State Of System Research Articles

Land and the Plantation Order in Post-Abolition Saint-Domingue, 1795–1802

ABSTRACT This article expands on the analysis of the economic projects developed by Saint-Domingue’s authorities during the Haitian Revolution through a still mostly unexplored source: the recensements des biens domaniaux et urbains de Saint-Domingue. While scholars typically discuss the economic issues of this period by referring to the decrees issued during the revolutionary period, property censuses serve as an indicator of the state of the plantation system and verify the progress of projects designed to recover it. The focus is on the latter, especially those produced in the Northern Province and, most notably, in the Cap-Français arrondissement at the height of the Black army’s control of the region from 1795 to 1802. The documentation reveals not only the progress of economic projects in the region and the transformations in land management in the colony during this time, but also sheds light on the efforts made by former slaves to assert their own understanding of freedom.

Nonuniform Bose–Einstein condensate: II. Doubly coherent states

Abstract We find stationary excited states of a one-dimensional system of N spinless point bosons with repulsive interaction and zero boundary conditions by numerically solving the time-independent Gross–Pitaevskii equation. The solutions are compared with the exact ones found in the Bethe-ansatz approach. We show that the jth stationary excited state of a nonuniform condensate of atoms corresponds to a Bethe-ansatz solution with the quantum numbers n 1 = n 2 = … = n N = j + 1 . On the other hand, such values of n 1 , … , n N correspond to a condensate of N elementary excitations (the Bogoliubov quasiparticles) with the quasimomentum ℏ π j / L , where L is the system size. Thus, each stationary excited state of the condensate is ‘doubly coherent’, since it corresponds simultaneously to a condensate of N atoms and a condensate of N elementary excitations. We find the energy E and the particle density profile ρ ( x ) for such states. The possibility of experimental production of these states is also discussed.

Nonuniform Bose–Einstein condensate: I. An improvement of the Gross–Pitaevskii method

Abstract A nonuniform condensate is usually described by the Gross–Pitaevskii (GP) equation, which is derived with the help of the c-number ansatz Ψ ^ ( r , t ) = Ψ ( r , t ) . Proceeding from a more accurate operator ansatz Ψ ^ ( r , t ) = a ^ 0 Ψ ( r , t ) / N , where N is the number of Bose particles, we find the equation i ℏ ∂ Ψ ( r , t ) ∂ t = − ℏ 2 2 m ∂ 2 Ψ ( r , t ) ∂ r 2 + ( 1 − 1 N ) 2 c Ψ ( r , t ) | Ψ ( r , t ) | 2 , which we call the GP N equation. It differs from the GP equation by the factor ( 1 − 1 / N ) . We compare the accuracy of the GP and GP N equations by analysing the ground state of a one-dimensional system of point bosons with repulsive interaction (c > 0) and zero boundary conditions. Both equations are solved numerically, and the system energy E and the particle density profile ρ ( x ) are determined for the mean particle density ρ ¯ = 1 , different values of N and of the coupling constant γ = c / ρ ¯ . The solutions are compared with the exact ones obtained by the Bethe ansatz. The results show that the GP and GP N equations equally well describe the many-particle system ( N ≳ 100 ) being in the weak coupling regime ( N − 2 ≪ γ ≲ 0.1 ). But for the few-boson system ( N ≲ 10 ) with γ ≲ N − 2 the solutions of the GP N equation are in much better agreement with the exact ones. Thus, the multiplier ( 1 − 1 / N ) allows one to describe few-boson systems with high accuracy. This means that it is reasonable to extend the notion of Bose–Einstein condensation to few-particle systems.

Association between the systemic inflammation response index and kidney stones in US adults: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES 2007-2018.

This study examined the relationship between the systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) and kidney stone occurrence in adults in the United States. It also evaluated its potential as a predictor of kidney stones. A total of 24,833 adult participants were included in the study using cross-sectional data from the 2007-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. A history of kidney stones was ascertained through the administration of a questionnaire, and SIRI values (calculated based on neutrophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte counts) were determined for each participant. Logistic regression models were employed to examine the relationship between SIRI and kidney stones while accounting for potential confounding variables such as gender, age, race, lifestyle, and history of chronic disease. Subgroup analyses were also conducted. A significant positive correlation was observed between SIRI and kidney stones. In the unadjusted model, elevated SIRI was significantly and positively associated with an increased risk of kidney stones (OR = 1.17). Analysis of SIRI quartiles demonstrated a gradual increase in the risk ratio of kidney stones with increasing SIRI levels, indicating a clear dose-response relationship. In particular, in the model adjusted for multiple confounding variables, the risk of developing kidney stones in the highest SIRI quartile was increased by 20% compared to the lowest SIRI quartile (OR = 1.20, P = 0.007). There is a significant positive correlation between SIRI and kidney stones. SIRI may predict kidney stone risk and highlight the systemic inflammatory state's substantial contribution to kidney stones' pathogenesis.

Особливості розумової працездатності студентів під час запровадження нових форм державної атестації

Objective. The purpose of this research is the study of mental features student’s ability to work during the introduction of new forms of state attestation (of the integrated test exam "Krok 2" and the objective structured clinical exam) during the period of emergency situations in the country. Materials and methods. We started a study of the impact of new forms of state certification on the body of graduates and, in particular, studied the peculiarities of the response of the central nervous system of students during the integrated test exam "Krok 2" and an objective structured clinical exam. In order to assess the state of the central nervous system, the study of mental performance according to Anfimov's tables, was conducted in students of the control (84 people) and the studied (133 people) groups. Results. During various forms of final control (integrated test "Krok 2" and an objective structured clinical exam) a significant decrease in the mental capacity of students was established: in the studied groups, compared to the control group, a decrease in the number of revised marks during the proofreading was observed samples, the indicators increased the number of missed characters, indicators of the efficiency coefficient, which characterizes the increase in fatigue, decreased. At the same time, the number of errors made by students of the studied groups significantly decreased, and the accuracy coefficient increased, which may indicate an increase in concentration during the test. Gender differences were revealed: the number of correct actions decreased only in men, and the accuracy coefficient increased only in women. Conclusions. Research results indicate that introduction into the educational process of new forms of state certification is ambiguous. In the course of research on the impact of new forms of state certification of medical university graduates, changes in the functional state of the central nervous system of the body were revealed in comparison with the control group of students. It is necessary to continue and deepen the study of the impact of innovative forms state certification of the integrated test exam "Krok 2" and objective structured clinical exam) as a new hygienic factor and take them into account during the next reforms of higher medical education. Keywords. Graduates, state certification, mental capacity.

Input–output finite-time robust stabilisation of distributed parameter cyber-physical systems with deception attacks

In this paper, we study the state estimation and input–output finite-time (IO-FT) stabilisation issues for cyber-physical distributed parameter systems (CPDPSs) designed by parabolic partial differential equations. More precisely, to reconstruct the immeasurable states of the addressed CPDPSs, a proportional-integral (PI) observer is implemented since the system states are not always readily measurable. Furthermore, the stability analysis is investigated for CPDPSs in the presence of actuator failures, deception assaults, external disturbances and linear fractional uncertainties. Further, a PI observer-based secured quantised reliable controller is designed to ensure the IO-FT stability of the resulting closed-loop system. Moreover, to reduce the burden on the communication medium, the control input data is quantised before transmission by employing logarithmic quantisers. In the meantime, the deception attacks are assumed to possess a stochastic nature which follows Bernoulli distribution. Besides, by utilising Lyapunov stability theory and integral inequality, a set of adequate conditions is obtained for achieving the required result of the undertaken system. Furthermore, the resulting stability criteria are expressed in the form of linear matrix inequalities, which can be solved using the MATLAB software. Eventually, two numerical examples with simulation results are provided to validate the efficacy of the designed controller.

Predictive Model of Pedestrian Crashes Using Markov Chains in the City of Badajoz

Driving a vehicle, whether motorized or not, is a risky activity that can lead to a traffic accident and directly or indirectly affect all road users. In particular, road crashes involving pedestrians have caused the highest number of deaths and serious injuries in recent years. In order to prevent and reduce the occurrence of these types of traffic accidents and to optimize the use of the available resources of the administrations in charge of road safety, an updatable predictive model using Markov chains is proposed in this work. Markov chains are used in fields as diverse as hospital management or electronic engineering, but their application in the field of road safety is considered innovative. They are prediction and decision techniques that allow the estimation of the state of a given system by simulating its stochastic risk level. To carry out this study, the available information on traffic accidents involving pedestrians in the database of the Local Police of Badajoz (a medium-sized city in the southwest of Spain) in the period 2016 to 2023 were analyzed. These data were used to train a predictive model that was subsequently used to estimate the probability of occurrence of a traffic crash involving pedestrians in different areas of this city, information that could be used by the authorities to focus their efforts in those areas with the highest probability of a road crash occurring. This model can improve the identification of high-risk locations, and urban planners can optimize decision making in designing appropriate preventive measures and increase efficiency to reduce pedestrian crashes.

Peptide discovery across the spectrum of neuroinflammation; microglia and astrocyte phenotypical targeting, mediation, and mechanistic understanding.

Uncontrolled and chronic inflammatory states in the Central Nervous System (CNS) are the hallmark of neurodegenerative pathology and every injury or stroke-related insult. The key mediators of these neuroinflammatory states are glial cells known as microglia, the resident immune cell at the core of the inflammatory event, and astroglia, which encapsulate inflammatory insults in proteoglycan-rich scar tissue. Since the majority of neuroinflammation is exclusively based on the responses of said glia, their phenotypes have been identified to be on an inflammatory spectrum encompassing developmental, homeostatic, and reparative behaviors as opposed to their ability to affect devastating cell death cascades and scar tissue formation. Recently, research groups have focused on peptide discovery to identify these phenotypes, find novel mechanisms, and mediate or re-engineer their actions. Peptides retain the diverse function of proteins but significantly reduce the activity dependence on delicate 3D structures. Several peptides targeting unique phenotypes of microglia and astroglia have been identified, along with several capable of mediating deleterious behaviors or promoting beneficial outcomes in the context of neuroinflammation. A comprehensive review of the peptides unique to microglia and astroglia will be provided along with their primary discovery methodologies, including top-down approaches using known biomolecules and naïve strategies using peptide and phage libraries.

Anti-disturbance reliable memory feedback tracking control for unmanned aerial vehicle systems

The problem of memory feedback tracking control for unmanned aerial vehicle systems subject to nonlinear actuator faults and disturbances is investigated in this paper. First, a generalized extended state observer is constructed to get the estimates of the system states and the disturbances. Then, by incorporating the obtained estimates in the control design, an anti-disturbance memory feedback tracking control law is designed such that the resulting closed-loop augmented system is asymptotically stable, and thereby the states of the unmanned aerial vehicle system track the given reference trajectories with satisfactory disturbance rejection performance. Notably, by constructing appropriate asymmetric Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, the stability and stabilization conditions for guaranteeing the desired tracking and disturbance attenuation performance are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Further, the observer gains are evaluated using the pole placement approach. Finally, numerical simulations are given to verify that the proposed control strategy is viable.

Review of domestic inventions on methods for diagnostics of postural disorders of the musculoskal system

The development of the musculoskeletal system depends on many components of anatomically determined changes in the body, the structure of movement patterns and the mechanisms of action involved in it. Postural disorders can arise as a result of various reasons and be a source of further changes in the body, influencing the development of compensatory changes and functional transformations of the motor sphere. Diagnosis of the state of the musculoskeletal system is an urgent task, through which many somatic changes can be corrected or compensated in a timely manner. This article reviews patent documents from databases such as FIPS, Orbit, Google patents over the past 30 years. It was revealed that the study of postural disorders is carried out in four areas of study: visual assessment in a standing position; diagnostic methods using stabilometric platforms; characteristics of disturbances in the assessment of muscle electrical potentials and analysis of the kinematics of motor actions during movement. In their content aspect, these diagnostic methods are focused on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the location of the boundaries of the regions of bone segments, the center of gravity of the body and the parameters of its movement during motor action; assessment of electromyographic indicators of coordination of muscle efforts in static and dynamic positions; analysis of the biomechanics of movement patterns with consideration of various components of the motor act.

Correlations and signaling in the Schrödinger–Newton model

Abstract The Schrödinger–Newton (SN) model is a semi-classical theory in which, in addition to mutual attraction, massive quantum particles interact with their own gravitational fields. While there are many studies on the phenomenology of single particles, correlation dynamics in multipartite systems is largely unexplored. Here, we show that the SN interactions preserve the product form of the initial state of a many-body system, yet on average agreeing with classical mechanics of continuous mass distributions. This leads to a simple test of the model, based on verifying bipartite gravitational evolution towards non-product states. We show using standard quantum mechanics that, with currently accessible single-particle parameters, two masses released from harmonic traps get correlated well before any observable entanglement is accumulated. Therefore, the SN model can be tested with setups aimed at observation of gravitational entanglement with significantly relaxed requirements on coherence time. We also present a mixed-state extension of the model that avoids superluminal signaling.

Increased Concentrations of Dopamine in the Blood and the State of the Immune System in Practically Healthy Residents of the Northern Territories

The numerous effects of dopamine are predetermined by the fact that it, being a chemical precursor of noradrenaline, is secreted in nervous tissue, in the adrenal medulla, kidneys, intestines, and APUD cells (Apudocytes). The purpose of the work is to study the effectiveness of immune reactions at elevated concentrations of dopamine in the blood of practically healthy residents of the northern territories. The results of an immunological examination of 1064 practically healthy people aged 25-55 years living in the Arkhangelsk and Murmansk regions, as well as in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the Komi Republic and the Svalbard archipelago (Barentsburg) were analyzed. It was found that elevated concentrations of dopamine in peripheral venous blood were more often recorded in Arctic residents; during the polar day, dopamine concentrations are higher than in winter. Increased concentrations of dopamine in the blood of Northerners are associated with a decrease in the level of activated T cells with the transferrin receptor and IL-2, T-helper cells, as well as with increased concentrations of IL-1β, TNF-α, cortisol and thyroxine. An increase in dopamine concentration may be a consequence of a cytokine reaction in the nervous tissue to inhibit excessive receptor activity of cells by increasing the concentration of IL-10. The formation of an excess of both central hormones secreted by the pituitary gland and peripheral hormones at the same time is probably due to an increase in the sensitivity threshold of the hypothalamus, which is associated with an increase in the flow of interoceptive impulses of afferent systems.

Design of an epidemic prevention and control bracelet system integrated with convolutional neural networks: Promote real-time physiological feedback and adaptive training in remote physical education

This study aims to design an epidemic prevention and control bracelet system that integrates convolutional neural network (CNN). This system can collect and process the user’s physiological index data in real time, especially in the remote physical education scene, and provide learners with immediate physiological index feedback and personalized adaptive training suggestions through accurate human action recognition (HAR) technology. One-dimensional acceleration signal is converted into two-dimensional image, and CNN’s powerful feature extraction and classification ability is used to effectively solve the problem that manual feature extraction is complex and nonlinear features are difficult to capture. By considering the joint action trajectory in the time window, a dynamic Recurrence Plot (RP) is constructed to capture the dynamic changes among joints. To input recursive graph data into CNN, it needs to be converted into image form. In the task of HAR, CNN can automatically learn useful features from images without manually designing features. It can not only effectively extract features from images, but also be directly used in classification tasks. Experimental results show that compared with other algorithms, the proposed RP + CNN model has the best performance in action recognition, with an accuracy of 96.89% and a F1 value of 86.76%. RP captures the dynamic patterns and periodic behaviors in time series by visualizing the repeated appearance of system states over time. The RP + CNN model is used to extract and classify human action features, which significantly improves the accuracy and efficiency of HAR. This innovative method not only simplifies the complex process of traditional manual feature extraction, but also enhances the system’s ability to identify nonlinear and complex action patterns, which provides strong technical support for remote physical education.

Anti-Jamming Power Control Algorithm for Wireless Communication Systems Based on MPC

In complex electromagnetic environments, wireless communication system reliability can be compromised by various types of jamming. To improve reliability in the presence of malicious jamming, this paper introduces an anti-jamming power control algorithm for wireless communication systems, grounded in model predictive control (MPC) principles. The algorithm models the Yescommunication system as a linear control system, using the current signal-to-jamming-and-noise ratio (SJNR) to predict future system states and transmission power over a defined time horizon. Only the first element of the optimal control sequence is then applied to manage system power. Simulation results indicate that, compared to traditional adaptive power control algorithms, the proposed algorithm responds more swiftly to jamming variations, significantly enhancing communication reliability in high-jamming environments.

Functional status of the cardiovascular system in elderly patients with sarcopenia

Sarcopenia is a pathological condition found in elderly patients that impairs their quality of life and increases the risks of disability. Objective. To assess the functional state of the cardiovascular system in elderly patients with sarcopenia. Materials and methods. The main group included patients with sarcopenia diagnosed according to the criteria of EWGSOP-2 (European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2) supplemented by the screening questionnaire SARC-F (Strength, Assistance with walking, Rising from a chair, Climbing stairs and Falls). The state of the cardiovascular system was assessed based on the results of ECG, echocardiography and duplex examination of vessels at rest. Results. The features of the functional state of the cardiovascular system in sarcopenia were determined, which manifested themselves in the form of impaired repolarization processes and arrhythmic dysfunction, lower parameters of cerebral perfusion, and the presence of an early sign of latent heart failure. Conclusions. The treatment of cardiovascular diseases in the elderly population requires special attention due to the polymorbidity of patients and sarcopenia should be taken into account, among other things, as a factor affecting the state of the cardiovascular system.

Finite-time distributed state and disturbance estimation for LTI systems with disturbance: a PEBO-based approach

For a class of linear time-invariant (LTI) systems with disturbance, the finite-time distributed estimation problem of both system state and disturbance was investigated. First, observability decomposition is performed to transform the original system into a cascaded one that is composed of multiple subsystems, and the system disturbance is modelled as the output of an external system. Second, the first substate and external system state are augmented into a new state, and the explicit relationships between state and unknown parameters are established by applying global filtering transformation. Subsequently, the DREM-based parameter estimator and parameter estimation-based observer are developed to simultaneously estimate the first substate and disturbance in finite time. Then, under a unidirectional communication mechanism between adjacent nodes, the subsequent nodes can obtain the estimates of disturbance and substates of all precursor subsystems and only need to estimate the state of current subsystem. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed methods is illustrated by a numerical example and double-pendulum overhead crane system.

Ultimately bounded control for nonlinear systems under denial-of-service attacks: an accumulation-based event-triggered mechanism

This paper investigates the control problem for nonlinear systems under denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. In contrast to traditional event-triggered mechanisms (ETMs), an accumulation-based ETM, which is robust to abrupt signals, is employed to schedule the signal transmission between sensors and controllers, thereby saving more communication resources. Due to the openness of network-based transmission, DoS attacks are encountered during data transmissions, where the DoS attacks considered in this paper follow the Bernoulli distribution. This paper aims to design a controller for nonlinear systems considering the impact of DoS attacks and accumulation-based ETMs, ensuring that the controlled system state is ultimately bounded in the mean square. Firstly, sufficient conditions are provided to guarantee that the system state can achieve the given control performance, along with an explicit expression for the ultimate bound. Then, the controller gains are obtained by solving certain linear matrix inequalities. Finally, two simulation examples are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the designed controller.

Effects of public data open on performance of government functions in China: the roles of digital economy and market economic system adopting the perspective of resource- based view

IntroductionThe emergence of the digital economy necessitates effective government guidance and regulation of enterprise behavior to ensure fair market competition. Understanding how public data open can enhance the performance of government functions is crucial, particularly in understanding the roles of key factors like the development of the digital economy and the current state of the market economic system. This study explores the effects of public data open on performance of government functions from a resource-based perspective.MethodsUsing a dataset of 237 Chinese cities from 2017 to 2021, we employed a two-way fixed-effects model to investigate the mechanisms. This includes its interaction with the development of the digital economy and the moderating role of the market economic system.ResultsThe findings reveal that public data open significantly improves performance of government functions, as validated by a multi-temporal DID model and various robustness checks. Notably, the development of the digital economy mediates this relationship, while the market economic system has a strong positive moderating effect. The effects of public data open on performance of government functions also exhibits significant variability.DiscussionRecommendations include coordinating regional public data open resource planning and allocation, enhancing public data open rules and objectives by region, and promoting synergy between public data open, development of digital economy and the market economic system.

Realistic binary neutron star initial data with Elliptica

Abstract This work introduces the Elliptica pseudo-spectral code for generating initial data of binary neutron star systems. Building upon the recent Elliptica code update, we can now construct initial data using not only piecewise polytropic equations of state, but also tabulated equations of state for these binary systems. Furthermore, the code allows us to endow neutron stars within the binary system with spins. These spins can have a magnitude close to the mass shedding limit and can point in any direction.

Silymarin administration after cerebral ischemia improves survival of obese mice by increasing cortical BDNF and IGF1 levels.

Obesity is associated with a systemic inflammatory state that contributes to neuroinflammation and increases the risk of stroke at an early age. Stroke is the third leading cause of death worldwide and the leading cause of permanent disability. This work aimed to assess whether obesity-induced neuroinflammation can be a prognostic stroke factor that can be improved with oral administration of silymarin, an anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective drug. Male C57/Bl6 mice were used to establish an obesity model through a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Cerebral ischemia was performed with photothrombosis in the left motor cortex at the end of the diet. Following the induction of ischemia, silymarin (100 mg/kg) was administered orally for 14 days. Levels of pro-inflammatory (IL1β, TNFα, and MCP1) and anti-inflammatory markers (IL4, IL10), neurotrophic factors (IGF1, BDNF), and CX3CL1 were assessed in the cortex and striatum using ELISA. Mice on the HFD gained significantly more weight than control subjects and exhibited altered glucose metabolism, which was improved after silymarin treatment. The survival rate was significantly lower in HFD mice (52.2%) compared to control mice (86%). Silymarin treatment improved survival in both ischemic groups (non-diet control: 95.7%, HFD: 78.3%). Silymarin raised cortical TNFα, IL4, IL10, IGF1, BDNF, and CX3CL1 levels in the HFD group with stroke, while the striatum did not present relevant differences. Our findings suggest that silymarin improves glucose metabolism, possibly impacting post-stroke survival in obese mice. The increased levels of neurotrophic factors BDNF and IGF1, along with microglial regulatory factor CX3CL1, may contribute to the improved survival observed. These results indicate that silymarin could be a potential therapeutic option for managing neuroinflammation and enhancing post-stroke outcomes in obese individuals.