T2 Test Research Articles

Adaptation and validation of the Turkish version of the Bolton Compassion Strengths Indicators scale among nursing students: A psychometric analysis.

The study used a methodological design to adapt a Turkish translation and validate the Bolton Compassion Strengths Indicators scale. The sample of the study consisted of 500 nursing students. Partial least squares structural equation modelling was used to analyze the construct and internal validiy. The values of average variance explained were analyzed for convergent validity. Tukey's test of additivity examined the additivity, and Hotelling's T2 test examined the mean difference between items. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were ensured for reliability. Test and retest scores were compared by applying the paired samples t-test and Wilcoxon test, and the fit was analyzed through the intra-class correlation coefficient. The Turkish version of the scale consisted of 34 items and 8 subscales. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the overall scale was 0.954. The scale was highly reliable and displayed psychometric solid properties. It has been determined that the Turkish version of the Bolton Compassion Strengths Indicators scale is a comprehensive, easy-to-understand measurement tool with a broad perspective that can be safely applied to future nurse candidate students. The scale has been evaluated as a reliable measurement tool that can provide cross-cultural measurement.

TURKISH VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY OF THE SUSTAINABILITY ATTITUDES IN NURSING SURVEY 2

PurposeIt is important to examine the attitudes of future nurses towards adopting a sustainability approach in their nursing practice. This study aimed to test the Sustainability Attitudes in Nursing Survey 2 psychometrically. MethodsThe methodological, descriptive study was conducted in November 2019 on nursing students (n = 286) at a university in Turkey. Data were analysed for reliability and validity tests. Statistics of the linguistic content validity analysis and Exploratory/ Confirmatory Factor Analysis were performed to determine the scale's validity. Cronbach Alpha coefficient, floor and ceiling impacts, Tukey’s test, and Hotelling’s T2 test, test-retest reliability, were determined for the scale's reliability. ResultsThe content validity index of the scale, which consists of five items and a one dimension, is .98. Factor loadings were above 0.30, all the fit indices were> 0.95, χ2/df was 1.58 and the root means square error of approximation was 0.045. Cronbach's α was .75. The floor and ceiling impacts were 0.0% and 3.1%. In Tukey’s test, F was 3.43 and p was 0.064. In Hotelling’s T2 test, Hotelling’s T2 was 265.59 and F was 65.68 (p < .001). Item-total correlation coefficients were between .37- .63. The test-retest correlation coefficient was .39. ConclusionsThe scale is a valid and reliable instrument in the Turkish language. It is advised to use the scale in determining attitudes towards sustainability among nursing students, evaluating the effectiveness of training, and taking student opinions in curriculum revisions. Also, the study allowed cross-country comparisons and it is thought that it can guide studies on the inclusion of sustainability principles in nursing practices.

The Effect of Human Blood and Platelet-rich Fibrin on the Surface Microhardness of Hydraulic Calcium Silicate-based Cements

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effect of human blood and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on the surface microhardness of hydraulic calcium silicate-based cements (OrthoMTA and RetroMTA). Materials and Methods: Two types of mineral trioxide aggregate, OrthoMTA and RetroMTA, were mixed and placed into cylindrical molds. The lower surfaces of all cements were exposed to saline. The upper surfaces of cements were exposed to human blood, PRF, or phosphate buffer saline (PBS). After storage for 7 days in fully saturated humidity at 37°C, the microhardness of cement surface exposed to blood, PRF, or PBS was measured using the Vickers microhardness test. The data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tamhane’s T2 test. The significance level was set at P&lt;0.05. Results: Exposure to blood and PRF significantly decreased the surface microhardness of OrthoMTA and RetroMTA. The microhardness of PBS-contacted cements was significantly higher than that of blood or PRF groups (P&lt;0.001). The microhardness values for OrthoMTA exposed to PRF were significantly higher than the blood group (P=0.020). There were no significant differences between RetroMTA contacted with blood or PRF groups (P=0.985). When exposed to blood or PBS, RetroMTA had a significantly higher microhardness than OrthoMTA (P&lt;0.001 for blood, P=0.002 for PBS). Conclusion: Exposure to blood or PRF decreased the surface microhardness of both cements. Blood-contaminated RetroMTA showed significantly higher surface microhardness than OrthoMTA contacted with blood. No significant difference was found between PRF-contacted OrthoMTA and RetroMTA.

Analysis of poor work postures during morning care operations of intensive care unit nurses: a field research

BackgroundPoor working postures in morning care operations contribute significantly to work-related muscle fatigue and low back pain among ICU (Intensive Care Unit, ICU) nurses. However,there are few field studies on the relationship between Poor working postures and work-related muscle fatigue, low back pain among ICU nurses.ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the frequency and degree of posture hazards associated with poor working postures during morning care operations of ICU nurses.MethodsTwo ICUs in a Grade-A tertiary hospital in Hunan Province were randomly selected for the field study in May–June 2021 research. The image data of the participating nurses’ morning care work postures were collected by observation method and image recording method, and the postural hazard level was assessed by the two-person interpretation method of the work posture analysis system. The mean and standard deviation, frequency and percentage were used for the basic statistical description, and the general linear model multivariate Hotelling’s T2 test was used to calculate the Hotelling’s T2 and F statistics to explore the pattern of change in the postural hazard score curves.ResultsA total of 45 nurses were observed during morning care operations, resulting in 47.8 h of video data and 34,428 effective static operation posture pictures. Among these pictures, 21,166 (61.5%) depicted poor working postures. Nurses spent up to 7 min and 30 s maintaining a challenging posture during oral care, with the highest postural hazard score (M = 2.2, SD = 0.3) observed during defecation care. Each patient requires a total of 25–30 min of oral care per day.The Hotelling’s T2 test indicated that the change curve of the postural hazard score in each step revealed the largest second-order F value, F = 52.931, P < 0.001.DiscussionICU nurses frequently adopt poor working postures during morning care operations. Further research should focus on optimizing safe working postures to prevent or minimise detrimental occupational hazards resulting from poor working postures.Research on occupational low back pain among ICU nurses can help them work more efficiently, and thereby improving their nursing level.

Comparison of microbial adhesion and biofilm formation on different orthodontic aligners

This study aimed to compare and evaluate time-dependent biofilm formation and microbial adhesion on 6 different clear aligner systems: Invisalign (Align Technology, San Jose, Calif), Clarity (3M ESPE Maplewood, Minn), ClearCorrect (Institut Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland), Smartee (Smartee Denti-Technology, Shanghai, China), Orthero (Orthero, Istanbul, Turkey) and Graphy (Graphy Inc, Seoul, South Korea). Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (ATCC 4356) were used to evaluate the microbial adhesion and biofilm formation on orthodontic clear aligners at the 0, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 168, and 240 hours. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (Greenhouse-Geisser) test and post-hoc Bonferroni T2 tests were used for statistical evaluation. The statistical significance level was set at P<0.05. It was found that more bacterial formation occurred on ClearCorrect than on Smartee at 120, 168, and 240 hours (P<0.05). It was observed more biofilm formation at 168 hours on Graphy than on Smartee (P<0.05). It was found that S mutans+ L acidophilus formed more biofilm at 120 and 168 hours on Graphy than on Invisalign (P<0.05). Elevated biofilm formation across all materials carries substantial clinical implications. Orthodontists and patients should remain aware of the increased risk of microbial colonization with extended aligner usage.

Performance of MR learned pulse sequences for 3D bi-exponential, stretched-exponential, and mono-exponential T2 and T1ρ mapping of knee cartilage.

To compare the performance of a learned magnetization-prepared gradient echo (L-MPGRE) sequence against a commonly used sequence for 3D T2 and T1ρ mapping of the knee joint, the magnetization-prepared angle-modulated partitioned k-space spoiled gradient echo snapshots (MAPSS), on bi-exponential (BE), stretched-exponential (SE), and mono-exponential (ME) relaxation models. We used a combined differentiable and non-differentiable optimization to learn pulse sequence structure and its parameters for 3D T2 and T1ρ mapping of the knee joint using ME, SE, and BE models. The learned pulse sequence framework was used to improve quantitative accuracy and SNR and to reduce filtering effects. We compare the measured multi-compartment values between the two sequences (n = 8), and their repeatability (n = 4) in healthy volunteers (n = 12 total). The voxel-wise median absolute percentage difference (MAPD) between the T2 and T1ρ maps obtained with each sequence was 18.6% and 19.9%, respectively. The T2 and T1ρ repeatability tests showed a MAPD of 18.5% and 19.1% for MAPSS, and 16.8% and 15.5% for L-MPGRE. Bland-Altman region of interest (ROI)-wise analysis shows that bias is small, close to -1.5%, and the coefficient of variation is around 5.5% when comparing ROIs from both sequences. The L-MPGRE sequences can be used as a replacement for MAPSS for T2 and T1ρ mapping in the knee cartilage with advantages, achieving similar accuracy and 15% better repeatability in only half of its scan time.

Evaluation of the Association Between Sociodemographic Characteristics, Systemic Diseases and Oral Health in the Turkish Suppopulation: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and systemic diseases with oral health in individuals aged 18-65 with the decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) index. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 367 volunteers aged 18-65 years. The sixty seven people who reported that they ate completely sugar-free and received orthodontic treatment were excluded from the study and 300 people (170 female/130 male; average age:38.64±14.19) were evaluated. The patients’ sociodemographic information (age, gender, education, brushing), systemic diseases, medication use and DMFT scores were recorded by the specialist researcher. Data were analyzed by using Kolmogorov Smirnov, Man Whitney-U, Kruskall Wallis test and Post-hoc Tamhane’s T2 test in SPPS software (22.0). Results: The difference in DMFT score with sociodemographic information (age, education, brushing) other than gender was statistically significant (p&lt; .05). DMFT score was found in asthma (12.39±5.17), cardiovascular disease (14.56±7.23) and diabetes (14.00±3.42); was significantly higher compared to healthy (9.39±3.67) people (p&lt; .05). The difference between gastrointestinal disease, thyroid disease, kidney disease and healthy people wasn’t statistically significant (p&gt; .05). However the mean DMFT score in kidney patients (9.00±2.85) was significantly lower compared to asthma, diabetes and cardiovascular disease (p&lt; .05). DMFT score was significantly higher in people using medication (13.77±5.58) than in people not using medication (9.42±3.70)(p&lt; .05). Conclusion: Oral health may be negatively affected by some systemic diseases and drug use. In addition, sociodemographic characteristics have an important effect on oral health. The individual’s sociodemographic characteristics, systemic diseases and medication use should be evaluated in detail in treatment planning and oral health motivation.

Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis and track and field jump performance across different specialties: Sex differences and electrode configuration.

The assessment of athletic performance using non-invasive methods has been a significant focus in research aimed at measuring physiological parameters. This study explores the application of bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) among track and field athletes, with a focus on sex differences, electrode configuration, and the correlation between BIVA parameters and jump performances. This cross-sectional study involved 61 Italian track and field athletes: 31 females and 30 males (age: 21.4 ± 3.8; 21.1 ± 2.6 years; stature: 166.1 ± 6.1; 180.1 ± 5.0 cm; body mass: 57.4 ± 9.7; 72.5 ± 10.5 kg, respectively). Anthropometric measurements, bioelectrical impedance analysis, and athletic jump performance were conducted. The RXc graph, two-sample Hotelling's T2 test for BIVA, and one-way ANOVA for specialty comparisons were employed. Pearson and Spearman's tests evaluated the correlations between BIVA parameters and jump performance. Differences in bioimpedance values were observed between athlete groups. Lateral asymmetries were more pronounced in females. Correlations between BIVA and jump performance also varied by sex and electrode configuration, ranging from r = -0.072, p = 0.699-r = 0.555, p = 0.001 in females, and from r = 0.204, p = 0.281-r = 0.691, p = 0.001 in males. This study highlights the utility of BIVA in providing rapid and non-invasive assessments of body composition and its relationship with jump performance, considering variations in athlete sex and electrode configuration.

Perpaduan Metode Debate dan Numbered Head Together terhadap Keaktifan Belajar dan Kepercayaan Diri Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen

In order for students to achieve the best learning outcomes, they must be involved in their studies and confident. Combining the debate method and the Number Head method together is one of the useful strategies to increase self-confidence and activity. If the Number Head Together method encourages students to actively participate in their education, the debate method seeks to develop students' self-confidence in voicing their opinions. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in the influence of the experimental class and the control class. The Independent T-Test and Test 3 (Hotteling's T2 Test) were used in experimental research and hypothesis testing. From the first hypothesis test, the Sig value was produced. 0.068&gt; 0.05, which means that there is no effect of learning with a combination of the Number Head Together - Debate Method and learning without treatment on student learning activity. While the results of the second Hypothesis test show a Sig value. 0.416&gt; 0.05, namely there is no effect of learning with a combination of the Number Head Together - Debate Method on student self-confidence. And the results of the Hotteling T2 test show that the ρ-value for learning activity is 0.342 &gt; 0.05, meaning that there is no difference in the average learning activity between students from both classes. The ρ-value for self-confidence is 0.049 &lt; 0.05, meaning that there is a difference in the average self-confidence between students from both classes.

Bioelectrical Impedance Vectors Analysis of Sarcopenic Older Adults Submitted to a Resistance Training Program.

The objective of the present study is to analyze the changes in bioimpedance vector analysis (BIVA) and phase angle (PhA) in sarcopenic older people submitted to a 12-week resistance training (RT) program according to classic and specific analyses. To this end, 20 sarcopenic older adults of both sexes, invited through media, underwent bioimpedance analysis before and after the RT carried out three times a week, for 12 weeks. The mean impedance vectors of the groups established for the confidence ellipses (95% of the confidence ellipse) are compared using Hotelling's T2 test. The distance D from Mahalanobis is also calculated. Classic and Specific BIVA are presented. The resistance values for the classical analyses (R/H) decreased across all groups (whole group, women and men, p < 0.05), with approximate decreases ranging from 9.4% to 10%, while the classic reactance (Xc/H) decreased (p < 0.05) only for the whole group (5.9%) and men (7.7%). For the specific BIVA, trends are verified for the whole sample, with a decrease in resistance (R.sp) and an increase in reactance (Xc.sp). In conclusion, the RT program in sarcopenic individuals promoted a reduction in resistance values in classical analyses, indicating a possible increase in hydration status and, consequently, musculoskeletal mass.

Conducting Multivariate One- and Two-Sample Statistical tests using SPSS Syntax

The availability of multivariate one-sample and two-sample testing procedures is often restricted or merged with other statistical tests in many statistical applications. SPSS software, known for its user-friendly Graphical User Interface (GUI) for statistical analysis, also provides a specialised programming language called SPSS syntax. This syntax allows users to execute statistical procedures by writing commands, providing an alternative to the GUI interface. The purpose of this paper is to create new dialogs written in the SPSS syntax language using custom dialog builder for extensions. These dialogs are designed to test multivariate one- and two-sample data when ∑ is unknown by applying Hotelling’s T2 test statistic, especially in situations where the GUI lacks these particular functionalities. In the case of two-sample data, both independent and paired multivariate testing methods are employed. Examples are supplied to demonstrate the key analyses performed using Hotelling's T2 tests. The syntax written for the analyses was performed using SPSS software v.27. The adoption of the developed dialogs is recommended for researchers requiring analysis of multivariate one- and two-sample data with limited or no programming experience, with potential future incorporation of the dialogs into forthcoming SPSS versions by IBM. Extending the scope of statistical analyses supported by SPSS dialogs through future research that encourages their use and supports wider acceptance of additional statistical methods not included in standard versions of SPSS.

Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the Turkish version of the Smombie Scale for Adolescents.

Smombie has become an important problem especially in terms of adolescent health. The aim of this study was to translate the Smombie Scale for Adolescents (SSA) into Turkish and to examine its psychometric properties. This study has a methodological design. The study was conducted between March and April 2024. The sample of the study consisted of 430 adolescents. The data were collected by using Personal Information Form and SSA. Content Validity Index, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), test-retest reliability, Cronbach's α coefficient, item-total score correlation, 27% upper-lower group item analysis and Hotelling T2 test were used in data analysis. The four-factor structure of the scale showed a good fit in CFA (chi-square minimum discrepancy [CMIN] = 187.463, degrees of freedo (DF) = 83, CMIN/DF = 2.259, root mean square error of approximation = 0.054, root mean square residual = 0.033, goodness of fit index = 0.947, adjusted goodness of fit index = 0.923, normed fit index = 0.930, tucker-lewis index = 0.949 and comparative fit index = 0.959). Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.86. The item-total score correlation of the scale was found between 0.212 and 0.721. The test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.876. This study shows that the scale is a reliable tool for assessing adolescents' smombie tendencies. It is thought that the scale will contribute to the protection and development of adolescent health.

The Influence of Corneal Thickness on Surgically Induced Corneal Astigmatism Derived from Total Keratometry Measured by Anterior Segment Swept-Source OCT.

The purposeof the study was to explore the possible correlations between the anterior segment parameters derived from anterior segment swept-source optical coherence tomography (AS-SS-OCT) with the surgically induced corneal astigmatism (CSIA) calculated from total keratometry (TK) measured by AS-SS-OCT. Seventy-one eyes of 67 patients with age-related cataract who underwent phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation with 2.2-mm incision were included. The CSIA values were calculated from anterior keratometry (CSIAKant) and TK (CSIATK) measured by AS-SS-OCT, respectively. Hotelling's T2 test was used to evaluate the difference. The correlation of CSIA with various parameters derived from AS-SS-OCT was tested with the Spearman correlation coefficient. The centroid of CSIAKant and of CSIATK were 0.31 ± 0.55 D @ 54° and 0.41 ± 0.59 D @ 51°, with no significant difference (F = 1.283, p = 0.281, Hotelling's T2). The mean absolute CSIAKant and CSIATK were 0.58 ± 0.24 D and 0.65 ± 0.28 D. Spearman test showed that the magnitude of CSIAKant was negatively correlated with preoperative peripheral corneal thickness (PCT, p = 0.045) and the magnitude of anterior keratometry (p = 0.044). The magnitude of CSIATK was negatively correlated with preoperative central corneal thickness (CCT, p = 0.003) and preoperative PCT (p = 0.015). The increased thickness of the peripheral cornea is correlated with the decrease in the magnitude of the CSIA. The correlation we identified between the corneal thickness and the CSIA indicated that certain preoperative parameters should be considered for the prediction of CSIA for a more precise refractive outcome.

Multivariate test applied to single Pu isotopic composition measurement

The determination of the plutonium isotopic composition by gamma spectrometry is one of the tasks performed by nuclear inspectors. It is typically measured using planar germanium detectors. The spectra are analysed with deconvolution codes, which calculate all isotopic abundances. The experimental results are then compared with the declared values and the acceptance criterion is often based on one unique isotope, 240Pu, to distinguish between reactor and weapon grade Pu.If the measurement is a part of a measurement series, it is possible to calculate covariance terms and carry out a more comprehensive comparison using Hotelling's test as recently presented in Berndt and Mortreau (2023) [1]. In this study, it was shown that the T2 test often rejects simulated false cases which are accepted if only the 240Pu abundance is considered. Hence, the T2 test should be preferred to the 240Pu criterion.In case of a single measurement, which is typical for inspections, the co-variance cannot be determined and the comprehensive calculation of the T2 test as performed in Berndt and Mortreau (2023) [1] cannot be applied. The purpose of the present paper is to consider approximations of the variance-covariance matrix to allow the application of the T2 test to isolated measurements. The results were then applied to more than 400 single measurements of Pu samples covering many different experimental conditions.

Effect Of Air-Abrasion And Er:Yag Laser On The Bond Strength Between The Metal Housing Of An Overdenture Attachment System And The Hard Relining Material

Objective. This study investigated the effect of air-abrasion and erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser treatments on push-out bond strength (PBS) between hard relining material and metal housing of an overdenture attachment system. Material and Methods. A total of 36 metal housings were randomly divided into 3 subgroups according to surface pretreatments (n=12): Control (no surface treatment; C), air-abrasion (A), and Er:YAG laser (L). Surface roughness (Ra) of specimens was determined using a profilometer. One additional specimen per group was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The hard relining material was bonded to metal housings, and a PBS test was performed using a universal testing machine. Data were statistically analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD), and Tamhane’s T2 tests (α=.05). Results. C and L groups showed the lowest and highest Ra values, respectively. The mean Ra of the A group was statistically different from the mean values of the C and L groups (P&amp;lt;.001). The L group showed higher PBS values than the C group (P&amp;lt;.05), whereas the A group exhibited statistically similar PBS values to both C and L groups (P&amp;gt;.05). Conclusions. Air-abrasion did not significantly increase the bond strength between the metal housing and hard relining material. Er:YAG laser irradiation noticeably improved the PBS but caused surface microcracks.

Digital Comparison of Occlusal Vertical Contacts Between Direct Composite and Indirect Cad/Cam Restorations: An in vivo quantitative assessment

Objective: Clinical assessment of the static occlusal vertical contacts for direct composite and indirect Cad/Cam restorations, and evaluation of the clinical experience level's effect on contact registration. Methods: Sixty restorations on maxillary and mandibular molar teeth were investigated. Postgraduate students performed indirect Cad/Cam restorations (Cerasmart, GC Corp., n=20), and both undergraduate and postgraduate students performed direct composite restorations (Ganeial A’chord, GC Corp., n=20 for each). A single supervisor digitally analyzed the occlusal vertical contacts immediately after by using an intraoral scanner (iTero Element-5D, AlignTech) and OrthoCAD software. The tightness of contacts was assessed by counting the pixel numbers in Photoshop CC (Adobe) software. The statistical analyses were performed by Shapiro-Wilk, One-way ANOVA, Tamhane’s T2 test, Kruska-Wallis test, and Dunn tests (p

Analysis of the epidemiological traits of occupational pneumoconiosis in Qinhuangdao between 1961 and 2020

Objective: To study the prevalence of occupational pneumoconiosis in Qinhuangdao from 1961 to 2020 and offer a foundation for developing occupational pneumoconiosis prevention and control methods. Methods: In December 2020, the data of occupational pneumoconiosis cases diagnosed by medical institutions with occupational disease diagnosis qualifications in Qinhuangdao City from 1961 to 2020 were collected Anova or kruskal-Walls tests and chi-square tests were used for inter-group comparisons of continuous and categorical variables, and LSD tests or Tamhane T2 tests were used for multiple comparisons. Results: Between 1961 and 2020, 384 cases of pneumoconiosis were documented in Qinhuangdao, of which 382 (99.5%) patients were men and 2 (0.5%) were women. The average dust service duration is 15 (9, 25) years, with a minimum duration of 0.5 years and a maximum duration of 49 years; Cases were primarily distributed in Qinglong Manchu Autonomous County (187 cases, 48.7%) and the Haigang district (160 cases, 41.7%) ; Type of pneumoconiosis was silicosis (340 cases, 88.5%), mainly 273 cases (71.1%) of stage I, 88 cases (22.9%) of stage II, and 23 cases (6.0% of stage III) ; Cases of Phase II and III and with short lengths of service are mainly concentrated in medium-sized, small, private limited liability companies and collective enterprises. Rrock work (166 cases, 43.2%), and loading kiln workers (42 cases, 10.9%) were the main types. Conclusion: Because the distribution of pneumoconiosis cases in Qinhuangdao city is concentrated and the length of service is decreasing, it is important to enhance the oversight of important area, businesses, industries, and job categories in line with the growth of the region's mineral resources.

Psychometric Properties of a Turkish Version of The Psychosocial Needs Inventory; Sampling from Oncology Patients

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the Psychosocial Needs Inventory (PNI) among Turkish oncology patients. MethodsA methodological study was conducted with 1,547 oncology patients. This validation study was divided into two phases. Phase 1 included translation of the PNI according to World Health Organization recommendations, investigation of content validity by experts, and a pilot study involving 136 participants. Phase 2 included a validity and reliability analysis of the PNI. Data analysis comprised exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA), Cronbach's alpha, test-retest reliability, Hotelling's T2 test and item-total score correlation, and the Content Validity Index (CVI). ResultsFor the phase 1, the CVI for items and scale were >.75 and .883, respectively. Cronbach's alpha values of the subdimensions ranged between 0.84 and 0.94. The test-retest analyses of the subdimensions showed correlation coefficients based on the pilot test (p < .001). For the phase 2, based on the fit indices in confirmatory factor analysis, the structures of the dimensions “Importance” and “Satisfaction” were acceptable. Cronbach's alpha values of the subdimensions ranged between 0.84 to 0.94 in the “Importance” dimension and 0.86 to 0.94 in the “Satisfaction” dimension. As a result of EFA, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin, Bartlett's test (p < 0.001) and PNI Importance explained at 68.46% and PNI Satisfaction at 70.15% of the total variance by the six-factor structure. CFA showed that the indices and validity, including content validity, convergent validity were satisfactory. ConclusionThe PNI, which was found to be a valid and reliable measurement tool, can be used to determine the psychosocial needs of cancer patients. Implications for Nursing PracticeHealth professionals need to use the PNI to measure their importance to cancer patients' psychosocial needs and assess their satisfaction with meeting them to improve holistic care and support.

Relações entre variáveis do maracujá amarelo e roxo

ABSTRACT Brazil is the world’s largest producer of passion fruit, with the species Passiflora edulis Sims (yellow and purple passion fruit) being the most popular commercially. Due to the great economic importance of this culture, seeking high productivity, phytotechnical quality, and maintenance of existing germplasms, among others, it is necessary to carry out studies of the most diverse types of this culture. In this crop, the use of multivariate techniques has increasingly driven studies on genetic differences between passion fruit species. Therefore, this research aimed to identify the variables that deserve greater emphasis in experiments with two commercial species of Passiflora: Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis (purple passion fruit) and Passiflora edulis Sims (yellow passion fruit), verifying if the species differ from each other. For this purpose, principal component analysis, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), and Hotelling’s T2 test were performed. The principal component analysis proved to be effective, allowing the removal of five variables for yellow passion fruit and six variables for purple passion fruit and yellow passion fruit present contrasting differences between them, being the explanatory variables for the purple passion fruit the external and internal color and for the yellow passion fruit length, diameter, and citric acid.

Effect of femtosecond laser induced surface patterns on the flexural strength of monolithic zirconia.

To investigate how patterns generated by femtosecond (fs) laser and femtosecond laser power affect the surface roughness (Ra) and biaxial flexural strength (BFS) of monolithic zirconia. Eighty disk-shaped zirconia specimens were divided into eight subgroups (n = 10): Control (C), airborne-particle abrasion (APA), 400 mW fs laser (spiral [SP(400)], square [SQ(400)], circular [CI(400)]), and 700 mW fs laser ([SP(700)], [SQ(700)], [CI(700)]). Ra values were calculated by using a surface profilometer. One additional specimen per group was analyzed with scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffractometry. BFS values were obtained by using the piston-on-3-ball test. One-way ANOVA and either Tukey's HSD (BFS) or Tamhane's T2 (Ra) tests were used to evaluate data (α = 0.05). Regardless of the pattern and power, fs laser groups had higher Ra than C and APA, while SP groups had lower Ra than CI and SQ groups (p ≤ 0.004). For each pattern, Ra increased with higher laser power (p < 0.001), while the laser power did not affect the BFS (p ≥ 0.793). CI and SQ groups had lower BFS than the other groups (p ≤ 0.040), whereas SP groups had similar BFS to C and APA (p ≥ 0.430). Fs laser microstructuring with spiral surface pattern increased the Ra without jeopardizing the BFS of zirconia. Thus, this treatment might be an option to roughen tested zirconia.