Reading System Research Articles

Development of a direct reading system for an RFID-tagged Uni-puck in liquid nitrogen

The Structural Biology Research Centre in KEK has operated macromolecular crystallography beamlines at the Photon Factory. We have developed the sample exchange system PAM and implemented it on the beamlines for high-throughput, remote, and automated experiments. To prevent sample mix-ups by human error, we identify the Uni-pucks using a commercially available cryo-pin with a two-dimensional (2D) code. However, reading the 2D code sometimes fails because of frost growth when the cold cryo-pin is transferred from liquid nitrogen into the air. To achieve reliable identification, we are developing a sample identification system that uses radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags. We successfully read an RFID tag on a Uni-puck placed in a puck-adapter directly immersed in liquid nitrogen.

Exploring of Quran Illiteracy in Several Hamlets, Celawan Village, Pantai Cermin District, Serdang Bedagai Regency

Al-Qur'an illiteracy is not being able to understand and read the Qur'an properly and correctly based on the rules of reading the Qur'an, namely Tajweed. The government has launched a program to eradicate illiteracy, including the Koran script. The ability to read the Koran in the Economics of Parents Against Blind Indonesia is currently still weak and the literacy of school-age children is low. Based on survey data, Sumber Wringin District. Carried out by DMI (Indonesian Mosque Council) said that, because of the Indonesian factor, only 35% of the people of Celawan were socially marginalized in reading the Koran in Indonesia. The matter of society and economic inclusion was conveyed by the deputy chairman into the general category of DMI, Komjen Pol Syafruddin. People's inability to work makes them less concerned about reading the Qur'an and is very concerned about religious education. The program will be implemented in destroying or eradicating the blindness of the writing system and ways of reading the Koran. For the children of Celawan Village, the majority of which are vegetable farmers and rice farmers, they still help their parents in the fields and play after school. Purpose of this Research is to find out the methods and constraints of illiteracy in the Koran in order to solve the problem in Celawan Village. The approach used is descriptive qualitative research.

Contributions of metalinguistic awareness and lexical inference to reading comprehension in upper‐elementary Chinese students

BackgroundThe present study aimed to examine and compare the relative contributions of three facets of metalinguistic awareness (phonological awareness, orthographic awareness and morphological awareness) and lexical inferencing ability to Chinese reading comprehension across upper elementary grades.MethodFifty‐three third graders, 79 fourth graders and 108 fifth graders were administered a battery of tests including non‐verbal intelligence, phonological awareness, morphological awareness, orthographic awareness, lexical inference and reading comprehension.ResultsThe multivariate analyses across grade groups revealed the continued progress in children's performances on morphological awareness but not on phonological and orthographic awareness. More important, hierarchical regressions exhibited the same pattern across grades, suggesting that morphological awareness was the sole consistent indicator of reading comprehension in all grades. Finally, lexical inferencing ability contributed to reading comprehension only in fifth‐grade students after accounting for the effects of metalinguistic awareness.ConclusionOur findings highlight the importance of morphological awareness as the most potent meaning‐building metalinguistic skill that can consistently predict Chinese reading comprehension in upper elementary children and indicate that the contribution of lexical inferencing ability differs as a function of children’s reading skills. Results were discussed in relation to the Reading Systems Framework and implications for educational instruction were provided.

An Offline Image Auditing System for Legacy Meter Reading Systems in Developing Countries: A Machine Learning Approach

The developing countries are challenged with overbilling and underbilling, due to manual meter reading, which results in consumer dissatisfaction and loss of revenue. The existing automated meter reading (AMR) solutions are expensive; hence, sample-based manual snap auditing systems are introduced to control such meter reading inaccuracies. In these systems, the meter reader, besides reading, also collects meter images, which are used to manually audit the meter’s accuracy. Although such systems are inexpensive, they are limited in their ability to be sustainable and ensure 100% accurate meter readings. In this paper, a novel offline optical character recognition (OCR) system-based Snap Audit system is proposed and tested for its efficient and real-time 100% accurate meter reading capabilities. The experimental results on 5,000 real-world instances show that the proposed approach processes an image in 0.05 seconds with 94% accuracy. Moreover, the developed approach is evaluated with four state-of-the-art algorithms: region convolution neural network (RCNN), nanonets, Fast-OCR, and PyTesseract. The results provide evidence that our new system design along with novel approach is more robust and efficient as compared to existing algorithms by 43.6%.

Design of pH Measuring Equipment for Liquid Waste from Coal Mining Using Arduino Uno

In coal mining, to check the pH content of the water in the liquid waste from coal mining, most of the mining workers use conventional methods, namely by measuring using a digital pH meter or litmus paper periodically. Manual pH reading system makes handling slow. Based on these reasons the researchers designed a tool that can monitor pH values, the working principle of this tool is that the pH electrode is inserted into the sample solution, then the electrode detects the sample solution and changes the electrical signal, where the output will be amplified by an amplifier circuit in the form of an analog voltage, then on Arduino uno analog data is converted to digital data or ADC (Analog To Digital Conversion) after which it is converted again to pH value and displayed on an LCD that has been equipped with I2C. And this tool is also equipped with an RTC (Real Time Clock) so that it can display the time at which pH data is taken in the waste. The results of the calibration of the pH sensor obtained a linear equation, namely, Y = 25.84 - 7.1211X so that the designed tool has an error percentage of the manufacturer's pH meter tool of 1.028 %. By using this tool, the writer concludes that 0.4 grams of camphor (CaO) on the prototype or 480 kg in real conditions with a pool area of 600 m^3 can reduce the output voltage on the pH sensor from 3.20 V to 2.56 V thereby increasing the pH value. from 3.07 to 7.58 in pool 4 or drain pool.

Interpreting comprehension outcomes after multiple-component reading intervention for children and adolescents with reading disabilities

Many children and adolescents with reading comprehension difficulties demonstrate impairment in lexical and sublexical foundational skills, and require intervention for multiple levels of the reading system. This paper provides a merged analysis of results from four controlled intervention studies conducted by our research group: Children and adolescents with reading disabilities (RD) received multiple-component remediation at different ages (early elementary, middle school, high school). All participants demonstrated multi-faceted reading impairment, and all received intervention targeting decoding, word reading, text reading, and comprehension skills. Studies with younger children (Grades 1–3) demonstrated more robust comprehension effects on multiple comprehension measures, while studies with older readers demonstrated more equivocal comprehension effects despite gain on more foundational skills. A parallel moderated-mediation model, using data merged across studies, revealed that intervention-related decoding and word reading change mediated the relationship between intervention and reading comprehension gains. This mediation effect was strongly moderated by age, with younger children demonstrating the greatest mediation. The younger the child, the greater the effects of intervention and the more comprehension gains depended on decoding gains.

Image-based Automatic Dial Meter Reading in Unconstrained Scenarios

The replacement of analog meters with smart meters is costly, laborious, and far from complete in developing countries. The Energy Company of Paraná (Copel) (Brazil) performs more than 4 million meter readings (almost entirely of non-smart devices) per month, and we estimate that 850 thousand of them are from dial meters. Therefore, an image-based automatic reading system can reduce human errors, create a proof of reading, and enable the customers to perform the reading themselves through a mobile application. We propose novel approaches for Automatic Dial Meter Reading (ADMR) and introduce a new dataset for ADMR in unconstrained scenarios, called UFPR-ADMR-v2. Our best-performing method combines YOLOv4 with a novel regression approach (AngReg), and explores several post-processing techniques. Compared to previous works, it decreased the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) from 1343 to 129 and achieved a meter recognition rate (MRR) of 98.9% — with an error tolerance of 1 Kilowatt-hour (kWh).

TECH ASSISTANCE FOR BLIND PEOPLE

Throughout the world, there are 39 million blind people. They face issues in their day-to-day life, be it accessing any written script or even recognising their knowns. The proposed system helps them to recognise people (using face recognition), detect any obstacle in the path (thus providing an ease in their day-to-day life), and convert textual scripts into audio signals (text detection) that are provided to the blind person with the help of a microphone. A RPi camera is used to collect all the visuals and RASPBERRY PI 4Bboard. The conventionally used braille system of reading is not very efficient and also all textual scripts are not available in braille language. Therefore, this device can be a great assistance to a blind person as it is low weight, economical and efficient.

Prototype Measuring Levels of Dissolved Ammonia Based on TSL2561 Sensor Calibrated Thermo Scientific Genesys 30 Visible Spectrophotometer

In this study, a prototype measuring instrument for dissolved ammonia levels based on the TSL2561 sensor and calibrated thermo scientific Genesys 30 visible spectrophotometers has been realized, which aims to create a system for reading dissolved ammonia levels. This measuring instrument uses a violet LED as a light source, Arduino UNO as the central processor, and an I2C LCD to display measured values. This research was carried out by reading sensor tests on artificial instruments and spectrophotometer with dissolved ammonia samples with levels varying from 0-0.3 mg/l to obtain an equation for converting the absorbance value of the artificial measuring instrument into the dissolved ammonia level value, which was implemented in the Arduino program. Furthermore, an artificial measuring instrument is applied by measuring the dissolved ammonia level in the wastewater sample, namely the wastewater from the shrimp seeds tank, artemia tank, and tilapia tank. This measuring instrument has a measurement range from 0-0.3 mg/l. The sensor test results show that the greater the dissolved ammonia level, the greater the absorbance value. The results of the application of artificial measuring instruments obtained the value of dissolved ammonia levels in the wastewater of the shrimp seeds tank of 0.2811 mg/l, the wastewater of the artemia tank of 0.0672 mg/l, and the wastewater of the tilapia pond at 0.0156 mg/l. Based on the calculation results, it was obtained that the average accuracy and precision for the shrimp seeds tank wastewater was 98.63% and 98.47%, the Artemia tank wastewater was 97.72% and 98.08%, while for the pond wastewater tilapia by 95.71% and 99.74 %.

"한국한자어에 반영된 이른 시기 성모 층위 고찰 — 국립국어원 󰡔표준국어대사전󰡕(1999) ▽표시 한자음을 중심으로"

In this paper, among the cases of ∇-marked Sino-Korean pronunciations in the Standard Korean Language Dictionary (1999) of the National Institute of the Korean Language, cases that reflect relatively early initial phonological strata compared to the current literary reading system are examined. The first topic dealt with is the phenomenon in which initials yǐ 以 are realized as r- in some Sino-Korean words such as georyang (擧揚∇) and Jirisan (智異∇山). It is analyzed because they reflect the phonological layer of Old Chinese when initials yǐ 以 were realized as a liquid sound. The second topic dealt with is the phenomenon in which some initials xia 匣 are realized as k- in some Sino-Korean words. It can be the result of analogical changes by the influence of the sounds of similar graphs, but considering the close relationship between initials xia 匣 and initials qun 群 in Old Chinese, and the phonological characteristics of the early Sino-Korean system revealed in the data of place names and personal names in the Silla period, the possibility of reflecting the historical layer of the Old Chinese should not be ruled out. Third, this paper discusses the phnomenen in which some initials zhāng 章 are realized as k- in some Sino-Korean words. The realization of “只” as “ki” in sinographic vernacular writing data reflects the phonological characteristics of Old Chinese. Fourth, this paper points out that the “jang” and “jung” sounds appearing in “jangpo (菖▽蒲)” and “jungsil (充▽實)” may reflect the phonological characteristics of early Korean in which aspirated and unaspirated sounds of plosives(including affricates) were not differentiated as phonemes. This case is different from others discussed in this paper, as it reflects the phonological characteristics of Korean language, not of the Chinese that was borrowed. It can be seen that when analyzing the data of Sino-Korean, which is a product of language contact, the phonological features of the both languages in the contact should be considered. Finally, the cases where the aspiratization of the level (平) tone voiced obstruent initials of Middle Chinese is not reflected are dealt with. Although the literary readings of “皮”, “筒” and “骰” in Modern Sino-Korean are all aspirated, reflecting the layer of the Chinese since the Song dynasty, in some Sino-Korean words such as “nokbi (鹿皮▽)”, “jeondong (箭筒▽)”, and “duja (骰▽子)” they are realized as unaspirated sounds, reflecting the phonological layer before the devoicing and aspiratization occurred in the Song dynasty.

Sistem Pengendalian Salinitas Air Pada Budidaya Cacing Nipah Namalycastis rhodochorde Berbasis Internet of Things (IoT)

Nypa palm worm (Namalycastis rhodochorde) is a new species of Polychaeta class found in Sei Kakap area. Apart from being obtained from the river coast, cultivation is one way to get worms, but the cultivation of nypa palm worm is still within the scope of the lab and is done manually. Manual cultivation has a problems, especially in controlling water salinity which affects the survival or survival rate of worm. Therefore, this requires an Internet of Things in installation of worm cultivation. This system aims to control the salinity of the water and then monitor the salinity and temperature of the water as well as the temperature and humidity of the air. Another goal is to control water salinity which affects the survival rate of worms. The results of monitoring and controlling the water salinity will be displayed on a website-based application. Arduino Uno is used as hardware that controls the system, NodeMCU ESP32 is used as a tool to connect to the server, water salinity sensor is used to measure water salinity, DS18B20 sensor is used to measure water temperature, as well as DHT11 sensor is used to measure air temperature and humidity. The results of testing the reading system of each sensor obtained an error value 0,017% and 0,032% water salinity sensors, 0,015% DS18B20 sensor, as well as 0.011% and 0.003% DHT11 sensor. Application of the system can reduce water salinity by 1-3 ppt and resulted in the survival rate of worms by 41%.

ISTART: Adaptive Comprehension Strategy Training and Stealth Literacy Assessment

The Interactive Strategy Training for Active Reading and Thinking (iSTART) game-based intelligent tutoring system (ITS) was developed with a foundation of comprehension theory and principles of learning science to improve students’ comprehension of complex scientific texts. iSTART has been shown to improve reading comprehension for learners from middle school through adulthood, particularly lower knowledge readers, through strategy instruction and game-based practice. This paper describes iSTART, the theoretical foundations that have guided iSTART development, and evidence for the feasibility of game-based practice to improve learning outcomes. This paper also introduces a novel method of assessing students’ reading comprehension through game-based literacy assessments that have been incorporated in iSTART. The development of these stealth assessments was guided by recent work emphasizing the need for rapid, dynamic, and low stakes assessments that evaluate students’ reading skills in the context of brief, dynamic games. Stealth assessments can generate estimates of multiple aspects of students’ reading comprehension quickly and within a motivating environment. The work described in this paper is a promising method to assess students’ literacy in an unobtrusive and authentic way that may lead to improved learning outcomes for students.

Field-deployable aptasensor with automated analysis of stain patterns for the detection of chlorpyrifos in water

Organophosphorus compounds such as chlorpyrifos (CPS) are causing serious environmental problems worldwide. Efficient monitoring of the CPS levels in water resources demands portable devices for on-field testing. Here we report the development of a CPS sensor coupled with smartphones for automated reading and data analysis. The sensing mechanism makes use of gold nanoparticles stabilized by a CPS-specific aptamer, where colloidal destabilization occurs in presence of competing CPS molecules. In particular, an innovative readout is proposed: quantitative analysis of the stain patterns left by evaporating drops of the test solutions. We have found that the CPS-induced destabilization suppresses the typical coffee-ring stain of the colloidal gold, and then exploited the phenomenon to quantitatively determine the CPS concentration in water samples. A strong correlation between CPS level in samples and the alteration of the stain patterns was established for a wide range of CPS concentrations (0.048 μM–482 μM). The limit of detection of the sensor was 0.2 μM. The assay was implemented on Whatman filter paper cards that were specially patterned by wax-printing. A smartphone-based Python program was written for fully automated image capture and processing. Notably, as we analyze the spatial configuration of the stains, the reading system is independent of external illumination. The system also enables data management and traceability, which are highly desirable attributes for environmental monitoring.

OCR Oriented Reading System for Blind People

The current engendering of the digital phones has prominent hardware endowment and a speedier operation that is robust and ample to evolve applications that facilitate the user to be a part of and act with the Universe at their own convenience. this method is an OCR scanning system that uses a camera application present in your smartphone consolidated with Optical Character Recognition (OCR). OCR may well be a mechanism that converts pictures of manuscripts or printed content into machine-encoded text. During this system, the application will scan and convert the content that is written in English (West Germanic language) accent into a speech format. By victimization of the Text to Speech Module speech output is generated. The seek of coming up with the type of voice/speech is to give out datum that is bestowed in the given image to the visually impaired people.

Brain Source Correlates of Speech Perception and Reading Processes in Children With and Without Reading Difficulties.

Neural correlates in reading and speech processing have been addressed extensively in the literature. While reading skills and speech perception have been shown to be associated with each other, their relationship remains debatable. In this study, we investigated reading skills, speech perception, reading, and their correlates with brain source activity in auditory and visual modalities. We used high-density event-related potentials (ERPs), fixation-related potentials (FRPs), and the source reconstruction method. The analysis was conducted on 12–13-year-old schoolchildren who had different reading levels. Brain ERP source indices were computed from frequently repeated Finnish speech stimuli presented in an auditory oddball paradigm. Brain FRP source indices were also computed for words within sentences presented in a reading task. The results showed significant correlations between speech ERP sources and reading scores at the P100 (P1) time range in the left hemisphere and the N250 time range in both hemispheres, and a weaker correlation for visual word processing N170 FRP source(s) in the posterior occipital areas, in the vicinity of the visual word form areas (VWFA). Furthermore, significant brain-to-brain correlations were found between the two modalities, where the speech brain sources of the P1 and N250 responses correlated with the reading N170 response. The results suggest that speech processes are linked to reading fluency and that brain activations to speech are linked to visual brain processes of reading. These results indicate that a relationship between language and reading systems is present even after several years of exposure to print.

Automated Door and Body Temperature Detect System for COVID Patients

In view of current situation the COVID-19 is found all over the world.COVID-19 is a viral disease that is spread all over the world which has caused huge loss of the populations around the world. The virus mainly targets the respiratory organs like lungs. The spreading of this virus occurs when a healthy person comes in contact with air or surface which contains the droplets of infected persons sneeze, cough or breathe through hands. As a precautionary measure it is essential that we sanitize our hands regularly to protect ourselves from being affected by the virus. It is necessary to predict the symptoms of these viral diseases to know who is infected so as to not allow them at the public places. Hence usage of automatic hand sanitizing dispenser and temperature reading systems can prevent the spreading of viral disease. One of the initial symptoms is high body temperature; it is difficult to check temperature of each person who enters the public place. In the process of checking the temperature there may be a chance of being in contact with the person who has symptoms of this virus, hence an automatic body temperature system is presented to check the temperature of entering person at the entrance and then allow the person into the entering place if his temperature is within threshold limit. The person whose temperature is not within the threshold limit is not allowed to enter the public place. In this system an attempt is made to develop a prototype for Automatic Temperature Detect System to avoid spreading of COVID-19.

A novel tracking system for the iron foundry field based on deep convolutional neural networks

In modern manufacturing the ability of retracing produced components is crucial for quality management and process optimization. Tracking is essential, especially for analyzing the influence of the production parameters on the final quality of the castings. In the iron foundry industry, common marking methods, such as a datamatrix code, cannot be used due to harsh environmental conditions and the rough surface of the cast parts. This work presents a new coding and reading system that guarantees unique marking in the casting process.The coding is built up over several beveled pins and is read out using an optical 2D handheld scanner. With a deep convolutional neural network approach of object detection and classification, a stable image processing algorithm is presented. With a first prototype a reading accuracy of 99.86% for each pin was achieved with an average scanning time of 0.43 s. The presented code is compatible with existing foundry processes, while the handheld scanner is intuitive and reliable. This allows immediate benefits for process optimization.

Contribution of Lexical Quality and Sign Language Variables to Reading Comprehension.

The lexical quality hypothesis proposes that the quality of phonological, orthographic, and semantic representations impacts reading comprehension. In Study 1, we evaluated the contributions of lexical quality to reading comprehension in 97 deaf and 98 hearing adults matched for reading ability. While phonological awareness was a strong predictor for hearing readers, for deaf readers, orthographic precision and semantic knowledge, not phonology, predicted reading comprehension (assessed by two different tests). For deaf readers, the architecture of the reading system adapts by shifting reliance from (coarse-grained) phonological representations to high-quality orthographic and semantic representations. In Study 2, we examined the contribution of American Sign Language (ASL) variables to reading comprehension in 83 deaf adults. Fingerspelling (FS) and ASL comprehension skills predicted reading comprehension. We suggest that FS might reinforce orthographic-to-semantic mappings and that sign language comprehension may serve as a linguistic basis for the development of skilled reading in deaf signers.

Early detection of risk of reading difficulties using a working memory assessment battery

AbstractResearch suggests a role for aspects of the working memory system in reading. While much of the evidence points to a role for working memory capacity and the phonological loop, more recent work indicates a role for the central executive component, although findings remain unclear. There is an identified need for a reliable screening measure for risk of reading difficulties in children who are pre‐readers. Recent research suggests that working memory measures may contribute to such a measure in addition to existing tests of phonological ability, non‐verbal reasoning, motor skills and language. One hundred and two children aged between 56 and 69 months were assessed on measures of reading accuracy, working memory capacity, processing speed and a range of measures designed to assess central executive functioning. Linear regression, discriminant function analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to determine the predictive qualities and factor structure of the working memory assessment battery. Discriminant function analysis indicated that the working memory assessment battery was able to significantly discriminate between children who were at risk and not at risk of reading difficulties (as indicated by an independent measure). Linear regression and Confirmatory Factor Analysis revealed that the tests were a good predictor of the later outcome, particularly the alliteration fluency and sentence verification tasks. Therefore, the working memory assessment battery promises to be a useful screening measure for potential reading difficulties in educational settings, facilitating early effective intervention.

IVA for Visually Impaired People Using Raspberry PI

Abstract: Disability is a condition in which a person must rely on others for their basic needs. One of a person's limitations is a visual impairment. To date, a number of ways for improving the lives of visually impaired and blind persons have been proposed. Purchasing groceries in the store without the assistance of others remains a difficult task for them. We offer a camera-based assistive text reading system that can help blind persons read text labels and product packaging on common objects. We rest present an ancient and active motion-based way to define a region of interest (ROI) in the video by requesting the user to shake the object to isolate it from cluttered backdrops or other surrounding objects in the camera view. Audio guidance based on realtime situations will aid them inside the supermarket. The ultimate goal of this system is to eliminate all other forms of assistance for visually impaired shoppers and to give them with a convenient and sophisticated environment. When this method is implemented, it makes shopping easier for blind people, saves time for customers, and increases business sales. We look at user interface difficulties and evaluate the algorithm's ability to extract and read text from objects with complex backgrounds. In this Shopping trolley technology to identify the product placed due to machine learning and accuracy location