED (Chronic EnergyDeficiency) status of pregnant women at PMB Lismarini Palembang City in2021.&#x0D; Keywords: CED (Chronic Energy Deficiency) status, pregnant women

Factors Related to The Status Ced (Chronic Energy Deficiency) of Pregnant Woman

Abstract Background: Insufficient nutritional intake in pregnant womencan causeChronic Energy Deficiency (CED). Chronic Energy Deficiency is aconditionwhere a person suffers from a long or chronic lack of intake or food so that itcan lead to the onset of anemia of health problems (Susilowati,2016). Objective:To find out what factors are related to the status of CED (Chronic EnergyDeficiency) of fregnant women at PMB Lismarini Palembang City in 2021.Methods: This study used a descriptive survey method with a cross sectionaldesign. This research was carried out at PMB Lismarini Palembang City. Thesamples of this study was 57 respondents who were pregnant women, with atotal sampling technique. Results: Based on the Chi Square test statistical, thefactors associated with the CED (Chronic Energy Deficiency) status of pregnantwomen with significant result were Fe tablets intake (p=0,015), ANC frequency(p= 0,03) and family support (p=0,00). Conclusion: There is an effect of Fetablet intake, ANC visit and family support on the CED (Chronic EnergyDeficiency) status of pregnant women at PMB Lismarini Palembang City in2021.&#x0D; Keywords: CED (Chronic Energy Deficiency) status, pregnant women

Hepatotoxicity Caused By Phenyramidol Hydrochloride: A Case Report

Introduction: Drug-induced liver injury is a common cause of liver dysfunction. Phenyramidol causes a neuronal blocking effect and is used as a moderately potent non-narcotic analgesic that can be accompanied by muscle relaxant activity. In this article, a clinically asymptomatic case of hepatotoxicity is described following the intake of phenyramidol HCl tablets in a suicide attempt. Case Report: A 52-year-old female patient was admitted to the emergency department 24 hours after allegedly attempting suicide by ingesting 16 tablets of 400 mg phenyramidol HCI. She displayed no clinical symptoms. An abdominal examination was normal. The results of her first blood test showed: ALT at 58 U/L and AST at 55 U/L. After 24 hours, ALT and AST were measured at 594 U/L and 820 U/L, respectively. The patient, whose liver function tests regressed following symptomatic treatment administered in the gastroenterology department, was discharged 5 days later. Conclusion: Drug toxicities can be difficult to diagnose but becomes easier if an agent can be identified that is suspected of causing liver injury. Accordingly, phenyramidol should be considered as a drug that causes hepatotoxicity.