System Usability Scale Research Articles

Aliado - A design concept of AI for decision support in oncological liver surgery

BackgroundThe interest in artificial intelligence (AI) is increasing. Systematic reviews suggest that there are many machine learning algorithms in surgery, however, only a minority of the studies integrate AI applications in clinical workflows. Our objective was to design and evaluate a concept to use different kinds of AI for decision support in oncological liver surgery along the treatment path. MethodsIn an exploratory co-creation between design experts, surgeons, and data scientists, pain points along the treatment path were identified. Potential designs for AI-assisted solutions were developed and iteratively refined. Finally, an evaluation of the design concept was performed with n = 20 surgeons to get feedback on the different functionalities and evaluate the usability with the System Usability Scale (SUS). Participating surgeons had a mean of 14.0 ± 5.0 years of experience after graduation. ResultsThe design concept was named “Aliado”. Five different scenarios were identified where AI could support surgeons. Mean score of SUS was 68.2 ( ± 13.6 SD). The highest valued functionalities were “individualized prediction of survival, short-term mortality and morbidity”, and “individualized recommendation of surgical strategy”. ConclusionAliado is a design prototype that shows how AI could be integrated into the clinical workflow. Even without a fleshed out user interface, the SUS already yielded borderline good results. Expert surgeons rated the functionalities favorably, and most of them expressed their willingness to work with a similar application in the future. Thus, Aliado can serve as a surgical vision of how an ideal AI-based assistance could look like.

System Usability Analysis of Engineering Management Software

Abstract Supporting engineering processes requires a managerial approach as well. The usability and acceptance of the related procedures, tools, and software can significantly influence the performance of the company. The paper presents a case study of project management administration software at a multinational company. System Usability Scale was used to explore the satisfaction of the development experts in the field. The results show the need to develop the software and procedures, especially in the design of the administration process, to boost the engineering work.

Chatbot with ChatGPT technology for mental wellbeing and emotional management

<p>There is a growing concern among the world's population about mental health in work, academics, and other contexts where stress, anxiety, and depression are common problems that negatively impact mental health. This study evaluates a chatbot powered by ChatGPT, offering a novel perspective on emotional intervention and mental well-being. It highlights the urgency of this approach in a context where mental health is critical, providing value by combining advanced technologies with emotional management. A multi-faceted approach was implemented to evaluate both usability and technical performance. The usability of the chatbot was evaluated by users using the System Usability Scale (SUS), while the technical performance was evaluated by experts. The active participation of 15 users provided a detailed perspective, resulting in an average usability of 83, reflecting a positive experience in interacting with the system. At the same time, five experts, through technical metrics, assigned an average technical performance of 4.28, indicating solid operational effectiveness. In conclusion, although more research is needed to customize and optimize chatbots over the long term, this approach holds promise for addressing mental health issues in a variety of settings and represents the integration of artificial intelligence to the benefit of those seeking help managing emotional disorders.</p>

A Mobile Application for Anticoagulation Management in Patients After Heart Valve Replacement: A Usability Study.

Individualized anticoagulation therapy is a major challenge for patients after heart valve replacement. Mobile applications assisted by Artificial intelligence (AI) have great potential to meet the individual needs of patients. The study aimed to develop an AI technology-assisted mobile application (app) for anticoagulation management, understand patients' acceptance of such applications, and determine its feasibility. After using the mobile application for anticoagulation management for 2weeks, patients, doctors, and nurses rated its usability using the System Usability Scale (SUS). Additionally, semi-structured interviews were conducted with some patients, doctors, and nurses to gain insights about their thoughts and suggestions regarding the procedure. The study comprised 80 participants, including 38 patients, 18 doctors, and 24 nurses. The average SUS score for patients was 82.37±5.45; for doctors, it was 84.17±5.82; and for nurses, it was 81.88±6.44. This means the patients, physicians, and nurses rated the app highly usable. Semi-structured interviews were conducted on the app's usability with 18 participants (six nurses, three physicians, and nine patients). The interview results revealed that patients found the application of anticoagulation management simple and convenient, with high expectations for a precise dosage recommendation of anticoagulant drugs. Some patients expressed concerns regarding personal information security. Both doctors and nurses believed that elderly patients needed assistance from young family members to use the app and that it could improve patients' anticoagulant self-management ability. Some nurses also mentioned that the use of the app brought great convenience for transitional care. This study confirmed the feasibility of using an AI technology-assisted mobile application for anticoagulation management in patients after heart valve replacement. To further develop this application, challenges lie in continuously improving the accuracy of recommended drug doses, obtaining family support, and ensuring information security.

Usability Evaluation of a VR French Learning App for Google Cardboard

The purpose of this research work is to investigate cost-effective immersive virtual reality (VR) for learning French language by designing, developing and evaluating Mission Maison, an affordable immersive VR application for Google Cardboard. The development was guided by Design Science Research principle and aligned with John Biggs’ constructive alignment theory to transform passive learning into engaging adventures through immersive environments, compelling stories and gamified quizzes that is accessible via smartphone. 29 Malaysian young adults participated in the usability and acceptance evaluation using the System Usability Scale (SUS) in a controlled environment. All the participants were briefed on the application's functionality and went through a tutorial on using Google Cardboard prior to using the VR application. The evaluation revealed a high usability and learnability of Mission Maison, with an average SUS score of 86.38. The evaluation results also indicated that Mission Maison was easy to use, well-integrated, engaging and with minimal learning curves, serving as strong support that cost-effective immersive VR has the potential of springboarding traditional language learning to provide enjoyable and engaging learning experiences. The research work contributes in terms of a new practical budget-friendly immersive VR French language learning application and insights into usability and acceptance by young adults in Malaysia, for broader accessibility and adoption in language education. The findings provide educators, policymakers, and technology developers with a scalable solution to integrate immersive VR instructional design into curricula with aims to enhance language learning experiences.

E-Generation of Tests and e-Class Record in a Flexible Learning Environment

As assessment is an integral part of student learning, schoolteachers need to create appropriate assessments, through the use of the Table of Specifications, to get accurate feedback from the students. Recording of student performance is also important to provide basis and transparency to student grades. However, these activities are laborious when performed. This study aims to development and validate a web application that covers the electronic generation of tests with Table of Specification (TOS) and the recording of student performances in an electronic class record (grade book). User requirements were captured through interviews and documentary analysis. The application was developed using the Agile Scrum Framework and was tested for usability using the System Usability Scale (SUS). The developed system proved to be usable with a general SUS score of 81.25 which is interpreted as usable and conforms to the given requirements. The results indicates that the developed system is very useful to the teachers specially during this pandemic period were flexible learning is utilized for teaching and learning.

Environmental Damage Prevention through Digital Transformation on Tourism Industry in Bali, Indonesia

To control environmental damage due to over-booking homestays in tourist villages in Bali, a digital platform was built. In this study, a platform called dewiku was developed to evaluate and integrate all stakeholders that have a shared responsibility for environmental conservation. dewiku was developed using the concept of E-Commerce involving the standard concept of green tourism villages to prevent environmental damage in Bali. dewiku involved four actors: the Government, Developers, Partners, or Business Actors in homestays and green tourist attractions and tourists. The four actors have a major role in preventing environmental damage due to the comprehensive integrated supervision of the dewiku platform. Partners who will register dewiku E-commerce platform must meet the Green Village (GreenV) standards set and supervised by the Bali Tourism Office. GreenV's questionnaire was taken from previous research and shared with the tourism business owners in Bali, which the village government monitored. This platform was tested using the System Usability Scale (SUS), with respondents at least 15 years interested in traveling to Bali. Survey questions were distributed online through social media, Facebook, and WhatsApp, and the questions were shared using the provided link. This study used a quantitative survey approach. The result indicated an average test of 62, meaning the platform was good enough to be applied in the field. The test results showed that the SUS platform test was quite effective and expected to introduce the dewiku platform to the wider community who will travel to Bali.

Artificial Intelligence-Based Chronic Disease Detection Application Among Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus Risk Group in Indonesian Primary Healthcare: A Usability and User Experience Evaluation

This study aims to considering the assessment of the usability and user experience of applications based on artificial intelligence (AI) for early detection of chronic diseases. Health data is recorded and chronic disease risk is classified using an AI-based early detection of chronic disease application. The study was conducted in Semarang city/regency health service facilities, using quantitative research methodology. The study's inclusion criteria were individuals with a history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Using the System Usability Scale (SUS) and User Experience Question (UEQ) surveys, 131 respondents were studied in May–July 2023. The study's findings showed that respondents who were older than 60, female, had not completed their education, worked for a living or were self-employed, did not use a mobile phone, and had never used health applications scored poorly for usability and user experience. The system satisfation aspect receives the lowest grade in terms of system usability, while the memorability aspect has the best score. The efficiency aspect of the system receives the greatest score in terms of user experience, while the novelty aspect receives the lowest. It is known that the AI-based early detection of chronic disease application has a reasonably acceptable usability and user experience based on the findings of the SUS and UEQ questionnaires for patients at risk of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. It is necessary to design an AI-based chronic disease detection application that is easier to learn and more innovative so that it can be used by the wider community.

Parenting pain away: Quasi-experimental study of an eHealth learning platform to evaluate acceptability, feasibility, and utilisation of parent-led pain management.

To evaluate the impact of an eHealth educational resource about infant procedural pain management, given during the prenatal period, on feasibility, acceptability, knowledge, self-efficacy, and involvement. Routine health care requires newborns to have painful procedures (e.g., intramuscular injection). The impacts of untreated pain in neonates are widely recognised but adoption of effective procedural pain management strategies in clinical practice varies. There is clear evidence supporting the effectiveness of parent-led pain management during procedures (e.g., skin-to-skin care) and reputable resources to raise awareness among parents are warranted. Our team co-created Parenting Pain Away, a website to equip parents with evidence to assist with managing the pain of procedures and empower them to be involved. A quasi-experimental evaluation using a pre/post intervention design with low-risk expectant parents. Of the 41 participants, before intervention exposure participants were familiar or had used skin-to-skin care (n = 33), breastfeeding (n = 30) and sucrose (n = 13) as pain management. Most participants (n = 38) desired more information on how to be involved. Providing access to Parenting Pain Away during pregnancy was supported and participants ranked the website above average using the System Usability Scale. Parenting Pain Away did not have a statistically significant influence on outcomes. Participants reported variation in clinical support with parent-led pain management. A multifaceted approach is recommended to maintain infant procedural pain management. Equipping parents with knowledge related to infant pain management using an eHealth approach satisfied their information desires. The study findings are important considerations for perinatal care providers, policy makers, and families to finally achieve adequate procedural pain management. This study used the STROBE checklist, adhering to EQUATOR guidelines. A stakeholder group (expectant parents, parents, perinatal researchers, clinicians, and administrators) was created to inform the study design and intervention.

A Product Evaluation of Augmented Reality Equipment Coupled to Diagnostic Medical Sonography: A Potential Equipment and Ergonomic Innovation

Objective: The aim of this product evaluation was to investigate the workflow and occupational health benefits of implementing augmented reality (AR) technology (MediView XR Inc, Cleveland, OH) paired with a portable ultrasound equipment system. Materials and Method: A diverse sample of sonography users was consented and ranged in experience levels. They were asked to complete a video training session, a hands-on demonstration, and remote instruction while using the augmented reality ultrasound (AR US) system. The duration of participants’ tasks was assessed during the use of both AR US and the 2-dimensional ultrasound (2D US) system. Participants’ postures and positions were evaluated using the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), which assessed ergonomic risk factors, linked to body position and muscle usage. Participants also completed the System Usability Scale (SUS). Finally, participants were invited to complete a qualitative interview session, regarding the use of the AR US system. Results: A total of 20 participants provided data after using both the AR US and 2D US systems. The assessment data revealed positive SUS scores, which reflected favorably on both the product, education, and the training provided. The time spent on simulated work (20 minutes), with both imaging systems, remained consistent. The Rapid Upper Limb Assessment tool (RULA) scores for the cohort indicated a lower (better) median upper body score when using the AR US system. The cohort also had a statistically significant lower median subscore for the neck, trunk, and legs, compared with 2D US ( p < 0.00). Conclusion: Although larger studies are necessary to validate these findings, this cohort identified several opportunities for integrating the AR US system. Preliminary evidence suggests that an AR US system may offer occupational health benefits, as part of the imaging workflow.

Technology-Enhanced Feedback System Usability in the Context of Self-Regulation Promotion

Numerous studies have explored the integration of technology-enhanced feedback systems in education. However, there is still a need for further investigation into their specific impact on teacher satisfaction, which is essential for effective feedback delivery to students. This study addresses this gap by analyzing teachers’ satisfaction with the “Compliments and Comments Tool”, a technology-enhanced system developed to provide written feedback to students. Using a quantitative approach, this study examined teachers’ perceptions of the tool’s usability in the Slovenian education context, involving a diverse group of 3412 primary and secondary school teachers. Data were collected through surveys employing the System Usability Scale (SUS) and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) for quantitative analysis, complemented by qualitative insights. The results showed high teacher satisfaction, valuing the tool for facilitating feedback and supporting a positive learning environment. These findings suggest that the “Compliments and Comments Tool” is a valuable addition to educational technology, promoting effective teaching and enhancing student engagement. This study emphasizes the critical role of user-centered design and system usability in educational technology, particularly in fostering effective feedback and promoting student self-regulation.

Sistem Monitoring Kehadiran Mahasiswa Berbasis IoT

Conventional student attendance monitoring systems often face problems such as data inaccuracy and delays in attendance information. This study aims to develop an efficient and real-time RFID and Internet of Things (IoT)-based student attendance monitoring system. The methods used include hardware design using the RC522 RFID module and ESP32 microcontroller, web-based software development, and implementing WhatsApp notifications using the API. The trial results show that the system successfully integrates RFID and IoT technology with a tag reading accuracy level at an optimal distance of 1-5 cm. The system is able to send real-time notifications to parents' WhatsApp with a success rate of around 80% and an average response time of 1.2 seconds from RFID reading to recording in the database. The developed web interface obtained a System Usability Scale (SUS) score of 82.5, indicating a good level of usability. The developed system offers an effective solution to improve the accuracy and efficiency of student attendance monitoring, as well as increasing transparency between educational institutions and parents.

Penerapan Text-To-Speech pada Aplikasi Novel Berbasis Multiplatform

The development of technology and easy access to the internet has affected reading habits, with digital novel platforms becoming popular as an alternative to reading. However, novelists face obstacles in publishing their works, due to fierce competition in the publishing industry. The proposed solution is to build a multiplatform application system as a platform for novelists to publish their works using the Laravel API. The development method used is Waterfall, which consists of five stages of development. This application will provide features that facilitate interaction between novelists and readers, such as likes, comments, and uniquely there is a feature to listen to novels via voice for users who prefer to listen rather than read, with a text-to-speech system. In addition, the app allows novelists to build a stronger fan base. This research aims to provide a practical and efficient platform for novelists to write, edit and publish their works online through the features provided in the application. System testing was carried out using the System Usability Scale (SUS) method to get a score of 79.5 including the Good category with grade scale B. The programming language used in the development of this application is Flutter, which allows the creation of multiplatform applications with responsive and consistent performance on various devices.

Direct Multi-Target Teaching Interface for Autonomous Handling of Multi-Stack Logistics in a Warehouse.

This study presents a framework for enabling autonomous pick-place operations, addressing the need for efficiency in complex logistics environments using a direct multi-target teaching interface. First, tag and segmentation information were combined to recognize products in a complex warehouse, and a camera was installed on the rack to allow workers to remotely see the work environment, allowing workers to view the work environment in real time through a tablet. Workers can access the camera view showing the rack containing the target product through a swiping action and select the target product through direct teaching action. When the target product is finally selected, an optimal path is created through task planning, and an autonomous pick-place operation is performed based on the generated path. As a result of conducting a usability evaluation using the SUS (System Usability Scale) with six users on the interface that enables these tasks, it was confirmed that high user satisfaction was achieved with an average of 77.5 points. In conclusion, the proposed interface enhances operational efficiency and provides a user-friendly solution for complex warehouse tasks.

Augmented Reality Eyewear for Assisting in the Preparation and Control of Cancer Therapies: Assessing the Learning Curve and Level of Adoption.

Since March 2022, the centralized cytotoxic preparation unit at the Lille University Hospital (Lille, France) is equipped with augmented reality eyewear for preparation and quality control. The technology enables a user-friendly guided step by step preparation process. It also assists the user by identifying vials through data matrix scan and recording photos at different stages of preparation in order to replace the in-process double visual inspection which will now be carried out a posteriori during the release control. In this paper, we evaluate user feedback and model the learning curve for this new tool. The team's feedback was evaluated using the System Usability Scale (SUS) and Short User Experience Questionnaire (S-UEQ). Both questionnaires showed very good acceptance of the tool by our teams, with scores of 79.7 for the SUS and 2.014 for the UEQ. Finally, a learning curve was drawn up according to Wright, showing a learning curve of 91%. This study shows that the tool has been very well integrated into our preparation unit.

Optimizing Remote Health Monitoring for Digital Platforms: Evaluating the Efficacy of Gamification in Enhancing Data Collection.

In recent years, the integration of game-like elements into non-gaming contexts has shown promise in enhancing user engagement and motivation. This study assesses the impact of gamification elements on data collection efficacy in m-health applications. An ad-hoc mobile application was developed and used in a randomized two-arm pilot study. Participants interacted either with the gamified meal-logging application or with its non-gamified version for ten days. The results from this study emphasize the benefits of incorporating gamification techniques into health applications embedded in digital platforms. While both versions were well-received, reaching high System Usability Scale (SUS) scores (91 and 93.5) and generally positive feedback, the gamified app demonstrated a distinct advantage in promoting user engagement and consistent data logging. This highlights the importance of gamification in health research, suggesting its potential to ensure thorough and consistent data collection, which is essential for producing reliable research outcomes.

WEBSITE-BASED IMPLEMENTATION IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR SUPERVISORY MANAGEMENT PURPOSES

Website-based implementation of Supervisory Management Information Systems at Inspektorat Daerah Kabupaten Karanganyar is very important in the supervision process for audit reports. Supervision of employee performance that is usually carried out is less effective if it is done physically because it wastes too much time and still uses paper. The purpose of this study is to implement a website-based Supervisory Management Information System, so that employee performance in the audit reporting process can run efficiently and audit reports can be stored directly in the database system. This system is designed using a website-based application with the CodeIgniter framework. The process of designing this system uses the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) stages with the Waterfall method. At the end of the stage, testing is carried out using Black Box Testing and calculating the value of the System Usability Scale (SUS). The results of the Black Box Testing show that the system works perfectly. In the SUS calculation, from 36 Respondents who were inspectorate employees, the average score was 71.86. This shows that this system can be easily used and managed by Inspektorat Daerah Kabupaten Karanganyar.

A human centered design approach to define and measure documentation quality using an EHR virtual simulation.

Electronic health record (EHR) documentation serves multiple functions, including recording patient health status, enabling interprofessional communication, supporting billing, and providing data to support the quality infrastructure of a Learning Healthcare System. There is no definition and standardized method to assess documentation quality in EHRs. Using a human-centered design (HCD) approach, we define and describe a method to measure documentation quality. Documentation quality was defined as timely, accurate, user-centered, and efficient. Measurement of quality used a virtual simulated standardized patient visit via an EHR vendor platform. By observing and recording documentation efforts, nurse practitioners (NPs) (N = 12) documented the delivery of an Age-Friendly Health System (AFHS) 4Ms (what Matters, Medication, Mentation, and Mobility) clinic visit using a standardized case. Results for timely documentation indicated considerable variability in completion times of documenting the 4Ms. Accuracy varied, as there were many types of episodes of erroneous documentation and extra time in seconds in documenting the 4Ms. The type and frequency of erroneous documentation efforts were related to navigation burden when navigating to different documentation tabs. The evaluated system demonstrated poor usability, with most participants scoring between 60 and 70 on the System Usability Scale (SUS). Efficiency, measured as click burden (the number of clicks used to navigate through a software system), revealed significant variability in the number of clicks required, with the NPs averaging approximately 13 clicks above the minimum requirement. The HCD methodology used in this study to assess the documentation quality proved feasible and provided valuable information on the quality of documentation. By assessing the quality of documentation, the gathered data can be leveraged to enhance documentation, optimize user experience, and elevate the quality of data within a Learning Healthcare System.

A Handheld Tool for the Rapid Morphological Identification of Mosquito Species (VectorCam) for Community-Based Malaria Vector Surveillance: Summative Usability Study.

Malaria impacts nearly 250 million individuals annually. Specifically, Uganda has one of the highest burdens, with 13 million cases and nearly 20,000 deaths. Controlling the spread of malaria relies on vector surveillance, a system where collected mosquitos are analyzed for vector species' density in rural areas to plan interventions accordingly. However, this relies on trained entomologists known as vector control officers (VCOs) who identify species via microscopy. The global shortage of entomologists and this time-intensive process cause significant reporting delays. VectorCam is a low-cost artificial intelligence-based tool that identifies a mosquito's species, sex, and abdomen status with a picture and sends these results electronically from surveillance sites to decision makers, thereby deskilling the process to village health teams (VHTs). This study evaluates the usability of the VectorCam system among VHTs by assessing its efficiency, effectiveness, and satisfaction. The VectorCam system has imaging hardware and a phone app designed to identify mosquito species. Two users are needed: (1) an imager to capture images of mosquitos using the app and (2) a loader to load and unload mosquitos from the hardware. Critical success tasks for both roles were identified, which VCOs used to train and certify VHTs. In the first testing phase (phase 1), a VCO and a VHT were paired to assume the role of an imager or a loader. Afterward, they swapped. In phase 2, two VHTs were paired, mimicking real use. The time taken to image each mosquito, critical errors, and System Usability Scale (SUS) scores were recorded for each participant. Overall, 14 male and 6 female VHT members aged 20 to 70 years were recruited, of which 12 (60%) participants had smartphone use experience. The average throughput values for phases 1 and 2 for the imager were 70 (SD 30.3) seconds and 56.1 (SD 22.9) seconds per mosquito, respectively, indicating a decrease in the length of time for imaging a tray of mosquitos. The loader's average throughput values for phases 1 and 2 were 50.0 and 55.7 seconds per mosquito, respectively, indicating a slight increase in time. In terms of effectiveness, the imager had 8% (6/80) critical errors and the loader had 13% (10/80) critical errors in phase 1. In phase 2, the imager (for VHT pairs) had 14% (11/80) critical errors and the loader (for VHT pairs) had 12% (19/160) critical errors. The average SUS score of the system was 70.25, indicating positive usability. A Kruskal-Wallis analysis demonstrated no significant difference in SUS (H value) scores between genders or users with and without smartphone use experience. VectorCam is a usable system for deskilling the in-field identification of mosquito specimens in rural Uganda. Upcoming design updates will address the concerns of users and observers.

Implementation and Evaluation of a Gait Training Assistant for the Use of Crutches: Usability Study.

Surgical procedures on the lower extremities often require weight-bearing on crutches as part of the rehabilitation process. Orthopedic elective procedures enable patients to learn the correct use of crutches in a controlled preoperative setting. Digital assistance systems can safely circumvent a shortage of skilled staff and any contact restrictions that may be necessary. The usability of a newly developed gait training assistant (GTA) for the use of crutches will be evaluated. An intervention group trained to use crutches by the digital trainer will be compared with a control group trained to use crutches conventionally by a physiotherapist. As part of the development and implementation of a novel GTA, 14 patients learned to walk with crutches by completing specific exercises while receiving live feedback. Their movements were detected by a depth sensor and evaluated in real time. Specific parameters (step length, synchronous movement, crutch angle, and crutch distance to the feet) were compared with a control group (n=14) trained to use crutches by physiotherapists. The intervention group was also assessed by a physiotherapist. At the end of the study, the patients completed questionnaires to evaluate the usability of the system (Brooke's System Usability Scale score) and patient satisfaction. All patients trained by the novel GTA were able to use crutches correctly. The intervention group showed significantly better values for crutch angle (mean -6.3°, SD 3.5° vs mean -12.4°, SD 4.5°; P<.001) and crutch position (mean 3.3, SD 5.1 cm vs mean -8.5, SD 4.9 cm; P=.02). Both groups reported that they felt confident in the use of crutches, were able to follow the instructions, and enjoyed the training. Even though the majority (12/14, 86%) preferred physical therapy over a purely digital approach, most participants enjoyed using the system (13/14, 93%) and were interested in trying out other digital assistants (11/14, 79%). The usability of the GTA was rated above average by the majority (9/14, 64%) of the patients. The newly designed GTA is a safe method of teaching the use of crutches and is statistically superior to training by a physiotherapist. Even if patients prefer interaction with a physiotherapist over a purely digital approach, digital devices provide a safe and motivating opportunity to learn the essential locomotor skills for rehabilitation.