Speed Of System Research Articles

Simulation Research on Fuzzy PID Control for Transmission Shaft Rolling Control System

The transmission shaft rolling control system is characterized by time-varying and nonlinear properties. To improve the system's dynamic performance and of anti-interference ability, fuzzy PID control is proposed to apply to transmission shaft rolling control system. The mathematical model of the control system is built and a fuzzy PID controller is designed based on the fuzzy control theory. By using MATLAB/Simulink tool for comparison, the simulation results show that the fuzzy PID control compared with the conventional PID control, has improved the system's dynamic response speed by 0.04s. By amplitude 1 interference effect, the system's maximum overshoot is reduced by 3.4%.

Development of a multiplex stimulated Raman microscope for spectral imaging through multi-channel lock-in detection

We report the development of a multiplex stimulated Raman microscope for spectral imaging through multi-channel lock-in detection with a single light source. A white pump beam is prepared with a piece of photonic crystal fiber (PCF). The system does not require the synchronization of plural light sources or the scanning of their wavelengths, and thus a jitter-free pair of pump and Stokes beams is obtained, and a high degree of temporal synchronization is attained in the spectra. The multi-channel lock-in detection (extended to 128 channels) enables the observation of pseudo-continuous stimulated Raman spectra, demonstrating the strong ability of qualitative analysis to identify various types of C-H stretching modes such as the symmetric and asymmetric modes of the methylene∕methyl and aromatic groups. Images of a mixed film of polystyrene and polymethylmethacrylate are presented to demonstrate the system's spectral imaging ability. The spatial distribution of these materials is successfully captured through one-time imaging, although the noise of the white light pump beam generated with the PCF limits the system's imaging speed.

Study on Household Registration Management System

The development of University of household registration management system involves the establishment and maintenance of the background database and the foreground dynamic WEB development.The household registration management system designed with ASP.NET, database using SQL SERVER.The system is developed with DREAMWEAVER and speed up the use of IIS server to the system's overall speed, the overall system using the framework of B/S structure,the household registration management system functions to the basic design of the modern household registration management of the practical application needs.

Abstract 3220: A microfluidic, multi-analyte, high sensitivity, immunoassay platform for rapid biomarker detection.

Abstract Traditionally, protein analytes or biomarkers have been measured individually in ELISAs. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that multiple markers are associated with multivariate diseases like cancer. Despite demand, the adoption of multi-analyte biomarker tests in clinical research has been severely limited for many reasons including technical concerns regarding assay reproducibility, time and the labor-intensive nature of assay panel development, and reported non-correlation with conventional ELISA data. To address this issue, we have developed a novel fully automated desktop immunoassay platform that enables simultaneous interrogation of four analytes in eight individual samples on a single disposable microfluidic cartridge in under an hour. We have devised a unique approach to immobilize antibodies that results in assays with high sensitivities (femtomolar) and broad dynamic ranges (>4 logs). Twenty microliters of patient sample are split into parallel channels containing individual immunoassays. By segregating each assay to a discrete location, the multi-analyte assay mimics single-analyte ELISAs, thus enabling each assay to operate under its optimal conditions. This methodology combines the specificity of a traditional ELISA immunoassay, where the sample is assayed by a singular pair of capture and detect antibodies eliminating cross-reactivity and other negative interactions from other antibody pairs while offering the benefits of a multiplexed antigen analysis. We describe the system's design, speed, sensitivity and reproducibility using data generated with a custom-built 4-analyte pro-inflammatory panel cartridge (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNFα) on clinical samples. We demonstrate that our assay system is ideal for quantitative analysis of soluble protein markers in clinical research and in clinical trials. Citation Format: Rajiv Pande, John H. Leamon, Marty Putnam, M Pitta, D Svancara, J Tu. A microfluidic, multi-analyte, high sensitivity, immunoassay platform for rapid biomarker detection. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3220. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3220

An empirical investigation of the development of driver's mental model of a Lane Departure Warning system while driving

Abstract Like all man-made artefacts, Advanced Driver Assistance Systems have certain limitations beyond which they cannot function properly or work at all. The users in the driving domain have diverse backgrounds and it is likely that many of them start interacting with the technology without having gained detailed knowledge, such as by reading user manuals. This study explores whether drivers with only minimal knowledge of the Lane Departure Warning system can recognize the system's speed threshold and update themselves about this in a dynamic driving environment. Since drivers are not always single-mindedly focused on driving, a group of participants was also prompted to perform a secondary task while driving. Our investigation allowed us to estimate the effects of 1) drivers' minimal mental model of the system's working and 2) insufficient knowledge concerning the system capacities, upon their situation awareness and their capabilities of learning from experience. It was assumed that the demands of multitasking would impair the driver's ability to observe the system's state and delay the mental model improvement process, compared to a setting in which driving was the only task. Experiment results using a driving simulator have been presented.

Algorithms for Combined Inter- and Intra-Task Dynamic Voltage Scaling

Dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) is one of the most effective techniques for reducing energy consumption on battery-operated embedded systems. According to the granularity of units to which voltage scaling is applied, the DVS problem can be divided into two subproblems: (i) inter-task DVS problem and (ii) intra-task DVS problem. A lot of effective DVS techniques have addressed either one of the two subproblems, but none of them have attempted to solve both simultaneously. This paper examines the problem of combined inter-and intra-task DVS, called the combined DVS (CDVS) problem. We solve the CDVS problem in two embedded system domains: one is systems with a sleep state and the other without sleep state. For systems without sleep state, we propose a close-to-optimal algorithm for the CDVS problem. We show that the algorithm is optimal when the power is a quadratically increasing function of the system's clock speed or the applied voltage level. For systems with a sleep state, we propose a refinement algorithm that fine-tunes the solution to the CDVS problem without sleep state to further reduce energy consumption by exploiting sleep state. Experimental results show that our proposed CDVS algorithm without sleep state is able to reduce the energy consumption by 12.5% on average over the results by the method that sequentially performs two existing inter-and intra-task DVS techniques, which are both optimal under no sleep state. Furthermore, our CDVS algorithm with a sleep state can reduce the energy consumption by 7.1% on average over the results by the conventional representative method that utilizes sleep state, but does not consider intra-and inter-task DVS simultaneously.

An Implementation of FIR Filter by FPGA Used onSAR Preprocessing Filter

In the real-time processing system of Synthetic Aperture Radar, the preprocessor play a very important role and the main component of the preprocessor is FIR filter. As for the requirements of the Synthetic Aperture Radar's preprocessing filter, this paper proposes a method of FPGA based FIR filter design by linear FIR digital filter window function and accomplished a 16-tap 8-bit FIR filter by using XCV100E FPGA devices. As for the key technical problem-the multipliers, we give the Distributed Arithmetic which converts the multiplications into some look-up operations. This arithmetic uses the LUT resources in the FPGA fully and can improve the system's speed and system's reliability. The design method is very useful for the accomplishment of real-time processor of SAR and will benefit the space-borne Synthetic Aperture Radar real-time processing system. The results of simulation on the hardware circuit prove this method is efficient and can meet the design requirements very well.

Complex Conjugate Resolved Retinal Imaging by One-micrometer Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Using an Electro-optical Phase Modulator

Full-range spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) with a 1-<TEX>${\mu}m$</TEX> band light source is shown here. The phase of the reference beam is continuously stepped while the probing beam scans the sample laterally (B-scan). The two dimensional spectral interferogram obtained is processed by a Fourier transform method to obtain a complex spectrum leading to a full-range OCT image. A detailed mathematical explanation of the complex conjugate resolving method utilized is provided. The system's measurement speed was 7.96 kHz, the measured axial resolution was <TEX>$9.6{\mu}m$</TEX> in air and the maximum sensitivity 99.4 dB. To demonstrate the effect of mirror image elimination, In vivo human eye pathology was measured.

Apparatus For Two-Dimensional Transducers Used In Three-Dimensional Ultrasonic Imaging

A single chip transducer apparatus that includes on-chip electronic circuitry which, when connected properly to a two-dimensional matrix of ultrasonic transducer elements, provides enough information to an external imaging system to form three-dimensional images of the subject of interest. In a preferred embodiment, the circuitry provides an amplifier for each transducer element, and then conditions the output of the amplifier in several ways. In one embodiment of the invention, the elements' analog voltages are stored in a sample and hold circuit, and time multiplexed into a high speed line driver that sends many elements data down the interconnect to the system's high speed Analog to Digital converters. In another embodiment, the gain of the amplifiers can be controlled in time to provide aperture translation and time based expansion for translating and focusing image slices in the elevation direction.

Real-time visual content description system based on MPEG-7 descriptors

This paper presents a real-time Visual Content Description System (VCDS) based on MPEG-7 descriptors. In our approach the system's structure is divided into two parts, the first of which is the extraction of the descriptors using the VCDS. The second part uses the descriptors' values in a particular search algorithm. We propose here original solutions for both parts. The proposed system architecture could be used for real-time video indexing and retrieval, content summarization, content delivery, surveillance, personalized services, etc. The descriptor extractor IP core, which is part of the VCDS, implements four MPEG-7 visual descriptors and was designed for ASIC implementation in CMOS 0.35 μm, which is a novel solution for a real-time content description problem. The proposed hardware architecture splits the computational burden into several threads, so that calculations are made simultaneously in order to improve the system's speed. These methods make the hardware implementation of the most computationally demanding modules of the system more time- and power-efficient. Four different variations of the basic hardware architecture are discussed. New search algorithms based on the VCDS responses are also proposed. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the hardware architectures, and the new approach to similarity-based searching methods.

The use of information systems in the Greek public financial services: The case of TAXIS

Abstract One of the most important transactions between government and citizens is taxation. The modernization efforts of the public sector using information and communication technology (ΙCT) have led to the application of large information systems. TAXIS (TAX Information System) is a major information system in the Greek public financial sector. It supports the Inland Revenue Services' employees to serve the citizens and the state. This study investigated the TAXIS usage and its evaluation by the tax office employees. An appropriate questionnaire was developed and distributed to tax office employees in three branches. The analysis of one hundred responses revealed useful results for governmental policy makers, tax officials as well as public information system developers. Most responders were pleased with TAXIS' characteristics except of the handbooks' effectiveness and the system's speed. Gender differences were located in their daily usage, problems' awareness, feelings and considerations about the security of TAXIS.

Research of Detector for Surface Defects of Steel Ball Based on Improved PID Control

This paper used digital image technology to detect surface defects of steel ball, and designed mechanism body and the corresponding control system. In order to improve the poor control effect of basic PID, we put forward modified PID control strategy, combining speed-variable integral, differential, and anti-saturation integral, then realized optimum design for PID parameters. The experimental results indicated that PID control strategy in the paper based on optimizing parameters had a maximum output at the initial time interval, so that the response speed of system would be much higher, and the adjusting time would also be shorter.

Video rate electrical impedance tomography of vascular changes: preclinical development

Peripheral vasculature disease is strongly correlated with cardiovascular-associated mortality. Monitoring circulation health, especially in the peripheral limbs, is vital to detecting clinically significant disease at a stage when it can still be addressed through medical intervention. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) maps the electrical properties of tissues within the body and has been used to image dynamically varying physiology, including blood flow. Here, we suggest that peripheral vasculature health can be monitored with EIT by imaging the hemodynamics of peripheral vessels and the surrounding tissues during reactive hyperemia testing. An analysis based on distinguishability theory is presented that indicates that an EIT system capable of making measurements with a precision of 50 µV may be able to detect small changes in vessel size associated with variations in blood flow. An EIT system with these precision capabilities is presented that is able to collect data at frame rates exceeding 30 fps over a broad frequency range up to 10 MHz. The system's high speed imaging performance is verified through high contrast phantom experiments and through physiological imaging of induced ischemia with a human forearm. Region of interest analysis of the induced ischemia images shows a marked decrease in conductivity over time, changing at a rate of approximately −3 × 10−7 S m−1 s−1, which is the same order of magnitude as reported in the literature. The distinguishability analysis suggests that a system such as the one developed here may provide a means to characterize the hemodynamics associated with blood flow through the peripheral vasculature.

Pilot Test of a Proposed Chemical/Biological/Radiation/ Nuclear-Capable Mass Casualty Triage System

Introduction. Existing mass casualty triage systems do not consider the possibility of chemical, biological, or radiologic/nuclear (CBRN) contamination of the injured patients. A system that can triage injured patients who are or may be contaminated by CBRN material, developed through expert opinion, was pilot-tested at an airport disaster drill. The study objective was to determine the system's speed andaccuracy. Methods. For a drill involving a plane crash with release of organophosphate material from the cargo hold, 56 patient scenarios were generated, with some involving signs andsymptoms of organophosphate toxicity in addition to physical trauma. Prior to the drill, the investigators examined each scenario to determine the “correct” triage categorization, assuming proper application of the proposed system, andtrained the paramedics who were expected to serve as triage officers at the drill. During the drill, the medics used the CBRN triage system to triage the 56 patients, with two observers timing andrecording the events of the triage process. The IRB deemed the study exempt from full review. Results. The two triage officers applied the CBRN system correctly to 49 of the 56 patients (87.5% accuracy). One patient intended to be T2 (yellow) was triaged as T1 (red), for an over-triage rate of 1.8%. Five patients intended to be T1 were triaged as T2, andone patient intended to be T2 was triaged as T3 (green), for an under-triage rate of 10.7%. All six under-triage cases were due to failure to recognize or account for signs of organophosphate toxidrome in applying the triage system. For the 27 patients for whom times were recorded, triage was accomplished in a mean of 19 seconds (range 4-37, median 17). Conclusions. The chemical algorithm of the proposed CBRN-capable mass casualty triage system can be applied rapidly by trained paramedics, but a significant under-triage rate (10.7%) was seen in this pilot test. Further refinement andtesting are needed, andeffect on outcome must be studied.

Real-time shape description system based on MPEG-7 descriptors

The paper presents a real-time shape description system based on MPEG-7 standard descriptors. The proposed system architecture is used for description in real-time image object's shape basing on features such as contour and occupied region. The proposed hardware architecture splits the computational burden into several processes where calculations of mentioned object's features are made simultaneously in order to improve system's speed. A novel approximation method for estimation of peak's height in the curvature scale space (CSS) representation of the shape as well as the artificial neural network (ANN) used in system development process for generalization of the data samples received from the approximation module. These methods make hardware realizations of main computational-consuming modules of the system more time efficient.

Intelligent input software of Tibetan

This paper exhibits an original study and design of an intelligent input method of Tibetan based on phrases. A system is developed to input Tibetan phrases through only one-step transcribing using Tibetan–Latin transcribing method. This study successfully solved the challenge of consistent, accurate, and convenient Tibetan inputting using Latin transcribing of syllables and words. The system has newly formed words or phrases, and high frequency word first and dynamic adjustment ability, so it can reach an intelligent level. Experiments demonstrated that the system's input speed improves by a large margin.

適合画像の自動分類による多グループフィードバックを用いた対話型画像検索

We previously proposed an interactive image retrieval system that uses the group-based relevance feedback method. We now propose a new system that groups relevant images automatically to reduce the burden on the user that existed in the previous system. We also previously introduced an efficient learning method that uses the rough set theory's “local reduct”. The results of our experiments demonstrated that, in our proposed system, the burden on the user is reduced without any decrease in retrieval performance. The proposed system's retrieval response speed and the suitable interface for trial-and-error retrieval are easy to use.

On MultiModuli residue number systems with moduli of forms r/sup a/, r/sup b/-1, r/sup c/+1

The residue number system (RNS) is an integer system appropriate for implementing fast digital signal processors since it can support parallel, carry-free, high-speed arithmetic. One of the most important considerations when designing RNS systems is the choice of the moduli set. This is due to the fact that the system's speed, its dynamic range, as well as its hardware complexity depend on both the forms and the number of the chosen moduli. When performing high radix-r(r>2) arithmetic, moduli of forms r/sup a/, r/sup b/-1 and r/sup c/+1 imply simple RNS arithmetic and efficient weighted (radix-r)-to-RNS and RNS-to-weighted (radix-r) conversions. In this paper, new multimoduli high radix-r RNS systems based on moduli of forms r/sup a/, r/sup b/-1 and r/sup c/+1 are presented. These systems will be derived from some recently developed theory. Such systems including moduli of forms r/sup a/, r/sup b/-1 and r/sup c/+1 are appropriate for multiple-valued logic implementations or high radix (r>2) arithmetic using binary logic. The new RNS systems are balanced, achieve fast and simple RNS computations and conversions and implement large dynamic ranges. The specific case of the binary (radix r=2) domain is also presented.

Nonlinear controls for a class of discrete‐time bilinear systems

AbstractFor a discrete‐time neutrally stable bilinear system, a nonlinear state feedback control based on the passivity design has been proposed to stabilize the system globally and asymptotically. This paper shows that the decay rate resulting from the passivity control is not exponential, and the system's response speed becomes very sluggish asymptotically. A ‘normalized’ nonlinear control is therefore proposed to achieve exponential stability. The new exponentially stabilizing control not only improves the system's response speed, but also enhances the system's robustness against small parametric perturbations. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

FUZZY MESSAGE REQUIREMENT CLASSIFIERS SYSTEM AND AN APPLICATION TO THE IC TEST MACHINE DIAGNOSTICS-I

ABSTRACT In modern complex environment with continuous updating information, knowledge acquisition has become a bottleneck for the expert systems. A symbolic artificial intelligence (AI) system may possess reasoning knowledge with interpretability, but lack of learning capability, especially when environment status and dynamic trend change, and habits of input condition switch. Numerical artificial intelligence systems, on the other hand, possess relearning capability, but lack of interpretability, such as a bunch of hard intuitive and hard recognizing weights for representing knowledge. Therefore, integrating the advantages of the two types of systems can be an important issue in current and future research. Holland first proposed the classifiers system in 1975. The classifiers systems are genetic-algorithm based, incorporate the reinforcement learning, and constitute one of the theories of machine learning. It uses simple binary-variables (1, 0, #) for knowledge representation and expedites the system's responsive speed. Nevertheless, there is a limitation if it encountered with environmental uncertainty or fuzziness, continuous input variables and fuzzy feedback. Based on these demands described above, this paper proposes a fuzzy message requirement classifiers system (FMRCS), which integrates learning and reasoning. The FMRCS consists of two systems: the message requirement classifiers system (MRCS) and the fuzzy classifiers system (FCS). First, the MRCS simulates the internal reasoning process of human being and finds the key factors of decision problem under limited known messages in the problem domain. Then, according to the key factors created by the MRCS, the FCS learns the relationships between all factors concerned of the problem domain and various results of this problem.