System In Bangladesh Research Articles

Inclusion of legal education in secondary and higher secondary education system in Bangladesh: An appraisal

This abstract offers a succinct overview of a comprehensive analysis of the integration of legal education into Bangladesh’s secondary and higher secondary educational framework. It explores how teaching legal information at a young age can help pupils develop civic engagement, legal literacy, and awareness. Using qualitative approaches to analyze integration potential and difficulties, the study assesses the current condition of legal education in the curriculum. Interviews with students, instructors, legislators, and legal experts provide qualitative data that illuminates how legal education influences students’ moral and intellectual development. The study emphasizes the benefits of including legal education in the secondary and upper secondary curriculum since it fosters ethical reasoning, critical thinking, and a deeper understanding of legal topics. It also identifies obstacles to successful implementation, including problems with curriculum integration and resource limitations. The conclusions emphasize the significance of comprehensive legal education in developing responsible persons capable of navigating legal intricacies and making recommendations for improving Bangladdesh’s educational system through curriculum, teacher training, and legislative changes. These observations underline the critical role that legal education plays in developing socially conscious persons in secondary and higher secondary schools, and they greatly add to the current discourse in Bangladesh regarding education reform.

Unmasking the Hidden Burden: A Delayed Diagnosis of Leprosy Patients With Grade 2 Disability and Its Effects on the Healthcare System in Bangladesh.

Introduction Leprosy remains a significant cause of preventable disability worldwide. Early diagnosis and treatment of leprosy are critical not only to stop its spread but also to prevent physical and social complications and reduce the disease burden. Objectives The study aims to evaluate the factors that lead to a delayed leprosy diagnosis. Methods This study was conducted in the outpatient departments of Leprosy Control Institute and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, and at Medical College for Women and Hospital, Dhaka,Bangladesh, from March 2023 to June 2023. A total number of 252 male (148) and female (104) patients were selected with any sign of leprosy, including disability, age ranging from 15 to 74 years. Data was collected in a pre-designed structured questionnaire by the researchers. To assess the risk of independent exposures of Grade 2 leprosy disabilities, we used a logistic regression model. A chi-square test showed the association between significant effects and leprosy disabilities. A p-value of 0.05 was considered as significant. For statistical analysis, STATA version 15 (StataCorp LLC, College Station, Texas, USA) was used. Results The study participants exhibited a higher percentage of disability, with a rate of 25.8% for Grade 2 disabilities.In addition to this, males represented a more considerable proportion, 58.7%, than females among leprosy and disability patients across all levels of disability. In our study, lack of money and painless symptoms showed a significant association (p<0.001) with Grade 2 disability. Conclusion The study reveals that Grade 2 disabilities are more common in males and are particularly prevalent in lower socioeconomic groups.

Exploring the Impact of Innovative Public Service Delivery System in Bangladesh: A Case Study of District Administration

Exploring the Impact of Innovative Public Service Delivery System in Bangladesh: A Case Study of District Administration

Modeling the Impact of Climate Change on Streamflow in the Meghna River Basin: An Analysis Using SWAT and CMIP6 Scenarios

This study assesses future climate change impacts on the hydrologic response of the Upper Meghna River Basin (UMRB), a major river system in Bangladesh. Separate SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) hydrologic models were developed for the three major sub-basins of the UMRB, i.e., Barak, Meghalaya, and Tripura, considering their unique geographical, hydrological, and land-use characteristics. To evaluate the efficiency of multi-site modeling in providing better model performance, the SWAT models were calibrated at both single and multiple locations. Those models were then simulated to estimate future flows using climate projection data from thirteen CMIP6 General Circulation Models (GCMs) under moderate and extreme emission scenarios, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5. The results revealed that the annual maximum flow will keep increasing gradually with time. The outlets of the Meghalaya sub-basin will experience a more significant rise in future flow in the upcoming decades compared to the Barak and Tripura sub-basins. Results showed that dry season flows with increases of up to 31–50% would be less affected compared to the wet periods, which could experience increases of up to 47–66%) across the sub-basins by the end of the 21st century under extreme emission projections. Besides an increasing trend in the mean flow, future flows at several outlets also exhibited an escalation in the intensity and frequency of extreme flood events.

Analysis of the onset, withdrawal, and variability of monsoon rainfall in the face of climate change

Climate change is affecting the precipitation system in Bangladesh, particularly in the northwestern hydrological zone. This study analyzed the monsoon rainfall variability from 1991 to 2015, revealing a shifting pattern and past trends. This study used the Mann–Kendall test and Sen’s slope (MAKESENS) statistical model to evaluate the annual total rainfall and monsoon rainfall. Approximately 71–78% of the total rainfall occurred during the monsoon season at all stations, with Rangpur being the rainiest and Rajshahi being the driest. The annual rainfall trend decreased, with highly variable arrival and withdrawal days. The monsoon arrived early by 2 to 39 days and late by 1 to 72 days from the reference day. The withdrawal of monsoon rainfall occurred 1 to 38 days early and 1 to 39 days late. These findings can be used to plan and manage agricultural practices at the local level in northwestern Bangladesh.

A STUDY ON MAKING SOLAR-POWERED IRRIGATION SYSTEM ECONOMICALLY VIABLE AND SOCIALLY ACCEPTABLE IN BANGLADESH

&lt;p&gt;Solar power is at the forefront of sustainable development discussions due to the global movement toward renewable energy. In Bangladesh, where agriculture is vital to the economy, sustainable irrigation is crucial. This thesis investigates the economic viability and socio-economic acceptability of solar-powered irrigation systems (SPIS) in Bogra, Bangladesh. Several approaches have been proposed to make solar power irrigation in Bangladesh more profitable. High-value crops like summer tomatoes and hybrid vegetables highlight the economic benefits and increased profitability of solar-powered irrigation systems. Furthermore, it is imperative to decrease the expenses associated with these systems. Partnering with government agencies to make vital equipment affordable and accessible can achieve this goal. Researching new methods and localized production can also lower solar panel prices. A collaborative technique between marginal and large-scale farmers can help small-scale farmers afford solar power irrigation by distributing costs fairly. Government backing, expanded R&amp;amp;D, localized manufacture, training, and subsidies can also help solar-powered irrigation become economically sustainable. To improve socio-economic acceptability, solar power irrigation benefits must be promoted and communicated. Training, informed advertising, and successful case studies help build faith in the technology and motivate farmers to employ it. Community involvement and practical examples in Bogra can boost social approval as farmers see the benefits of solar-powered irrigation. Sharecroppers, a large part of Bangladesh's agricultural community, need subsidies or reasonable financing. This paper examines the economic viability and socio-economic acceptability of solar-powered irrigation systems in Bangladesh, specifically in Bogra. The goal is to sustainably enhance agriculture in the region by examining many options and strategic methods. This field addresses the critical need for environmentally friendly and sustainable irrigation solutions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Article visualizations:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="/-counters-/lit/0787/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Identification of key habitats and conservation threats of the Ganges River dolphin (Platanista gangetica) of Bangladesh

Ganges River Dolphins (Platanista gangetica) are known to inhabit all major river systems in Bangladesh. However, comprehensive spatial records for this globally endangered aquatic mammal are notably scarce nationwide. Furthermore, their habitats are increasingly threatened due to excessive utilization of aquatic resources and their habitats by the growing human population. To allocate limited resources in safeguarding high-priority dolphin habitats, we conducted field surveys and arranged stakeholder consultations to identify key dolphin habitats and the conservation threats they face across Bangladesh. Through this process, we have identified 14 river segments as high-priority winter habitats for Ganges River Dolphins. These dolphins encounter both direct and indirect threats within their habitats. Direct threats include entanglement and occasional intentional killing for traditional medicinal purposes and as fish attractants. Indirect threats leading to habitat degradation comprise the construction of dams and barrages for upstream water extraction, increasing industrial pollution in river waters, overfishing, and alterations to river morphology caused by siltation and sedimentation. The heavy reliance of local communities on dolphin habitats, coupled with a lack of widespread awareness and insufficient conservation efforts, pose significant challenges to the future survival of Ganges River Dolphins in Bangladesh. Bangladesh J. Zool. 51(3): 253-266, 2023

IoT-based solar-powered smart irrigation system with solar tracker for rice fields

Water management in irrigated agricultural fields is a critical issue in Bangladesh due to a lack of improved irrigation facilities for efficient use of irrigation water, and the cost of crop production is high with low agricultural productivity in agriculture. Therefore, this research aimed to design and implement an internet of things (IoT)-based solar-powered smart irrigation system by sensing the soil moisture levels and periodically controlling the pump operations when the soil moisture is below the required level. A sun-tracking solar system was developed to generate more electricity by tracking the orientation of the sun. A comparison was made between the energy of a fixed-panel solar system with a 24.95° tilt angle and a solar tracking system with no tilt angle. The solar tracker device utilizes a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensor to track the sun, aligning the 150 W solar panel perpendicular to maximize energy capture. This energy is converted into electrical energy and stored in a 12V battery for powering the operation of the submersible pump (DC 12V, 150 W). A wireless sensor network was employed to monitor pumping status and energy comparison in a rice field. A sub-station transferred water level data wirelessly to a main station, where a microcontroller processed the data. The relay module automatically triggered pumping, and the data was stored in the cloud. The solar tracking system outperformed the fixed-panel system with a fixed tilt angle of 24.95° in terms of output power by a remarkable 26.72%. There is a huge potential for solar irrigation systems in Bangladesh, and they can provide sustainable solutions with low irrigation costs. Therefore, this IoT-based solar-powered smart irrigation system could play a vital role in improving irrigation management systems with increased water use efficiency.

AI Consciousness and Technological Advancement in Bangladesh's Higher Education: AI Awareness among the Learners

This comprehensive research article explores the transformative potential and multifaceted challenges of integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) consciousness and technological advancements into the higher education system in Bangladesh. The study delves into various dimensions of this integration, including its implications for pedagogy, curriculum, institutional policy, and technological innovation. A particular emphasis is placed on addressing disparities in AI awareness among future students in Bangladesh's higher education system. The research adopts a balanced approach, juxtaposing the promise of technological advancements with critical concerns related to data privacy, educational equity, and cultural preservation. Through interdisciplinary analysis and a robust set of policy recommendations, the study posits that Bangladesh stands at a pivotal moment. It can either seize this technological epoch to elevate its higher education system to global standards while mitigating AI awareness disparities or risk exacerbating existing educational inequities.

Techno-economic analysis of commercial-scale 15 MW on-grid ground solar PV systems in Bakalia: A feasibility study proposed for BPDB

Renewable energy systems, such as solar power, are becoming increasingly important worldwide due to the limited supply of non-renewable energy sources. Solar power stands out as a practical choice for electricity generation because it's simple to set up and costs less than other renewable options. Solar-based on-grid or grid-tied systems are more effective compared to other PV grid systems due to their more reasonable installation system, favorable maintenance, and less complex system. This study was designed with a solar-based grid-tied system. This study evaluates the performance and economic viability of a 15 MW on-grid photovoltaic (PV) system in Bakalia Char, Chittagong, Bangladesh, and will propose this study for the Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB). Developing a clean energy system in Bangladesh is the main purpose of this study. This system performed efficiently, with an 84.03 % performance ratio, produced energy of 21,510.186 MWh/year and proved economically attractive with a 4.5-year payback period, a competitive electricity cost of 0.024 USD/kWh, and a 389 % return on investment(ROI%). Using software like PVsyst and SketchUp ensures precise system design and optimal module placement. Also, use a better PV panel system whose efficiency is higher than that of another PV panel system designed for a similar project. This system boosts local electricity production and aligns with sustainable energy goals. Its success is a valuable model for future solar projects in similar regions facing energy challenges. The system also shows significant environmental benefits, with a projected reduction of approximately 252,168.5 tons of CO2 emissions over its operational lifespan.

Efficiency upgrading of solar PVT finned hybrid system in Bangladesh: Flow rate and temperature influences

This research aims to determine the impact of mass flow rate and inflow temperature on the utility and effectiveness of solar thermal systems using fins with air in various applications in Bangladesh. This study examines a three-dimensional (3D) photovoltaic thermal (PVT) system where we analyze the behavior of a hybrid system with six aluminum sheets (1 mm thick fin as a heat exchange material) inside the heat exchanger where the air takes the direction to pass in waveform through the channels (made of aluminum) using fins. The top side of the fins is bent and affixed to the bottom of the floor of the PV panel to allow heat transfer utilizing the conduction-based method. This study selects inlet fluid mass flow rate and inflow temperature between (0.015–0.535 kg/s), and (10–40 °C) respectively, while comparing the result with experimental/numerical published data based on Bangladesh's weather conditions and applies the finite element method (FEM) to solve heat transfer equations. A brief analysis of the association among Reynolds number with pressure drop and fanning friction factor is included in this paper. Our model can be mounted on building rooftops or open fields where air velocity will be controlled mechanically; thus, it has many applications. This model can be implemented within an agricultural photovoltaic (APV) system, domestic functions, dry agricultural products, and provide heat for greenhouses. The result indicates that 302–514 W thermal energy has been produced for 0.015–0.535 kg/s. For growing inflow temperature, despite the reduction in electrical efficiency, the value of adding electrical and thermal efficiency (overall efficiency) comes with elevation. A 5 °C increase in inflow temperature leads to an overall efficiency increase of 0.33%. This study's findings can help researchers better comprehend air's properties as a heat exchanger in a developed design, and they can be applied to government and commercial projects.

Genesis of Education System in Bangladesh

The education system in Bangladesh is primarily derived from the British colonial legacy, imposing a secular philosophy despite a majority Muslim population. This article critically examines the roots and historical development of the education system in Bangladesh, discussing its basic structure and framework while presenting chronological narratives. The study seeks to comprehend prevailing trends by employing content analysis involving historical records, government documents, study reports, and expert opinions. The findings reveal a consistent neglect of religious education at all levels, lacking a foundation in Islamic philosophy. The study traces the curriculum’s evolution from the early Muslim era to current times. Despite efforts to incorporate Islamic education during the Pakistan period and the post-independence era, these initiatives largely faltered. Post-independence, the recommendations of various education commissions primarily reflect the intentions of ruling powers, lacking consistency and failing to incorporate universal values into education policy. The study advocates for a comprehensive review of education policies, curriculum frameworks, and textbooks, emphasizing the identification of gaps and the incorporation of moral and ethical values to foster the balanced growth of individuals.

Block Chain Based Service in Maternity Health Care Sector in Bangladesh to Ensuring Holistic Health Services

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the current paddy procurement system in Bangladesh and find out the consciousness of the farmers towards it. In this paper, quantitative research methodology was followed. To assess the consciousness the perception and satisfaction of farmers were measured. For the measurement, a survey was conducted on 210 farmers of three Upazilas using a pre-tested and close-ended questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS software version 20. The study finds that about 67.6% of respondents are not happy with the current paddy procurement system. This study found that about 69.10% of respondents think there are the middle man in the current system of paddy procurement, about 94.30% of the respondent opined regarding the need for an improvement of the current system, 99.0% thinks about new paddy procurement system may be helpful. Moreover, these findings led to conclude that there is a huge scope of improvising the current paddy procurement system which will make the activities of the paddy procurement more transparent to all including the farmers. The study may significantly contribute to the policymaking in the paddy procurement system in Bangladesh and similar paddy procurement problems have been faced in many other countries in the world.

Overcoming Barriers to Energy Access in Developing Countries: Lessons Learned from Household Solar Energy Systems in Bangladesh

Overcoming Barriers to Energy Access in Developing Countries: Lessons Learned from Household Solar Energy Systems in Bangladesh

Parametric Optimization and Efficiency Assessment of Horizontal Earth Water Pipe Heat Exchanger (EWPHE) in the Context of Bangladesh

This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the Earth Water Pipe Heat Exchanger (EWPHE) system in Bangladesh through simulation and experimental work carried out at Joypurhat in Bangladesh during the coldest period of the year, January. Additionally, the study sought to establish the method for selecting optimal installation parameters of EWPHE to increase performance and efficiency. A simulation model was made in the TRNSYS (v16.0) platform to determine the optimum values of design parameters. The simulation was run by altering its operating parameters, such as the rate of water flow, length of the pipe, built materials of the pipe, and the diameter of the underground pipeline. According to the findings, pipe burial can be done to a depth of 3.5 meters to achieve optimal output. The results of comparing four distinct materials, namely GI, Steel, PVC, and HDPE, show that these materials' characteristics do not significantly affect how well the systems perform. Additionally, as the water flow rate is increased, it is shown that the EWPHE performance is declining. According to the simulation results, it is concluded that a pipe with a length of 50 meters would be sufficient in the proposed EWPHE system to reach an average temperature decrease from 35 °C to 27 °C. Subsequently, in the field experiment, the EWPHE system had an average efficacy of 55% throughout January, which is quite promising. Journal of Engineering Science 14(2), 2023, 79-88

Achieving sustainable development through agriculture-forestry-livestock nexus in Bangladesh: Synergies and trade-offs

CONTEXTIn the pursuit of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030, integrating agriculture-forestry-livestock (AFL) systems has emerged as a potential tool in developing countries. Yet, the extent of synergies and trade-offs associated with each SDG and viable strategies to address these trade-offs and leverage the synergies lack clarity. OBJECTIVEThe objective of this study is to investigate the synergies and trade-offs associated with integrating AFL practices in Bangladesh toward achieving the 17 SDGs and suggest appropriate solutions to address the trade-offs. METHODSThis study employs an online survey based on the Delphi principles, ensuring unbiased opinions from a diverse set of experts with relevant expertise in the AFL nexus. The first survey round gathers insights on potential synergies and trade-offs, and the second round focuses on effective management strategies to address the challenges. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONSFindings reveal that AFL integration holds potential for synergies across SDGs, especially for poverty eradication, zero hunger, life on land, and climate action. However, trade-offs develop due to a lack of technical expertise and managerial knowledge, limited access to financial resources, fragmented land ownership, insufficient market opportunities, existing gender inequities, child labor practices, and an overreliance on wood as a fuel source in Bangladesh. To address these challenges, this study recommends comprehensive strategies such as creating specialized agricultural credit facilities, introducing insurance schemes, promoting cooperative associations, resolving land ownership issues, improving market linkages, addressing child labor, promoting gender equality, and advocating for clean energy alternatives like biogas. These strategies are linked with several national agendas of Bangladesh and aim to minimize trade-offs and maximize the synergies of AFL integration for sustainable development. SIGNIFICANCEThis research contributes to the global discourse on sustainable development by shedding light on the potential of AFL systems in Bangladesh and offers insights for policymakers and stakeholders. The findings also provide guidance for other developing countries facing similar challenges while pursuing the SDGs.

DIGITAL TRUST IN TRANSITION: EVALUATING CUSTOMER CONFIDENCE IN E-BANKING SYSTEMS IN BANGLADESH

This study investigates the evolving landscape of digital trust in the context of E-Banking systems in Bangladesh. Focusing on customers' confidence, the research explores factors influencing trust formation and maintenance in the digital banking sphere. Utilizing a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods, including surveys and interviews, the study sheds light on the dynamics of trust, security perceptions, and user experiences shaping customers' interactions with E-Banking systems. The findings provide valuable insights for banking institutions, policymakers, and researchers seeking to enhance the trustworthiness of digital financial platforms in the Bangladeshi context.

Perspectives on reforming the tobacco tax administration system in Bangladesh to enhance public health

BackgroundTaxation is the most cost-effective instrument to regulate the consumption of tobacco products. However, weak tax administration can compromise the effectiveness of taxation. This paper aimed to understand the process...

The Evolution of Payment Systems in Bangladesh: Transition from Traditional Banking to Blockchain based Transactions

This research offers a thorough examination of Bangladesh's quickly changing financial environment, which is characterized by a notable move away from conventional banking practices and toward cutting-edge innovations like blockchain and digital payments. The study's main goal is to comprehend how users adopt and perceive these financial technologies. To this end, a variety of methodologies, including sentiment analysis, regression models, correlation analysis, and descriptive statistics, are used on a sample of mostly educated, young adults. The main conclusions show that online banking services are seen as having a moderate level of security, that use and security ratings are negatively correlated, and that service variety and security perceptions are positively correlated. Furthermore, despite increased knowledge, the report indicates a cautious attitude to cryptocurrency adoption. The study also emphasizes how digital banking might eventually supplant more conventional approaches, with security and user concerns playing a major role in this notion. Users' opinions on payment system enhancements seem to be a combination of indifferent and somewhat favourable. Reaching more age groups, adding options, and focusing on safety are some ideas to make online banking better. The report says it only looked at some people and services, so future work should look at more people and bigger topics. Overall, it gives banks and government helpful facts and plans to deal with digital money's chances and challenges in Bangladesh.

Assessment of the Level of Knowledge Regarding Breast Cancer among the Female Students of Basic B.Sc. in Nursing at Square College of Nursing, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Health care system in Bangladesh has been achieved changed and improved status now. But there is still a field where we have to work a lot and that is the slow progress in improving health care system in Bangladesh. Specially, it is very important to increase knowledge and awareness and knowledge about breast cancer among young generation, however all ages people. Breast cancer is the highest public detected cancer among female population in the majority of countries worldwide. There are many risk factors that may increase the chances of developing breast cancer, these include - age, sex, family history of breast cancer, drug abuse, obesity, hormone replacement therapy. We collected some information about breast cancer from the SQUARE College of Nursing, among the female students about age of (19-23) years. The aim of this study was to find out the knowledge among the female students at the SQUARE College of Nursing in Dhaka city. This study adopted a descriptive type of cross-sectional study design. This study used questionnaire as data collection instruments. This study has been carried out for assessing the knowledge regarding about breast cancer among the female students using simple random sampling technique in face to face. The collected data was checked complied in various tables, charts, and analyzed by using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) program. The mean age of the female respondents was 21 years, most of them were Muslims by religion. Educational qualification of female respondents was undergraduate B.Sc. in nursing students. Most (90%) respondents’ mother were housewife and most (35%) respondents’ father were business man. In this study 25% respondent's had excellent knowledge, 6.7% respondents had very good knowledge, 13.3% respondent's had good knowledge, 55% respondents had below average knowledge about breast cancer. On the other hand, breast cancer early detection purpose and the presence of family history of breast cancer were considered facilitators to regular practice BSE. A statistically significant relationship existed between knowledge about the steps of applying the BSE and regular practicing. A training program should be implemented to increase the level of awareness about BC and practicing BSE.