Security System Research Articles

Solomon Islands Police Perceptions of Australian and New Zealand Policing Assistance

Police reform is a critical component of peacekeeping, peacebuilding, and reintroducing stability in countries emerging from conflict. The assumption is that without a secure environment and a security system, sustained peace, political, economic, and cultural rebuilding is impossible. Ethnic conflict in the Solomon Islands between 1998–2003 resulted in reform of the Royal Solomon Islands Police Force (RSIPF), carried out by the Australian-led Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands (RAMSI). This institutional reconfiguration has been presented by the Solomon Islands government and RAMSI as a success and the gold standard for reforms in the Pacific. Despite this, internal stakeholder perspectives on the effectiveness and appropriateness of post-conflict institutional reform are absent. This work analyses and explores reflections and experiences of reform held by RSIPF officers at the mission’s culmination. It interrogates critical reflections on the changes during reform, examines key concerns and drawbacks, and advances literature on post-conflict scholarship.

Real-Time Hand Gesture Recognition: A Comprehensive Review of Techniques, Applications, and Challenges

Abstract Real-time Hand Gesture Recognition (HGR) has emerged as a vital technology in human-computer interaction, offering intuitive and natural ways for users to interact with computer-vision systems. This comprehensive review explores the advancements, challenges, and future directions in real-time HGR. Various HGR-related technologies have also been investigated, including sensors and vision technologies, which are utilized as a preliminary step in acquiring data in HGR systems. This paper discusses different recognition approaches, from traditional handcrafted feature methods to state-of-the-art deep learning techniques. Learning paradigms have been analyzed such as supervised, unsupervised, transfer, and adaptive learning in the context of HGR. A wide range of applications has been covered, from sign language recognition to healthcare and security systems. Despite significant developments in the computer vision domain, challenges remain in areas such as environmental robustness, gesture complexity, computational efficiency, and user adaptability. Lastly, this paper concludes by highlighting potential solutions and future research directions trying to develop more robust, efficient, and user-friendly real-time HGR systems.

A hybrid SATS algorithm based security constrained optimal power flow using FACTS devices

In the realm of power systems, achieving optimal operation while ensuring security remains a paramount challenge. The security constrained optimal power flow (SCOPF) problem deals with optimizing power system operations while taking into account security limitations. Flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) is a system consisting of static equipment used for transmitting electrical energy in the form of AC. The static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) is a specific form of series FACTS device. The unified power flow controller (UPFC) is a FACTS device that is connected in parallel and series with a transmission line. In this research, hybrid simulated annealing and tabu search (hybrid SATS) algorithm is designed to solve SCOPF problems that involve use of FACTS devices. The combination of simulated annealing and tabu search is intended to improve algorithm's pace of convergence and the quality of its solutions. Hybrid SATS with FACTS devices are used to investigate line flow limit violations during single line failures and ensure power flows remain within their security limitations. The efficacy of proposed algorithm is demonstrated through case studies utilizing IEEE 30 bus system. These case studies demonstrate algorithm's capabilities to achieve optimal and secure power system functioning to demonstrate its effectiveness.

IVFAS: An Improved Vehicle-to-Fog Authentication System for Secure and Efficient Fog-Based Road Condition Monitoring

iVFAS: An Improved Vehicle-to-Fog Authentication System for Secure and Efficient Fog-Based Road Condition Monitoring

Secured web application based on CapsuleNet and OWASP in the cloud

The tremendous use of sensitive and consequential information in the advanced web application confronts the security issues. To defend the web application while it processing the information must requires the security system. The detection of attacks of web is made by the payload or HTTP request-based detection in association with the scholars. Some of the scholars provide secured attack model detection; however, it fails to achieve the optimal detection accuracy. In concern with these issues, we propose an innovative technique for the attack detection the web applications. The proposed attack detection is based on the novel deep CapsuleNet based technique and the process begins with pre-processing steps known as decoding, generalization, tokenization/standardization and vectorization. After the pre-processing steps the information are passed to deep CapsuleNet for extracting the features for attaining the temporal dependencies from the sequential data. The subtle patterns in the information also detected using the proposed work. Simulation is effectuated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed work and compared with other existing works. Our proposed system provides better accuracy in detecting the attacks than the state-of-art works.

Internal Affairs Bodies and Their Place in the System of Tasks and Functions of a Modern Democratic State: Issues of Legal Doctrine

The author points out that among the main priorities of Ukraine’s domestic policy since independence has been the creation of reliable mechanisms for security, political stability, and democracy that would correspond to the relevant mechanisms employed in the European Union. The prospect of EU membership is defined at the constitutional level and is a strategic guideline for Ukrainian aspirations for transformation and a key goal for which reforms are being carried out within the Ukrainian state. The creation and implementation of such mechanisms is the standard that will allow Ukraine to join the EU’s common security system, increase the effectiveness of control over the movement and non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, and bring international cooperation in the fight against organized crime, illegal migration, smuggling, terrorism, and drug trafficking to a new level. It is noted that Ukraine’s intentions to integrate into the European space have necessitated significant changes in national legislation aimed at adapting to a wide range of norms and standards generally accepted in international and European practice. The sphere of public security protection deserves special attention from lawmakers, as human rights protection is an invariable «gold standard» that distinguishes a democratic state. Given the state-forming importance of the national police, its improvement is in the zone of increased attention from both the government and society. It is extremely important today to create an effective organizational model of police bodies capable of reliably protecting the interests of the economy and citizens, implementing such principles of reforming the Ukrainian police that would result not only in excellent work in detecting and stopping offenses but also in creating significant resources for preventing offenses. The author demonstrates the dependence of the functional orientation of police structures on the functional orientation of the state, in particular on the form of state-legal regime it implements, which directly lays the basic principles of the activities of law enforcement structures in the country and the principles of their reform. Therefore, the logical idea arises that the functional orientation of police structures may depend on the functional orientation of the state, in particular on the form of state-legal regime it implements, which directly lays the basic principles of the activities of law enforcement structures in the country and the principles of their reform.

Research on the Effects of Corporate Social Insurance on Total Factor Productivity

Social insurance is an insurance arrangement that the country or the government collects from some specific groups, such as enterprises, through compulsory means and then sets up social security funds to guarantee the basic living standards of specific groups of society, including the old, weak, sick, disabled, pregnant and temporarily unemployed. It is a legal responsibility and obligation that enterprises or employers must undertake and in the financial aspect, it is a rigid labor cost besides the wages. In China, enterprise is the main object that should afford the payment of social insurance and its contribution rate is higher than the international level, followed by some negative effects. This article prefers to study the correlation between corporate social insurance and TFP and find a reasonable range of the contribution rate based on the other researchers’ data and viewpoints. It may also provide some possible suggestions to the governments to decrease the burden of firms and ensure the development of a welfare security system.

The ripple effects of climate change on agricultural sustainability and food security in Africa

AbstractClimate change results in lower agricultural outputs, disruption of food supply chains, and widening of the social gap between poor and rich in developing countries, with more vulnerable groups being pushed into untold poverty. This review aims to investigate the consequences of climate change on food insecurity in Africa in the context of environmental degradation. This review emphasizes the complexity of demands on food security systems due to changing climatic conditions under the four pillars (availability, accessibility, utilization, and stability). This review demonstrated the susceptibility of farm production to changes in temperature, precipitation, and weather patterns generated by climate change. In addition, this review investigated the factors shaping food insecurity, such as increasing population growth, poverty, inadequate early warning systems, and weak agricultural infrastructure. Furthermore, the review points out how climate change affects food prices and availability and the widening income gap, potentially leading to social unrest and political instability in Africa. Vulnerable populations, including impoverished, elderly, and physically challenged individuals, are at increased risk due to climate‐related health impacts. Women who face gender inequalities and socioeconomic limitations are particularly susceptible. We posit that there is a need for comprehensive strategies that address health disparities and consider vulnerable subgroups within society alongside broader measures to enhance food security in the face of climate change.

The problem of combating cybercrime: a comparative legal analysis

In the modern world, the development of information technologies opens up new opportunities for communication, business and science. The use and improvement of information technology has led to the emergence of cybercrime. The use and improvement of the field of information technology has led to the emergence of cybercrime. Cybercrime covers a wide range of criminal offenses from identity theft and financial fraud to attacks on critical infrastructure. Cybercrime has become a threat not only to individuals, but also to the state, which involves the destruction of the economic and information spheres, endangering the entire sphere of public life. The problem of countering cybercrime at both the national and international levels is an important issue. Despite the efforts of governments and international organizations to create effective countermeasures against cybercrime, the number and complexity of such criminal offenses continues to grow. This requires constant improvement of legal, technological and organizational protection mechanisms. Unfortunately, the fight against cybercrime in Ukraine is at an initial stage and is not as developed as in other countries of the world. The topic of combating cybercrime is very relevant in the conditions of martial law. Nowadays, a war in the information space can cause no less damage than a war on the battlefield, so cybercrime actors must take all necessary measures to reduce the number of cybercrimes committed by the enemy. One of the priority directions for improving the domestic legal system is the introduction of international concepts, principles and ideas, the use of positive experience of foreign countries in the issue of countering cybercrime.This article examines the main challenges faced by modern cyber security systems, analyzes existing methods of countermeasures in Ukraine and foreign countries, and suggests ways to improve them.

The personnel support of the long-turn care system in the Russian Federation

In Russia, over the past few years, long-term care system is developing as pilot project. Its main goal is to maintain habitual lifestyle of citizens of retirement age and the disabled who have functional impairments and who need help in household chores, sanitary hygienic procedures performance, medications intake, medical procedures execution and and physician prescriptions following in general. According to approved standard model of long-term care main sources of long-term care services are social security system, health care system, relatives and friends of service addressees. However, full-fledged and systemic implementation of program requires not only definition of these components, but also establishment of mechanism of interaction between them. For this, in most cases, elimination of normative inconsistencies impeding care and consideration of interests of elder citizens and the disabled is required. At the same time, it is necessary to foresee personnel staffing for long-term care, since this area is labor-intensive and is based on people interaction, model of person-to-person care. The problems with personnel staffing in medical and social sphere were present earlier, prior to development of long-term care system and without their elimination it is impossible to implement program in accordance with approved road-map. The training of medical specialists to working with older people, training of junior medical personnel to perform sanitary hygienic and medical procedures, provision with social and medical personnel rural areas are among tasks to be implemented. The article presents evaluation of compliance of components of long-term care system with program tasks, including medical personnel staffing and compliance of standards in force with interests of citizens.

Features of the Security System Development of a Computer Telecommunication Network

Features of the Security System Development of a Computer Telecommunication Network

“Crisis situations of the recovery period” represent a feature of the legal regulation of the transition from the wartime period to the provision of military security during the wartime period

One of the postulates of systems theory is the tendency of any system to seek a stable state and avoid chaos. Stability is associated with overcoming crises, which are considered obstacles to development. Crises can serve various functions: destructive, threatening the viability of the system; destructive, leading to further development; and crises that are merely disruptions of equilibrium. In the context of transitioning from repelling armed aggression to ensuring military security in the post-war period, it is appropriate to describe the crisis phenomena and situations of the recovery period, which encompass the real crises of the recovery period. Special attention should be paid to the classification of crises, modeling their development, establishing crisis communications and decision- making in crisis conditions, developing state policy and crisis response strategies, as well as devising methods for crisis prevention. Situation centers play a key role in forecasting the security situation, preparing stabilization operations, and coordinating the actions of various security and defense structures. Their tasks include conveying decisions to personnel and the local population, organizing management and interaction, informing about the development of events, and controlling the execution of decisions. The centers also collect and analyze operational information for timely response to crisis situations. In legal science, the concept of a “crisis of the recovery period” is not widespread, but it may be useful for describing emergencies in the post-war period. The definition of such crises should consider the specific impacts of hazardous factors on national interests. The modern concept of national security of Ukraine envisages the integration of various security sectors, including economic, political, social, and legal aspects. According to legislation, the national security system in the recovery period should be an organized set of entities united by common goals and tasks regarding the protection of national interests. These entities participate in military-civil relations, coordinate their actions, and develop crisis response strategies.

Theoretical and experimental considerations regarding the airbag system operation

Abstract The concept of Passive Safety aims to reduce the harmful effects on vehicle occupants and pedestrians in the event of an accident. Intelligent car bodies and restraint systems have been designed. Thus, side, front, knee and head airbag systems have been introduced, as well as pre-strained seat belts and force limiters. The objectives of car manufacturers are not only to reduce injuries that can cause death, but also a significant reduction of those that can result in permanent damage such as a whiplash. Advanced airbag systems are currently introduced, which offer protection to the occupants at the knees, torso, hips and abdomen. The topic proposed in the paper concerns both theoretical research on the operation of passive security systems, respectively the airbag system, and experimental research. Regarding the theoretical research, this paper proposes a virtual prototyping method by means of the LS Dyna software package of the airbag system functioning in order to protect the driver in the event of a frontal collision. For the analysis of the airbag system functioning, a complex assembly which contains of a dummy, seat, steering wheel, passive safety systems was used. For the experimental research a stand was designed for the analysis and testing of the airbag system, which has the role to protect the driver in the event of a frontal collision of the vehicle. In order to carry out the experimental tests, it was proposed to create a sledge type stand, which simulates frontal collisions.

MANAGING HUMAN RESOURCES IN CONDUCTING FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES: ENSURING FINANCIAL SECURITY IN TOURISM INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES

Within the scope of this article, it is proposed to evaluate human resource management in the context of ensuring financial security at tourism industry enterprises. Accordingly, it is noted that the object of study is the human resource management system and the financial security system. The task is to present a methodological approach that, through surveying, calculating an integral indicator, and evaluating the most significant components, can effectively assess the level of human resource management in tourism enterprises. For this purpose, the methodology adopts several methods including expert analysis and integral evaluation. It is proven that the formation of an appropriate group of indicators and their subsequent grouping will facilitate an effective reflection of a single integral indicator for evaluating human resource management in the context of ensuring financial security at tourism industry enterprises. It is established that tourism industry enterprises are highly active in foreign economic activities, and in this context, the issue of financial security and management systems plays a paramount role. As a result, a group of experts and tourism industry enterprises were selected. The most significant indicators were distinguished and the corresponding calculations were conducted. As a result, it was established that a significant number of tourism industry enterprises fall short of a high level of human resource management, which poses a direct threat to their financial security during foreign economic activities. The presented process of evaluating human resource management in the context of ensuring financial security at tourism industry enterprises may find its practical application in the context of the activities of key security subjects. Limitations include not considering all possible indicators and focusing only on one industry, specifically the tourism industry.

Securing the Internet of Health Things: Embedded Federated Learning-Driven Long Short-Term Memory for Cyberattack Detection

The proliferation of the Internet of Health Things (IoHT) introduces significant benefits for healthcare through enhanced connectivity and data-driven insights, but it also presents substantial cybersecurity challenges. Protecting sensitive health data from cyberattacks is critical. This paper proposes a novel approach for detecting cyberattacks in IoHT environments using a Federated Learning (FL) framework integrated with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks. The FL paradigm ensures data privacy by allowing individual IoHT devices to collaboratively train a global model without sharing local data, thereby maintaining patient confidentiality. LSTM networks, known for their effectiveness in handling time-series data, are employed to capture and analyze temporal patterns indicative of cyberthreats. Our proposed system uses an embedded feature selection technique that minimizes the computational complexity of the cyberattack detection model and leverages the decentralized nature of FL to create a robust and scalable cyberattack detection mechanism. We refer to the proposed approach as Embedded Federated Learning-Driven Long Short-Term Memory (EFL-LSTM). Extensive experiments using real-world ECU-IoHT data demonstrate that our proposed model outperforms traditional models regarding accuracy (97.16%) and data privacy. The outcomes highlight the feasibility and advantages of integrating Federated Learning with LSTM networks to enhance the cybersecurity posture of IoHT infrastructures. This research paves the way for future developments in secure and privacy-preserving IoHT systems, ensuring reliable protection against evolving cyberthreats.

Design and Application of Intelligent Community Policing Security System based on OC-SVM Algorithm

Design and Application of Intelligent Community Policing Security System based on OC-SVM Algorithm

A robust multi-stage intrusion detection system for in-vehicle network security using hierarchical federated learning

As connected and autonomous vehicles proliferate, the Controller Area Network (CAN) bus has become the predominant communication standard for in-vehicle networks due to its speed and efficiency. However, the CAN bus lacks basic security measures such as authentication and encryption, making it highly vulnerable to cyberattacks. To ensure in-vehicle security, intrusion detection systems (IDSs) must detect seen attacks and provide a robust defense against new, unseen attacks while remaining lightweight for practical deployment. Previous work has relied solely on the CAN ID feature or has used traditional machine learning (ML) approaches with manual feature extraction. These approaches overlook other exploitable features, making it challenging to adapt to new unseen attack variants and compromising security. This paper introduces a cutting-edge, novel, lightweight, in-vehicle, IDS-leveraging, deep learning (DL) algorithm to address these limitations. The proposed IDS employs a multi-stage approach: an artificial neural network (ANN) in the first stage to detect seen attacks, and a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) autoencoder in the second stage to detect new, unseen attacks. To understand and analyze diverse driving behaviors, update the model with the latest attack patterns, and preserve data privacy, we propose a theoretical framework to deploy our IDS in a hierarchical federated learning (H-FL) environment. Experimental results demonstrate that our IDS achieves an F1-score exceeding 0.99 for seen attacks and exceeding 0.95 for novel attacks, with a detection rate of 99.99%. Additionally, the false alarm rate (FAR) is exceptionally low at 0.016%, minimizing false alarms. Despite using DL algorithms known for their effectiveness in identifying sophisticated and zero-day attacks, the IDS remains lightweight, ensuring its feasibility for real-world deployment. This makes our model robust against seen and unseen attacks.

When healthcare becomes sick: Recovering from ransomware

This teaching case describes the ransomware attack on Ireland’s national health provider, the Health Service Executive (HSE), and how it recovered. The attack disrupted critical healthcare services across more than 50 hospitals and, in retrospect, highlighted significant cybersecurity vulnerabilities. The case provides an in-depth analysis of the events leading up to the attack, the immediate organizational and technical impacts, and the subsequent response and recovery efforts. It explores issues such as incident response, risk management, business continuity, and the broader implications for public health organizations. It provides insights into the complexities of managing cyber threats in a healthcare context and the importance of robust cybersecurity preparedness. This case is designed for both undergraduate and postgraduate students in courses related to information security, cybersecurity management, and information systems. Students will be encouraged to evaluate the HSE’s preparedness, response strategies, and long-term recovery plans, and to develop recommendations for enhancing cybersecurity resilience in similar organizations.

Improving protection of falcon electronic signature software implementations against attacks based on floating point noise

The object of this study is digital signatures. The Falcon digital signature scheme is one of the finalists in the NIST post-quantum cryptography competition. Its distinctive feature is the use of floating-point arithmetic, which leads to the possibility of a key recovery attack with two non-matching signatures formed under special conditions. The work considers the task to improve the Falcon in order to prevent such attacks, as well as the use of fixed-point calculations instead of floating-point calculations in the Falcon scheme. The main results of the work are proposals for methods on improving Falcon's security against attacks based on the use of floating-point calculations. These methods for improving security differ from others in the use of fixed-point calculations with specific experimentally determined orders of magnitude in one case and proposals for modifying procedures during the execution of which the conditions for performing an attack on implementation level arise in the second case. As a result of the analysis, the probability of a successful attack on the recovery of the secret key for the reference implementation of the Falcon was clarified. Specific places in the code that make the attack possible have been localized and code modifications have been suggested that make the attack impossible. In addition, the necessary scale for fixed-point calculations was determined, at which it is possible to completely get rid of floating-point calculations. The results could be used to qualitatively improve the security of existing digital signatures. This will make it possible to design more reliable and secure information systems using digital signatures. In addition, the results could be implemented in existing systems to ensure their resistance to modern threats

Enhancing Cybersecurity with Blockchain-based Identity Management

In the digital age, the rapid increase in cyber threats has highlighted the need for more robust and secure identity management systems. Traditional centralized identity management systems are often vulnerable to data breaches, unauthorized access, and identity theft, posing significant risks to individuals and organizations. This paper explores the potential of blockchain technology to enhance cybersecurity through decentralized identity management. By leveraging the inherent properties of blockchain—such as immutability, transparency, and decentralization—blockchain-based identity management systems offer a more secure and efficient alternative to traditional methods. The paper provides an in-depth analysis of how blockchain can be utilized to store and manage digital identities securely, reducing the risk of identity fraud and data breaches. It examines various blockchain-based identity management frameworks, highlighting their advantages and potential challenges in implementation. Furthermore, the study discusses the integration of blockchain with other emerging technologies, such as cryptographic algorithms and smart contracts, to create a more resilient cybersecurity infrastructure. Through a review of current literature and case studies, the paper demonstrates the effectiveness of blockchain in enhancing data security and privacy while promoting user control over personal information. The findings suggest that adopting blockchain-based identity management could significantly mitigate cybersecurity threats and enhance trust in digital transactions. However, the paper also acknowledges the need for addressing scalability, regulatory compliance, and interoperability issues to fully realize the potential of blockchain in cybersecurity. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on innovative cybersecurity solutions and provides a foundation for future studies in the field.