Language System Research Articles

Logic and symbolism of switchable porous framework materials

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are highly porous materials composed of organic linkers and inorganic nodes. A subset of MOFs can switch between at least two structures differing significantly in porosity, offering new opportunities for application technologies. However, network topology, micromechanics of building blocks and their hinges, particle size, defects, agglomeration etc., are convoluted into the responsiveness of the system. Many factors are a consequence of the material’s history, including synthesis, desolvation, and all subsequent handling steps, leading to a complex interplay of factors difficult to express clearly by ordinary language systems, chemical or mathematical symbols without loss of intuitive understanding. Here, we propose a symbolic language for the rationalization of switchability emphasizing the history-dependent responsivity of many dynamic frameworks and their stimuli-induced phase transitions. The system follows a bivalent logic inspired by Freges “Begriffsschrift”, providing a fundamental logic structure for the rationalization of statements and representation of logic gates.

Theory Research on Visual Communication Design of Urban Public Space under the Concept of Social Design

Through observation and analysis of modern urban public spaces, we can find that design is not only a combination of appearance and functionality, but also a profound understanding and response to society, culture, and the environment. The social design concept emphasizes the principle of people-oriented design, pursuing the inclusiveness, interactivity, and sustainability of public spaces, and shaping the identity and shared experience of urban spaces through visual language and symbol systems. This article will explore how to implement the concept of social design in visual communication design, and explore its impact on the quality of life, social cohesion, and urban image of urban residents. The ultimate goal is to provide practical guidance and inspiration for urban planners, designers, and decision-makers, promoting sustainable development of public spaces and social harmony.

Integrated image-based deep learning and language models for primary diabetes care

Primary diabetes care and diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening persist as major public health challenges due to a shortage of trained primary care physicians (PCPs), particularly in low-resource settings. Here, to bridge the gaps, we developed an integrated image–language system (DeepDR-LLM), combining a large language model (LLM module) and image-based deep learning (DeepDR-Transformer), to provide individualized diabetes management recommendations to PCPs. In a retrospective evaluation, the LLM module demonstrated comparable performance to PCPs and endocrinology residents when tested in English and outperformed PCPs and had comparable performance to endocrinology residents in Chinese. For identifying referable DR, the average PCP’s accuracy was 81.0% unassisted and 92.3% assisted by DeepDR-Transformer. Furthermore, we performed a single-center real-world prospective study, deploying DeepDR-LLM. We compared diabetes management adherence of patients under the unassisted PCP arm (n = 397) with those under the PCP+DeepDR-LLM arm (n = 372). Patients with newly diagnosed diabetes in the PCP+DeepDR-LLM arm showed better self-management behaviors throughout follow-up (P < 0.05). For patients with referral DR, those in the PCP+DeepDR-LLM arm were more likely to adhere to DR referrals (P < 0.01). Additionally, DeepDR-LLM deployment improved the quality and empathy level of management recommendations. Given its multifaceted performance, DeepDR-LLM holds promise as a digital solution for enhancing primary diabetes care and DR screening.

Interdisciplinary approaches to understanding the inner speech, with emphasis on the role of incorporating clinical data.

Neuroscience has largely conceptualized inner speech, sometimes called covert speech, as being a part of the language system, namely, a precursor to overt speech and/or speech without the motor component (impoverished motor speech). Yet interdisciplinary work has strongly suggested that inner speech is multidimensional and situated within the language system as well as in more domain general systems. By leveraging evidence from philosophy, linguistics, neuroscience and cognitive science, we argue that neuroscience can gain a more comprehensive understanding of inner speech processes. We will summarize the existing knowledge on the traditional approach to understanding the neuroscience of inner speech, which is squarely through the language system, before discussing interdisciplinary approaches to understanding the cognitive, linguistic and neural substrates/mechanisms that may be involved in inner speech. Given our own interests in inner speech after brain injury, we finish by discussing the theoretical and clinical benefits of researching inner speech in aphasia through an interdisciplinary lens.

Analyzing the Effects of Transcription Errors on Summary Generation of Bengali Spoken Documents

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) has become an indispensable part of the AI domain, with various speech technologies reliant on it. The quality of speech recognition depends on the amount of annotated data used to train an ASR system, among other factors. For a low-resourced language, this is a severe constraint and thus ASR quality is often poor. Humans can read through text containing ASR-errors, provided the context of the sentence is preserved. Yet in cases of transcripts generated by ASR systems of low-resource languages, multiple important words are misrecognized and the context is mostly lost; discerning such a text becomes nearly impossible. This paper analyzes the types of transcription errors that occur while generating ASR transcripts of spoken documents in Bengali, an under-resourced language predominantly spoken in India and Bangladesh. The transcripts of the Bengali spoken document are generated using the ASR of Google Cloud Speech. The paper also explores if there is an effect of such transcription errors in generating speech summaries of these spoken documents. Summarization is carried out extractively; sentences are selected from the ASR-generated text of the spoken document. Speech summaries are created by aggregating the speech-segments from the original speech of the selected sentences. Subjective evaluation shows the ‘readability’ of the spoken summaries are not degraded by ASR errors, but the quality is affected due to the reliance on intermediate text-summary containing transcription errors.

Realization of the frame «love affair» in the language system and public communication (based on dictionaries and podcasts)

Realization of the frame «love affair» in the language system and public communication (based on dictionaries and podcasts)

PECULIARITIES OF FUNCTIONING OF ERGONYMS IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

The article is dedicated to the study of semantics of ergonyms in the Russian language. Nowadays ergo-nimics, being a fi eld of onomastics, is of great interest to many linguists, because it has specifi c semantics in the gastronomic industry and is aimed at making a positive impact on the recipient. It can be explained by globalization and the interaction of language and culture. Ergonyms refer to particular lexical layer of the language system, which refl ects changes in the social sphere. The aim of the study is to single out the linguistic peculiarities of ergonyms in the Russian language. The material of the study comprises the names of cafes and restaurants in Chelyabinsk city and the Chelyabinsk region. Carrying out the research we used the method of component analysis, comparative method for analyzing ergonyms, descriptive-classifi cation method, quantitative analysis in counting lexical units and the frequency of their use. Within the framework of the present research the word-building of ergonyms and linguistic peculiarities of their functioning and stylistic diversity were studied, thematic groups were outlined, the frequency of use of lexical units was analyzed. According to the results of the present study, we can conclude that the connotative element in the semantic structure of ergonym plays the key role. Ergonyms refer to linguocultural phenomena that appear as a result of the interaction of extralinguistic and linguistic factors. The study and analy-sis of ergonyms as a linguistic phenomenon allows us to reveal the peculiarities of economy and geography of the Chelyabinsk region, to study the linguistic variety of names of cafes and restaurants in Russian. It has been proved by the wide use of lexical units in diff erent languages in the nomination of catering establishment. Ergonyms have a pragmatic impact on the target audience which is achieved through its functioning. Expressive, deictic, appellative function and identifi cation function are the essential ones in the nomination of catering establishments in the city of Chelyabinsk and Chelyabinsk region. The study of ergonimics, which has specifi c lexical and semantic graphic features, is related to modern linguistics.

О ФАКТОРАХ, ВОЗДЕЙСТВУЮЩИХ НА ПОЯВЛЕНИЕ СИТУАТИВНО ОБУСЛОВЛЕННОГО КОДОВОГО ПЕРЕКЛЮЧЕНИЯ

The article examines the main causes of code switches in bilingual speech, which are the result of the interaction of two different language systems in his mind.

MƏTN DİLÇİLİYİN OBYEKTİ KİMİ

Text as an Object of Linguistics Summary The article examines the place of text in the syntactic system of language. The logical connection of sentences in the formation of a text as a linguistic unit is noted. A text is not individual sentences, but consists of a group of sentences, being a complex syntactic unit and having a closed structure, it expresses a complete thought. A text as a syntactic unit stands above the sentence. At the language level, a text, compared to the sentence, demonstrates particular complexity in structural and semantic terms. The syntactic features of a complex syntactic whole as a text-forming structure are highlighted. It is emphasized that a complex syntactic whole has a number of grammatical properties and the semantic and stylistic features of combining sentences are revealed. Key words: text, structure, semantics, complex syntactic whole, sentence

NEW PARADIGM OF CORPUS ANALYSIS OF MILITARY-POLITICAL NEWSPAPERS ARTICLES

This study using the corpus of newspaper articles from The Guardian, The Washington Post, and The New York Times attempts to explore contemporary methods of corpus analysis. It emphasizes that a corpus-driven approach is relevant for improving the technology of balancing text corpora. This approach is characterized by ways of representing corpus data and unifying decoded information based on the corpus. To this end, urgent news and international reports covering the political strategies of various countries in the context of the Russia-Ukraine war were analyzed. It is noted that understanding the essence of the defined issue required outlining the specifics of studying military-political language patterns within the corpus-driven approach. The research found that a variety of data types can influence the formation of the linguistic environment, which explains variations of language system models in textual dimensions. The results also showed random concordance lines, the semantic field of lexemes, and the most frequent units of the journalistic language system that reveal linguistic changes during the war period. Additionally, the study identifies final variables in statistical models, dominantsemantic positions of linguistic constructions, the valency of marked units, and their linguistic potential, status, and functions within the corpus. The importance of using Text Mining technology, the ANNOVA test, and Cortical.io software for data processing is also justified. It is concluded that improving corpus analysis methods depends on text attribution, hierarchical clustering, determining statistically significant differences between mean values of variables through analysis of variance. Moreover, the study enable the conclusion that the text processing mechanism plays an important role in the development of new paradigm of corpus analysis.

Investigating the Hierarchical Relationship Between Clause and Phrase Using the Menzerath-Altmann Law: Evidence from Academic Research Articles

ABSTRACT The study justifies phrases (instead of words) as the direct constituents of clauses using English academic research articles (RAs) by fitting the Menzerath-Altmann Law (MAL) to the correlations between sentence length (in clause numbers) and clause length (in phrase numbers), and between clause length and phrase length (in word numbers). The study was conducted under the framework of dependency grammar, with a self-built corpus of 104,499 tokens. The results indicate that 1) both correlations abide by the MAL, or abide when excluding the second MAL regime, regardless of part-genres, suggesting that phrases are the appropriate direct constituents of clauses. 2) The increasing MAL fitting curve is found in , which has the shortest mean dependency distance. 3) Clustering analysis on the MAL parameters in dependency structure can effectively differentiate the size-restricted from the other part-genres at the lower level, i.e., clause-phrase-word level. Furthermore, our findings have important implications: 1) The second regime may be closely related to text characteristics or linguistic unit levels. 2) The dependency distance minimization effect is possibly a counteractive force against the Menzerathian shortening effect. 3) The competing relationship between clausal and phrasal complexity in RAs is driven by the self-regulating and self-adapting language system.

Moral and formal model-based control strategy for autonomous vehicles at traffic-light-free intersections

Making an effective traffic strategy is a challenging problem that involves efficiency and safety, where traffic lights play an important role. Especially in cases without traffic lights, creating traffic strategies benefits significantly more complex and challenging. This complexity underscores the importance of research on autonomous vehicles, which has been trained widespread attention in recent years. In order to avoid these potential crises, the designed traffic strategy at traffic light-free intersections must be effective and reliable, ensuring the basic processes work properly. In this paper, we propose a novel method to formally model the traffic strategy for vehicles to make sure they safely and orderly pass through traffic light-free intersections. We use the state space analysis method to analyze the vehicle traffic model to ensure the decision made at each step is correct. By using Petri net, our proposed model achieves excellent analytical capabilities for asynchronous or highly concurrent systems than simpler Unified Modeling Language (UML) systems, as well as the ability to dynamically analyze system security and reliability.

APPLICATION OF EQUIVALENT TRANSLATION AND LEXICAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN TRANSLATION OF ABSTRACT NOUNS (cased on the material of the work of S. Collins “The Hunger Games”)

The article generally analyzes the translation methods of abstract nouns in the fantastic work “The Hunger Games” by S. Collins using equivalent translation and lexical transformations. This question is relevant for modern translation studies since abstract nouns play asignificant role in the systems of modern languages of the world and are a large group among other classes of nouns. The author explores the specifics of translating abstract concepts in the context of fantasy literature and considers various strategies that can be used to preserve the meaning and emotional nuance of the original. Based on examples from The Hunger Games, the author shows which vocabulary transformations can be used to achieve the most accurate and effective translation. The results of the study indicate the importance of a careful approach to the translation of abstract nouns in the fantasy genre and the use of various translation strategies. The relevance of the research, therefore, is determined by the insufficient degree of study of the problem of translating abstract nouns in fiction from English to Ukrainian. We see the prospects of the research in the analysis of lexical transformations in the translation of textfragments with abstract nouns in the Ukrainian language.

USE OF MULTIMEDIA IN THE PROCESS OF FORMATION OF COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE IN UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE LESSONS IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS

The article is devoted to the problem of the application of multimedia tools in the process of the formation of communicative competence of third and fourth-grade students. The analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature and observation of the work of primary school teachers to determine the place and role of multimedia tools in the process of teaching the Ukrainian language proved the relevance and prospects of the problem. The article analyzes the concepts of "communicative competence", "multimedia tools" in the context of the modern educational process in Ukraine. Psychological, psycholinguistic and pedagogical aspects of the problem of formation of communicative competence of junior schoolchildren are considered, theoretical and methodical bases of use of multimedia tools in lessons of Ukrainian language in mentioned classes are defined, their functional possibilities in the system of forms, methods and receptions of work on formation of communicative competence of students are characterized. The methodology of formation of communicative competence of students is based on the system of preparatory language, conditional-communicative, communicative tasks with multimedia support with the use of hardware (computer, projector, smart-board) and software (multimedia presentations, multimedia editions) is offered. The results of the research of the process of formation of communicative competence of third and fourth grade students with the use of multimedia tools based on the analysis of educational achievements of students (high, sufficient, average, initial) are presented. The article presents experimental data that confirms the expediency of using multimedia tools in the process of forming the communicative competence of primary school students, their role in improving the efficiency of this process.

Keystrokes: A practical exploration of semantic drift in timed word association tasks.

This study investigates the phenomena of semantic drift through the lenses of language and situated simulation (LASS) and the word frequency effect (WFE) within a timed word association task. Our primary objectives were to determine whether semantic drift can be identified over the short time (25 seconds) of a free word association task (a predicted corollary of LASS), and whether more frequent terms are generated earlier in the process (as expected due to the WFE). Respondents were provided with five cue words (tree, dog, quality, plastic and love), and asked to write as many associations as they could. We hypothesized that terms generated later in the task (fourth time quartile, the last 19-25 seconds) would be semantically more distant (cosine similarity) from the cue word than those generated earlier (first quartile, the first 1-7 seconds), indicating semantic drift. Additionally, we explored the WFE by hypothesizing that earlier generated words would be more frequent and less diverse. Utilizing a dataset matched with GloVe 300B word embeddings, BERT and WordNet synsets, we analysed semantic distances among 1569 unique term pairs for all cue words across time. Our results supported the presence of semantic drift, with significant evidence of within-participant, semantic drift from the first to fourth time (LASS) and frequency (WFE) quartiles. In terms of the WFE, we observed a notable decrease in the diversity of terms generated earlier in the task, while more unique terms (greater diversity and relative uniqueness) were generated in the 4th time quartile, aligning with our hypothesis that more frequently used words dominate early stages of a word association task. We also found that the size of effects varied substantially across cues, suggesting that some cues might invoke stronger and more idiosyncratic situated simulations. Theoretically, our study contributes to the understanding of LASS and the WFE. It suggests that semantic drift might serve as a scalable indicator of the invocation of language versus simulation systems in LASS and might also be used to explore cognition within word association tasks more generally. The findings also add a temporal and relational dimension to the WFE. Practically, our research highlights the utility of word association tasks in understanding semantic drift and the diffusion of word usage over a sub-minute task, arguably the shortest practically feasible timeframe, offering a scalable method to explore group and individual changes in semantic relationships, whether via the targeted diffusion of influence in a marketing campaign, or seeking to understand differences in cognition more generally. Possible practical uses and opportunities for future research are discussed.

A novel case of Takenouchi-Kosaki syndrome: Focus on hearing and language rehabilitation

Abstract Takenouchi-Kosaki syndrome (TKS) is a rare congenital condition, caused by a mutation in the cell division cycle 42 gene. This gene typo impacts various physiological processes, including hearing, hematopoiesis, immunologic functioning, and neurodevelopment. Despite the high prevalence of hearing impairment in TKS, existing literature has concentrated primarily on pharmacological treatments for hematoimmunologic diseases. This case report presents a novel case of TKS, highlighting the importance of audiological assessment and rehabilitating interventions in children with TKS. We discuss the case of a prematurely born boy who was diagnosed with TKS and who presented with profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and associated developmental delays. Following comprehensive audiological evaluation and intervention – including hearing aids, sign language, and alternative augmentative communication systems – a multidisciplinary approach was adopted to enhance his communicative abilities. From this study, it emerges the increasing need for tailored rehabilitation strategies for TKS patients to improve communication skills and overall quality of life. Further researches are needed to develop standardized protocols for assessment and treatment in patients with TKS.

Connections between the Middle Armenian and Western Armenian Languages in the System of the Imperative Mode: Imperative (Singular)

Key words: language, verb, derivative verb, conjugation, mode, conjuction The connection between the language systems of Western Armenian and Middle Armenian are at different linguistic levels. Considering the verb conjugation system, it can be noted that it was Middle Armenian that mostly influenced the development of Western Armenian language: so, the connection is systematic. This article is an attempt to present connection of the Middle Armenian and Western Armenian languages in the system of imperative mode. It has been noted that the imperative was simplified in Middle Armenian from the perspective of composition. The endings է, իր, ա for ե, ի, ա conjugations in Western Armenian singular mode are formed in the Middle Armenian inbase of Grabar; then they have transferred into Western Armenian. Conjugation Ու in the modern Western Armenian language has already turned into archaisms that are used for providing a tone of antiquity to the speech. Changes in the verb system began in the early period of Middle Armenian within the spoken language. Thos changes penetrated into the written language from the first sub-period of Middle Armenian. By this time the use of the new forms had begun to spread, although the old forms were being used alongside the new forms. In the second sub-period, the new versions, that the Western Armenian has inherited, were fully established. The Western Armenian language also inherited the changes in the affixes of the base, in particular, in many verbs there was a decrease in the phoneme, as a result of which the sounds ա and ե of the affixes -ան-, -են- were shortened, for example գտանել- գտնել, մտանել-մտնել, գիտենալ-գիտնալ, վախենալ-վախնալ etc. The imperative has saved the same semantic features in both Western Armenian and Middle Armenian languages. In Western Armenian, imperative is also expressed by verbs belonging to other modes; this feature is also characteristic of Middle Armenian

Identification of Indonesian Sign Language System Using Deep Learning in Yolo-based

Identification of Indonesian Sign Language System Using Deep Learning in Yolo-based

The Influence of Mass Media on the Modern Japanese Language

The purpose of this study is to examine the key influence of mass media on different language levels based on analysing several modern newspapers and magazines published in Japan. The article uses the following methods of analysis: structural analysis, lexical and semantic analysis, stylistic analysis, analytical and synthetic method, and contextual analysis. The results of the study showed that the most noticeable influence of mass media on the modern Japanese language was observed at the lexical and stylistic levels and less noticeable – at the phonetic, word-forming, morphological, and syntactic levels. Phonetic changes in the Japanese press were associated with the adaptation of non-equivalent vocabulary from European languages using the Japanese alphabet (katakana). At the word-forming level, the changes concerned primarily uncharacteristic derivational units that came to Japanese from English, and at the morphological level, the influence was conducted mainly through the demonstration of samples of the correct use of case endings, tenses and coordination of parts of speech. At the syntactic level, there was a variety of syntactic constructions, in particular, to expand the content, introduce additional sentences, and change the topic of conversation. The stylistic influence of mass media on the Japanese language system consisted in the use of artistic tropes and stylistic figures, in particular, metaphors, hyperbole, and periphery, which can be considered patterns for communicative behaviour.

SEMANTIC FIELD “POWER” IN’S NOVEL “THE ARC FOR THE UNINVITED” BY VLADIMIR MAKSIMOV

The article presents a comprehensive description of the semantic field ‟Power” in the novel by the well-known Russian prose writer of the 2nd half of the 20th century, Vladimir Yemelyanovich Maksimov. The purpose of the study is to identify the structural and semantic features of the field, the communicative and pragmatic properties of its nuclear components, which are semantic dominants of the text and actively participate in organising the artistic narrative, depicting characters and events, and explicating the conceptual content of the study. An analytical review of the main linguistic studies devoted to the study of the phenomenon of authority in Russian culture and linguistic consciousness, and the scientific description of semantic fields in the system of language and speech is carried out. Modelling the field structure of the novel is based on the principles of discourse analysis of the text, and it is determined by the specifics of the writer’s linguistic personality, the individual originality of the artistic picture of the world, the genre-stylistic and plot-compositional features of the work, and the linguacultural situation of the depicted era. The component composition of the field, its core, centre and periphery, and microfields are consistently characterised. Semantic connections and intersections of field components are determined with contextual conditionality of additional meanings revealed. The semantic field ‟authority” combines four microfields: the central part of the field structure includes the microfields ‟state authority” and ‟God power”, the peripheral zone includes the microfields ‟family authority” and ‟authority and power of natural elements”. The core of the field includes the key lexemes of authority, power and the leader. The semantic dominants of the text, being components of the analysed field structure, contribute to the development of action in space and time, create narrative polyphony, reflect the author’s position, and convey the bright features of the writer’s linguistic personality.