Syzygium Polyanthum Research Articles

Larvicidal Activity of Bay Leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) Ethanolic Extract in Addition of PEG Diluent on Aedes aegypti Larvae

Larvicidal Activity of Bay Leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) Ethanolic Extract in Addition of PEG Diluent on Aedes aegypti Larvae

Corrosion mitigation of carbon steel in sulfuric and hydrochloric acid solutions by Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp. leaf extract

Corrosion mitigation of carbon steel in sulfuric and hydrochloric acid solutions by Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp. leaf extract

Therapeutic Potential of Aceh's Syzygium polyanthum in Reducing Uric Acid in Rattus Norvegicus

This research aims to evaluate the anti-hyperuricemic activity of Syzygium polyanthum ethanolic extract in hyperuricemic male rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced by liver juice. A total of 25 animals were divided into five groups: a negative control group, a positive control group, and three treatment groups receiving S. polyanthum extract at doses of 150, 200, and 250 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The result showed that the dose of 250 mg/kg body weight resulted in the highest decrease of uric acid plasma, measuring 3.44 ± 2.03 mg/dL. This reduction is comparable to the effect of allopurinol, which showed a decrease of 3.70 ± 1.54 mg/dL. A minimum dose-dependent activity was observed. To conclude, the administration of ethanolic extract of S. polyanthum for 14 days significantly reduced uric acid levels. Further exploration of higher doses or a long-term treatment period to enhance its effectiveness is needed.

EFFECT OF CHITOSAN CONCENTRATION ON PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EXTRACT ETHANOLIC OF BAY LEAF (Syzygium polyanthum) NANOPARTICLE PREPARED BY CROSS-LINKING METHODS

Chitosan is a natural cationic polysaccharide that could form bonds with negatively charged polyanions like sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) as a crosslinker. One of the important factors to develop nanoparticles is the concentration of polymer. The increased polymer concentration will increase the viscosity of the solution formed, and the size of the nanoparticles created will increase. However, if the amount of polymer is too small, the particles formed are smaller, and aggregation could be formed. In this study, the ethanolic extract of bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) was used as a drug that has a potent anti-dyslipidemia effect by lowering cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Studies on the ethanolic extract of a bay leaf as an anti-dyslipidemia are still limited. The objective of this research was an investigate effect of the chitosan concentration used 0.6 mg/ml (F1); 1mg/ml (F2); and 1.4 mg/ml (F3) on the physical characteristics of ethanolic extract of bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) nanoparticles (NSPs) prepared by cross-linking methods. The result of particle size evaluation showed that the particle size was 665.1 nm ± 14.71 (F1); 180.1 nm ± 0.5; and 221.35 nm ± 1.91 (F3), while the polydispersity index F1, F2, and F3 were 0.773 ± 0.152; 0.220 ± 0.016; and 0.212 ± 0.024 respectively. The results of this study found F2 was the most optimal chitosan concentration with particle size under 200 nm, and polydispersity index under 0.5 with positive ζ-potential value. In conclusion, chitosan concentration showed has an effect on the physical characteristics of the nanoparticles.

Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp. leaf extract as a sustainable corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in hydrochloric acidic environment

This study focuses on an investigation of the corrosion inhibition behavior of Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp. leaf extract (SPWE) of carbon steel in 1.0 M hydrochloric acid medium. Electrochemical methods demonstrated a corrosion inhibition efficiency of 94.65 ± 0.94 % when 2000 ppm extract is added to the corrosive solution. Furthermore, surface analysis results indicated that with the absence of an inhibitor, the steel surface suffered severe corrosion, while the corrosion density was slow, and a film was observed on the surface after applying the SPWE into a corrosive environment. The film formed by the chemical and physical adsorption of compounds such as polyphenol, flavonoid, alkaloid, and tannin onto the carbon steel surface has been qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed in this study. Notably, increased immersion time and reaction temperature led to significant desorption of molecules, reflecting characteristic of physical adsorption. However, the corrosion inhibition efficiency of SPWE remained effective, particularly within the temperature range of 25–35 °C. Therefore, this study provides an efficient inhibitor for carbon steel corrosion in 1.0 M hydrochloric acidic environment that could be possibly added to the corrosion inhibitor system.

Analysis of Drug-Like Properties and in Silico Screening for the Potential of Flavonoid Compounds in Bay Leaves (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp) as Antidyslipidemia

Analysis of Drug-Like Properties and in Silico Screening for the Potential of Flavonoid Compounds in Bay Leaves (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp) as Antidyslipidemia

The Effect of Bay Leaf (Syzygium Polyanthum) Extract Hand Washing Liquid Soap Preparation on The Growth of Escherichia Coli Bacteria in Vitro

Bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) is known as a complement to cooking spices, also used by the community for treatment. The content of antibacterial compounds from bay leaves such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins which can inhibit bacterial growth. This study aims to determine the effect of hand washing liquid soap with bay leaf extract on the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria. This study uses a Quasi Experiment research design. The population in this study is located on Jalan Atot Ahmad, West Pontianak District. The sample used was liquid hand washing soap with bay leaf extract at a concentration of 3, 6, and 9%, 9 repetitions with a total of 27 samples, using the disc diffusion method. The results of the antibacterial study showed that the average diameter of the inhibition zone at 3% concentration was 8.27 mm, 6% concentration was 10.55 mm and 9% concentration was 11.16. The results of the Linear Regression test using the Anova test obtained pvalue = 0.000, which is pvalue < α, with α = 0.05, so that it was stated that H1 was accepted so that there was an effect on the preparation of liquid hand washing soap (Syzygium polyanthum) extract on the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria in vitro.

The In Vitro and In Silico Study of α-glucosidase Inhibition by Kombucha Derived from Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp. Leaves

Kombucha is a fermented tea drink using a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast. This drink has been widely used to maintain blood sugar levels. Meanwhile, leaf boiled water of Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp. has been used as an alternative medicine for diabetes mellitus in Indonesia. If this herb is made into kombucha, it may have higher antihyperglycemic activity than kombucha from tea leaves. However, there are no scientific reports of antihyperglycemic activity from S. polyanthum leaf kombucha by inhibiting alpha-glucosidase. This study aims to determine the activity and kinetics inhibition of S. polyanthum leaves kombucha against α-glucosidase. Samples were prepared at varying concentrations (12.5, 25, 37.5, 50 g/L), while phytochemical components in the products were identified, and the inhibitory activity as well as kinetics were comprehensively analyzed. In silico evaluations were conducted to further explore the inhibitory activity. The results showed that the products contained secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. The inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase ranged from 81.05 to 89.41%. The inhibition mechanism was identified as uncompetitive, with a Michaelis-Menten constant (KM) of 0.1357 mM and a vmax value of 27.7008 U/ml minute. Several metabolites showed promising inhibition potential due to their strong binding interactions with α-glucosidase, including hydrogen bonding (H-bond), hydrophobic interactions, van der Waals forces, and electrostatic forces. Additionally, two metabolites, farnesol and α-pinene, were found to interact with other human proteins. These observations showed the potential of S. polyanthum leaves kombucha as a health-promoting beverage that might aid blood sugar control in diabetic individuals.

The distribution of Syzygium sp. and its potential use in green space of Universitas Sumatera Utara

Syzygium sp. is one of the tree species that can be found in the green space at USU. This type is better known by the local name jambu-jambuan and belongs to the family Myrtaceae. Syzygium sp. is known for its various uses, such as medicine, fruit plants, building green spaces, etc. Research on the distribution and opportunities for the utilization of this species has never been carried out in the green space of the USU campus. This type has many benefits as well as the potential to be developed and studied further. Preliminary surveys show species are easy to find and scattered in several locations. The results of this study will be useful as initial data in managing campus green space, information on the use of this type, and a source of data for further research. Therefore, research on the potential species at USU needs to be done and studied further. This study used field observation techniques by visiting various locations. Field findings are described descriptively and cumulatively. The number of Syzygium sp. in the USU green space is estimated to be 451 individuals. It consists of 5 species, such as Syzygium aqueum, Syzygium malaccense, Syzygium myrtifolium, Syzygium polyanthum, and Syzygium cumini. They have many potential uses, such as food security, traditional medicine, biomass and carbon stock, green belts, and revegetation species.

Formulation of Salam (Syzygium polyanthum (wight) walp) Leaves Ethanolic Extract Matrix Patch and Its Evaluation

The total flavonoid content in salam leaves has an anti-inflammatory activity at a dose of 2.1% w/w. For topical anti-inflammatory, a matrix patch has a delivery mechanism that drugs pass through in the skin in a controlled for an extended period. Polymers were the patch's main component to control the drug release. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and alpha-cellulose (AC) were polymers that can increase the rate of drug diffusion and form a strong film layer. Salam leaves were extracted by maceration using ethanol 96%. Matrix patches were made with a combination of PVA and AC in ratios 1:1; 3:1; 1:3. The patches were tested for physicochemical properties. The stability test was conducted at 4, 25, and 40 temperatures for 8 h, respectively. Statistical analysis of the test data used One Way ANOVA with a confidence level of 95%. The results showed that the high concentration of PVA significantly affected the weight and moisture content but did not affect the organoleptic thickness, folding endurance, and pH of the matrix patch. The best matrix patch of salam leaves ethanolic extract was PVA and AC of 3:1 because it met the requirements for the matrix patch, including the weight of 1.96-2.06 grams, thickness of 1.15-1.18 mm, folding endurance >300 times, humidity 25.75 – 30.17% and pH 6.3 – 7.1. The patch contains flavonoids with Rf values for extract and patch of 0.95 and 0.96, respectively. Further study, in vivo anti-inflammatory test is necessary.

PHYSICAL AND ACTIVITY ACTIVITY TONER OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF BAY LEAF (SYZYGIUM POLYANTHUM) AGAINST PROPIONIBACTERIUM ACNE

Indonesian people have been using natural ingredients for generations as traditional medicines to treat various diseases or as a preventative measure. One of the plants often used is bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum). Bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum) contain 0.2% essential oil, with methyl chavicol, eugenol, and citral as the main compounds. The purpose of this study was to determine the physical properties of essential oil toner preparations from bay leaf plants (Syzygium polyanthum) and to understand the activity of the essential oil toner preparation from bay leaf plants (Syzygium polyanthum) against Propionibacterium acnes as an acne treatment. The physical test results produced the following data: organoleptic test, thin liquid form, distinctive bay leaf smell, clear slightly cloudy color, homogeneity test all preparations were homogeneous, pH test for average F0 5.75 ± 0.5016, F1 5.62±0.1039, F2 5.70±0.08083 and F3 5.64±0.05508 all met the requirements in the pH range of 4.5-6.5. ...

Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants by indigenous community of Aek Guo Village, Mandailing Natal District, Indonesia

Abstract. Rambey R, Nelasufa F, Athoriez APM, Solihin, Rahmawaty, Susilowati A, Afifuddin Y. 2024. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants by indigenous community of Aek Guo Village, Mandailing Natal District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1046-1056. Aek Guo Village, Mandailing Natal District, Indonesia, falling under the jurisdiction of Forest Management Unit or Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan (KPH) IX Panyabungan, serves as a home for the Mandailing indigenous tribe, primarily engaged in agriculture with a significant dependence on the forest for sustenance. Within the cultural fabric of the Aek Guo community, there exists a profound tradition of employing medicinal plants as an alternative form of treatment, a practice deeply rooted in ethnobotanical knowledge passed down through generations. The study aimed to identify the diverse array of medicinal plants, their utilization practices, and key parameters such as Use Value (UV), Family Use Value (FUV), Plant Part Value (PPV), and Fidelity Level (FL) associated with their applications. A comprehensive approach that integrates qualitative and quantitative methods, the study involves semi-structured interviews and meticulous documentation. The findings reveal a rich repertoire of 66 plant species distributed across 36 families, constituting a vital component of the Aek Guo community. Noteworthy is the pre-eminence of ginger (Zingiber officinale) with the highest UV value (0.68), while paku gajah (Angiopteris evecta) being the lowest (0.01). Family Use Value (FUV) demonstrated variations, with Fabaceae leading the chart (0.39), and Simaroubaceae recording the lowest value (0.01). A closer examination of Plant Part Value (PPV) indicated a preference for leaves, comprising 56.06% of the utilized plant parts, while flowers contribute minimally at 1.51%. Fidelity Level (FL) values, crucial for assessing the significance of particular plants within the community, peak for kumis kucing (Orthosiphon aristatus) and ginger (Z. officinale) at 22.54%. In contrast, jerangau (Acorus calamus), pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia), salam (Syzygium polyanthum), and paku gajah (A. evecta) exhibit the lowest FL values at 1.41%. These findings contribute significantly to the broader understanding of ethnobotanical practices across different Mandailing communities, with potential implications for conservation, healthcare, and sustainable resource management.

Effectiveness of Bay Leaves (Syzygium polyanthum) to Reduce Body Mass Index Among Pre-Menopausal Obese Adults in South Jakarta Regency

Perimenopause is a transition phase towards menopause which is characterized by hormonal changes, including a decrease in the production of the hormone estrogen and an increase in belly fat which can cause obesity. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of bay leaves to reduce body mass index (BMI). The research design used was quasi-experimental with a one-group pretest and posttest-only design. The population in this study were pre-menopausal adults with obesity who were selected using purposive sampling with a total respondents 30 adults. During 14 days, they are given the 4-5 bay leaves which were previously boiled with around 250 ml water. The BMI was calculated before and after giving the intervention. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon analysis test. The results revealed that there are significantly reduced BMI compared to before and after the intervention. The content of bay leaves can accelerate weight loss in pre-menopause because it has a thermogenic effect on the body and can be used as an alternative herbal therapy that is very easy to obtain and economical which can be used by obese women in perimenopause. The health promotion to introduce bay leaves could be started as bay leaves are easy to find and grow.

Organoleptic Test of Salam Leaves (Syzygium polyanthum) as an Herbal Drink with the Addition of Moringa Leaves (Moringa oleifera L.)

Tea is a fresh drink made from processed tea leaves. Bay leaves and Moringa leaves are used as the main ingredients in making this tea. Syzygium polyanthum and Moringa oleifera L. plants contain the same compounds, namely flavonoids and have anti-inflammatory properties. The purpose of this study was to measure antioxidant and flavonoid levels in the making of bay leaf tea with the addition of Moringa leaves, as well as conduct organoleptic tests in Kampung Dalam Village. This research method is experimental with quantitative data analysis, using four formulations in antioxidant and flavonoid tests, namely 80%: 20%, 70%: 30%, 60%: 40%, and 50%: 50%, as well as survey method with quantitative data analysis for organoleptic properties test. The results showed that the highest antioxidant and flavonoid levels were found in the 80:20% formulation, which were 13.22 ppm and 42.7500 mQE/g. The organoleptic assessment results showed that the 50%:50% formulation had the highest level of liking at 75% with a neutral description. In addition, the 70%:30% formulation has the highest aroma level of 77.5% with a scented description, the 50%:50% formulation has the highest taste level of 70% with a tasteless description, and the 50%:50% formulation has the highest color level of 67.5% with a yellowish green description. The conclusion is that the addition of moringa leaves as an herbal drink to bay leaves has a significant effect on liking, aroma, taste and color

Differences In Lowering Blood Pressure Between Giving Infusa Of Salam Leaf (Syzyguim Polynatum) And Infusa Of Herba Celery (Apium Graviolens L) In Hypertension Patients To Pregnant Women At Puskesmas Balaraja

Elevated blood pressure is a major factor for coronary and ischemic heart disease and hemorrhagic stroke, in addition to peripheral vascular disease, kidney disorders, retinal hemorrhages and visual disturbances. The aim of this study was to compare the level of effectiveness in reducing blood pressure in pregnant women who experience hypertension at the Balaraja Health Center by giving infusions of bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum) and infusions of celery herb (Apium graveolens). This type of research is a quantitative research with the type of experimental method in this study is to compare the effectiveness of the infusion of bay leaves and celery leaves to lower blood pressure in pregnant women with hypertension. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant effect between giving bay leaf infusion to pregnant women with hypertension at Balaraja Health Center with an odds ratio of 0.667. and there is a significant effect between giving celery leaf infusion to pregnant women with hypertension at the Balaraja Health Center with an odds ratio of 1,500.

The Effect of Layer Leaves on Reducing Uric Acid in the Elderly: A Systematic Review

Gout is an inflammatory disease of the joints caused by excess uric acid content in the blood, resulting in a buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints and other soft tissues. Bay leaf or with the Latin name Syzygium Polyanthum is a plant that can be used to treat gout. This study aims to estimate the effect of bay leaves on reducing uric acid levels in the elderly. This research is a systematic review research using the PRISMA diagram. Article searches were carried out based on the PICO Model eligibility criteria. P= Elderly; I= Drink boiled bay leaves; C= Do not drink bay leaf decoction; O= Uric acid. The articles used come from 1 database, namely: Google Scholar. With keywords including "gout" AND "bay leaf" AND "elderly" In 5 articles from 2016-2022, it can be concluded that regarding the effect of bay leaves on gout in the elderly, it shows that boiling bay leaf water can reduce uric acid in the elderly.

The Difference of Antioxidants Activity between Methanol Extract and Ethanol Extract of Bay Leaves (Syzygium polyanthum (Wigh) Walp) USED DPPH Method (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil)

Antioxidant are compounds that can inhibit oxidant by reacting with reactive of free radicals to form non reactive free radicals that was relatively stable. One of the natural antioxidants derived from plants is salam leaf. Salam leaf (Syzygium polyanthum (Wigh) Walp) has the chemical content of polyphenol compounds such as flavonoids and tannin its efficacious is as antioxidants. The aims of this research is to determine whether there is a reaction on antioxidant activity of ethanol extract and methanol extract of salam leaves, as well as to know whether there is a difference of antioxidants activity between the ethanol extract and methanol extract. The extraction of salam leaves is done by maceration method using liquid extraction 70% ethanol and methanol. The ethanol extract and methanol extract of salam leaves is made by the concentration 0,06%; 0,08%; 0,10%; 0,12%; 0,16% and its antioxidants power is being tested with DPPH. The antioxidants activity is determined by DPPH method with spectrofotometry UV-Vis till gets value EC50. This value EC50 is reached through the linear regression equation which states the relationship between the concentration of test solution (x) with the antioxidant activity (y) of a series of replicate measurements. The quantitative test results show that the average value EC50 for the ethanol extract of salam leaves is 14,2168 µg/ml and methanol extract of salam leaves is 12,4338 µg/ml. From the test results of “t” test in EC50 shows significant value 0,188 > 0,05 difference between ethanol extract (α value) which means that there is no significant difference between ethanol extract and methanol extract of salam leaves.

Efficacy of Bay Leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) in Regulating Lipid Profile in Dyslipidemia Model Rats: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the world, more than any other disease. The leading cause of cardiovascular disease is dyslipidemia. Long-term use of simvastatin can cause other diseases. One of the medicinal plants known to have anti-cholesterol effects is a bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum). This study aimed to determine how the administration of bay leaf extract regulates lipid profiles.Methods: This study used a systematic review based on PRISMA guidelines. Sampling in this study was done by collecting studies available in e-databases: PubMed and Google Scholar, with the inclusion criteria being experimental studies about the effect of bay leaf extract administration in regulating lipid profile in rats.Results: This study consisted of 10 experimental studies on rats. Eight studies showed an improved lipid profile, while two other studies did not show an improving lipid profile after the administration of bay leaf extract.Conclusion: Most studies revealed that bay leaf extract positively improves lipid profiles by lowering total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides, increasing HDL levels, and having antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Utilization of Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan-Bay Leaf Oil (Syzygium Polyanthum W.) as Antibacterial for Streptococcus Mutants

Dental caries is a disease that can damage hard tooth tissue caused by the activity of Streptococcus mutans bacteria. Streptococcus mutans bacteria are the leading cause of dental caries disease. Efforts to prevent dental caries can be made using toothpaste, but toothpaste cannot reach areas that are difficult to reach with a toothbrush. Another method that can be used is mouthwash. This study was developed with the active ingredient compound HAp-chitosan-bay leaf oil in mouthwash to have an antimicrobial effect to prevent dental caries. This study aimed to determine the chemical physics characteristics and antibacterial activity of mouthwash preparations based on hydroxyapatite-chitosan-bay leaf oil. In this study, the active ingredients hydroxyapatite-chitosan-bay leaf oil was used with variations in the concentration of bay leaf oil, namely 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 %. FT-IR characterization showed the presence of OH, N-H, CH, C=O, C=C, C-O, and PO43- functional groups. The pH test on the mouthwash showed compliance with the quality standard for mouthwash pH, which has a pH range of 5-7. The homogeneity test results in the mouthwash preparation showed no sediment or separation. Antibacterial activity testing showed that the HAp-chitosan-bay leaf oil mouthwash preparation inhibited the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria. The inhibition zone in the strong category with an average of 12.75 mm was shown in the HAp-chitosan-bay leaf oil mouthwash preparation formulation with a concentration of 2.5% bay leaf oil with the addition of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS).

Feasibility of bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.) as a natural preservative for meatball

Feasibility of bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.) as a natural preservative for meatball