System For Different Values Research Articles

Wykładnia pojęcia „dobrej wiary” w orzecznictwie w kontekście dokonywanych w okresie PRL naruszeń prawa własności

The article aims to asses the jurisprudence of the first decades of the 21st century regarding the good faith of stateowned enterprises that began, without a legal title, to use private land in the communist period, placing on them the infrastructure used to transmit electric energy. Courts interpreting general clauses referring to concepts and systems of values lying outside the legal system gain the ability to influence the decision of the case based on their own moral judgments. Therefore, the case where Polish courts operating in a state that respects the principle of equal property protection regardless if the entitled entity had the opportunity to assess the conduct of entities representing the state operating on the basis of a completely different system of values, should be considered particularly interesting. It is typical for totalitarian and authoritarian regimes to formally grant broad protection to individual rights and, at the same time ignore their existence in the activities of the state. It can be seen in the practice of carrying out some infrastructure investments in the communist period. Electricity networks were often built on private land. At that time, there were regulations allowing to obtain a legal title to use the land, both in private law (contract) and of an administrative (expropriation) nature. The state and state-owned enterprises, however, mostly did not use them, focusing on planning investments to obtain permits related to technical issues. The reasons for this behavior can be seen primarily in the basic assumptions of the socialist system. The described practice testified to the real attitude of the state to private property as a type of property that was ultimately to be ousted in the socialist system. The role of economic plans in the Polish People’s Republic was also significant. State bodies and state-owned enterprises primarily aimed at executing plans, regardless of whether or not they violated the individual’s interests in this way. After 1989, the legal status of many power grids, overhead lines, and other devices was therefore not regulated. State-owned enterprises, and the companies resulting from their transformation, used many properties without a legal title. Changes in the legal awareness of society and the grow-ing understanding of economic mechanisms based on the principles of responsibility for one’s own actions and protection of subjective rights, led to many court disputes between owners and entrepreneurs. The most common claims addressed to transmission companies were remunerations for the use of land without legal title and actio negatoria. The case law reacted to the increase in the number of disputes by creating a concept of usucaption of land easement for the benefit of the transmission entrepreneur. Its legitimacy from the beginning raised fundamental doubts in the legal doctrine, but it gained the full support of the courts. Many statements of the Supreme Court assessed the correctness of the state-owned enterprises’ conduct. The relatively numerous statements approving the omission of obtaining a legal title to seize someone else’s real estate in the investment preparation process ought to be considered inter-esting and surprising. They significantly influenced the practice of common courts, causing many claims of property owners against entrepreneurs to be dismissed. Moreover, by expressly praising unlawful interference with the right to property, carried out during the Polish Peopleʼs Republic, they probably also deepened the sense of harm and injustice — caused mainly by a surprising in-terpretation that allowed for the acquisition by prescription of a right unknown to the Act — and above all the belief that courts treated trade participants unequally and that courts granted significant privileging to the state and entities representing its interests.

The Problem of Memory Preservation and Identity Formation (on the Example of the Great Patriotic War Memory)

Significant events of the past have always been the most important aspects in the structuring of national memory. Obviously, they also become key elements in the formation of identity. Therefore, the use of various falsifications, distortions of history, and manipulations in this area seems to be quite logical in the framework of the ongoing information war. The devaluation and depersonalization of the Great Patriotic War memory, of the irreplaceable losses and sacrifices of the Soviet people, of exploits in the name of the Motherland and in the name of victory over fascism have crushing power, destroy the integration potential of the Soviet past, have a destructive effect on the formation of an identity that should be associated with the correct interpretation of the heroic role of the Soviet people. Pride in the past of one's country contributes to the formation of civic consciousness and a positive awareness of one's belonging. The roots of this perception are in the stories of eyewitnesses of those events, which are becoming less and less every year, in the process of socialization, in school history textbooks. In conditions of freedom of choice, with an ever-increasing virtual component of life, in which there are opportunities for the individual to immerse themselves in the format of a completely different socio-cultural space, with a different system of values and meanings, the global elite imposes new standards and determines the field of choice for modern youth. At the same time, our educational task is the preservation and reproduction of memory for future generations.

Dynamics of generalized Caputo type delay fractional differential equations using a modified Predictor-Corrector scheme

In this paper, we modified the Predictor-Corrector scheme to simulate the delay differential equations in new generalised Caputo-type non-classical derivatives sense. We provided some numerical illustrations to exhibit availability of the algorithm. From the graphical simulations, we observed some periodic and chaotic natures of the given systems for different fractional order values. We believe that the presented scheme is expected to be further used to solve delay fractional differential equations in generalized Caputo type fractional-order sense. The original contribution of this research is to provide a generalised numerical algorithm to solve different fractional-order delay-type systems.

Эколого-экономическая концепция инновационного прорыва: теоретико-методологические основы государственной кадровой политики

This article is devoted to the most important issue of ensuring an innovative breakthrough in socio-economic development in the context of the formation of the information society against the background of the deployment of the sixth technological order. Today, humanity is entering a completely new era, characterized by a fundamentally different system of social relations, values and meanings. The transition to a multipolar world model aggravates the competition of developed countries, on the one hand, and weakens the role of the state in the life of society, on the other. Globalization abolishes borders, eliminates inequalities, and at the same time deprives entire peoples of their national, cultural, and linguistic identity, and erases historical memory. Sustainable development - a concept championed by the progressive world community-requires an innovative breakthrough not only on the scale of individual countries, but also on a broader, planetary scale. This article is an attempt to answer the question of whose forces this innovative breakthrough should be achieved. The article deals with one of the most urgent and important problems – the development of a new theoretical and methodological basis for the development of the state system of personnel support for innovative breakthroughs in the context of the deployment of the sixth technological order against the background of the greening of public and, in particular, economic relations. Taking into account the fact that at the present stage of the development of civilization, humanity has come to understand the limited resources of the planet, the world is faced with the inevitability of making strategic decisions related to long-term innovative advanced balanced socio-economic development and aimed at overcoming global problems that threaten the continued existence of man as a biological species. The intensive development of high-tech technologies in the context of entering the sixth technological order accelerates the reduction of the planet's life potential, so it is extremely important to make production as environmentally friendly and economical as possible, to reduce consumption and, consequently, to reduce the rate of depletion of natural resources. It is almost impossible to achieve this without the organization of a proper system of personnel support, so it is extremely important today to determine the role and place of the state in solving this task.

Cover Cropping: A Malleable Solution for Sustainable Agriculture? Meta-Analysis of Ecosystem Service Frameworks in Perennial Systems

Cover crops have been touted for their capacity to enhance multifunctionality and ecosystem services (ESs). Ecosystem services are benefits which people obtain from ecosystems. Despite nearly a century of cover crop research, there has been low adoption of the practice in perennial systems of many parts of the world. Emphasis on the multi-functional dimension of cover crop outcomes may misrepresent the practice as a panacea for sustainable agriculture and distract from the need to tailor the practice to specific contexts and differing value systems. In this study, we explore how cover crop ecosystem service (ES) frameworks reflect the distinct environmental realities of perennial agriculture. We considered that ES value systems are manifested through the non-randomization of research coverage. Therefore, value systems can be elucidated through evidence-based systematic mapping. Our analysis revealed differential systems of ES valuation specific to perennial crop types. While ES frameworks are heavily contextualized, the design of seed mixes is not. We suggest that cover crop adoption could be enhanced by clearly acknowledging the different conceptualizations of agricultural sustainability addressed by various cover crops. Furthermore, explicitly delineating the competing desires of stakeholders is a crucial step in rationally selecting between various cover crop seed mix options.

Mixed spin-3/2 and spin-2 nanowire: magnetic properties and hysteresis behaviors

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to investigate the magnetic properties and the hysteresis loops behavior of a ferrimagnetic cubic nanowire with mixed spins SA = 3/2 and SB = 2.Design/methodology/approachWe have used the Monte Carlo simulation to examine the influences of the exchange interaction JB, the crystal field ∆ and the temperature on the magnetic properties and hysteresis loops of the nanowire. More exactly, we have shown the temperature dependence of the sublattice magnetizations (mA and mB) and the total magnetization (M) for several values of the Hamiltonian parameters, as well as the corresponding phase diagrams. Finally, the effect of an external magnetic field is studied by plotting the hysteresis loops of the system for different values of exchange interaction, crystal field and temperature.FindingsThe obtained results show the existence of second-order phase transitions, as well as the compensation behavior. Moreover, according to the values of the Hamiltonian parameters, the system can exhibit one, two or three hysteresis loops.Originality/valueThe magnetic nanowires are of great interest in experimental works, but without theoretical explanations, the experimental results cannot be clarified in depth. For this, we contribute through this theoretical study to understand the nanowires, especially those with mixed spins (2, 3/2).

Dimming controlled multi header hybrid PPM (MH-HPPM) for visible light communication

Visible Light Communication (VLC), which gives communication alongside illumination, has increased a great deal of enthusiasm amongst researchers. VLC system needs to consider dimming control to offer effective communication while illuminating. In this paper, a dimming control scheme based on pulse position modulaton (PPM) and inverse PPM is proposed, which supports different dimming levels. PPM supports low dimming value whereas inverse-PPM has an inherent property of supporting higher dimming value for the same block length. Hence, the proposed scheme utilizes both PPM and inverse-PPM to achieve different dimming target values. This paper presents the algorithm for encoding and decoding of multi-header hybrid pulse position modulation (MH-HPPM) scheme and also shows the NI Labview SubVI code for generating the MH-HPPM frame under dimming values of 0.25, 0.33, 0.5, 0.67 and 0.75. Simulations are executed in MATLAB 2017a to simulate random input bits using the proposed scheme in the VLC system for different dimming values and evaluate the BER performance of the scheme. The simulation result shows that the proposed scheme performs better for dimming value $$\alpha = 0.25$$ , block length $$K = 4$$ , is bandwidth efficient and hence can be considered as an alternate dimming control scheme.

THE HALLATON INGOT: SILVER IN IRON AGE BRITAIN

SummaryThis article is a case study of the detailed contextual and scientific analysis of a single object, moving beyond a conventional object biography to consider flows of materials and shifts in meaning and value. The object is a simple triangular silver ingot from the Late Iron Age shrine site at Hallaton, Leicestershire, UK. Scientific analysis is used to uncover the biography of the ingot, and the raw materials from which it was created. The results suggest that the metal which eventually formed the ingot circulated through both Iron Age and Roman social networks, being reworked and transformed several times before it was deposited. Silver emerges as a material which mediated between the Mediterranean world and Iron Age communities in Britain, allowing translation and transmutation between different systems of value in conquest‐period Britain.

Finite-Time Stabilization Procedures for Discrete-Time Nonlinear Systems in Feedback Form

New control procedures for finite-time stabilization of discrete-time nonlinear systems in the strict-feedback form are proposed. The proposed designs enjoy the properties of being dependent on one design parameter and the ability to bring the state vector to the origin in finite time. Moreover, the settling-time functions are estimated in terms of the initial state vector and the unique design parameter that regulates the rate of the finite-time convergence. Finally, a trajectory-tracking control algorithm is presented and approved by numerical simulations. The simulation results have shown the excellent performance of the closed-loop system for different values of the free design parameter.

On the Caputo-Fabrizio fractal fractional representation for the Lorenz chaotic system

<abstract><p>The widespread application of chaotic dynamical systems in different fields of science and engineering has attracted the attention of many researchers. Hence, understanding and capturing the complexities and the dynamical behavior of these chaotic systems is essential. The newly proposed fractal-fractional derivative and integral operators have been used in literature to predict the chaotic behavior of some of the attractors. It is argued that putting together the concept of fractional and fractal derivatives can help us understand the existing complexities better since fractional derivatives capture a limited number of problems and on the other side fractal derivatives also capture different kinds of complexities. In this study, we use the newly proposed Caputo-Fabrizio fractal-fractional derivatives and integral operators to capture and predict the behavior of the Lorenz chaotic system for different values of the fractional dimension $ q $ and the fractal dimension $ k $. We will look at the well-posedness of the solution. For the effect of the Caputo-Fabrizio fractal-fractional derivatives operator on the behavior, we present the numerical scheme to study the graphical numerical solution for different values of $ q $ and $ k $.</p></abstract>

Testing Maximum Power Point Tracking Controller for PV System

Recently, the demand for renewable energy sources, in particular solar, has been increasing. This is due to declining demand for other fuels due to the poor reputation, waste of nuclear energy and limited fossil resources such as coal. The growing popularity of silicon significantly reduces the cost and increases the availability of solar energy. The main technique of increasing efficiency of the converter is to find maximum power point tracking (MPPT) that addressing problem of efficiency of power transfer from the solar cell depends on both the amount of sunlight falling on the solar panels and the electrical characteristics of the load. As the amount of sunlight varies, the load characteristic that gives the highest power transfer efficiency changes, so that the efficiency of the system is optimized when the load characteristic changes to keep the power transfer at highest efficiency. This load characteristic is called the maximum power point and MPPT is the process of finding this point and keeping the load characteristic there. Electrical circuits can be designed to present arbitrary loads to the photovoltaic cells and then convert the voltage, current, or frequency to suit other devices or systems, and MPPT solves the problem of choosing the best load to be presented to the cells in order to get the most usable power out.This article considers the construction of MPPT controller of solar panel, which must operate at up to 60W power of solar panel and up to 30V of output battery voltage. Given the structure of the system and the necessary operating parameters, for its construction it is necessary to take into account various circuit solutions for the power unit, as well as methods for finding the point of maximum power for the control circuit.The design and construction of the MPPT controller of the photovoltaic system and testing for different irradiation values is considered. Various circuit design solutions and algorithms for the operation of the MPPT controller were analyzed and a two-switch buck-boost circuit and a perturb and observe algorithm were selected. After making the system task is at general checking of possible operating in a given range of current and voltage, as well as the ability to respond to changes in current and voltage values and some external conditions that directly affect the work of a solar panel. The algorithm of work, formulas for emulation and an example of system work were given. The algorithm of work, formulas for emulation and an example of system work were given. The time diagrams of the control signals of the transistors at the time of switching from buck mode to boost mode are shown. A step-by-step description of the changes that occur in the system during the change of parameters and how the feedback stabilizes the operation of the device to maintain the maximum power of the system.After the developed experiment, the workability of the layout was checked and various variants of operation of the device for different lighting conditions were simulated. A conclusion was drawn on the potential for further development of the proposed solution. The circuit used operates at a given power and the proposed idea has the potential for further development and experimenting.

ФЕНОМЕН КЛИПОВОГО МЫШЛЕНИЯ В КОНТЕКСТЕ ВУЗОВСКОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

This article is devoted to the problem of clip thinking as a phenomenon of the modern information society. Since the clip type of thinking is mainly a characteristic of modern children and young people, the authors emphasize the special importance of this problem in relation to the system of education and upbringing. According to the authors, the communication of participants in the educational process, who usually belong to two fundamentally different types of thinking: linear and nonlinear, makes the problem particularly relevant. The article raises the problem of the origin of a new type of person in modern conditions with a different way of perceiving the world and approaches to information processing, a different system of priorities, moral and ethical values. The characteristic features of people with clip thinking are revealed. The authors emphasize the objective nature of the reasons for the origin of the phenomenon of clip thinking in modern society. Like any type of thinking, clip thinking has a certain list of positive and negative features that need to be taken into account in the learning process and gently corrected through education. The article focuses on the problem of revision of the approaches to teaching young people in the system of modern higher education. According to the authors, interactive and visual methods should play an important role in the learning process, and a special attention should be given to role modeling of situations aimed at strengthening empathy and increasing the sense of responsibility.

Legally protected cultural goods and bankruptcy proceedings

This paper deals with general problems of legal aims of bankruptcy proceedings in connection with the aims of heritage protection – issues built by completely different systems of values. Bankruptcy is designed for protecting pecuniary interest of a limited group of people, while cultural heritage is protected for present and future generations, despite its current commercial significance. In the global environment, bankruptcy of a cultural goods owner usually has a cross-border range but national bankruptcy legislations and laws devoted to heritage protection differ in very serious aspects. For this reason the paper is not limited to any concrete legal order. There are discussed some important universal issues: limits for a trustee in managing cultural goods which are a part of bankruptcy estate, legal status of cultural goods excluded from bankruptcy estate, consequences of bankruptcy sale in the case of lack of bankrupt’s ownership title.

STABILITY ANALYSIS OF HYBRID ENERGY STORAGE BASED ON SUPERCAPACITOR AND BATTERY

The aim of the work is to analyze the stability of the battery-supercapacitor hybrid storage of power supply for resistance micro-welding equipment, considering the possible variation of the system parameters and taking into account parallel series resistance of the circuit components. Methodology. The sufficient accurate mathematical model of the hybrid energy storage system to stability analysis has been obtained by the state-space average method. According to the state-space averaging method, PWM switching converters are described by separate circuit topologies for each switching period. The system of differential equations for each time interval has been derived by use of the Kirchhoff rules. The small-signal model transfer function of the SEPIC converter has been obtained by applying the Laplace transform to linear state equations averaged over one switching cycle. Finally, the Nyquist stability criterion has been considered to evaluate the stability of the proposed energy storage system. Results. Bode diagrams of an open-loop system for different values of the duty cycle, average load current, and input voltage have been obtained by using MATLAB software. The gain margin ranges from 14.6 dB to 26.4 dB and the phase margin ranges from 45.4 degrees to 54.8 degrees. From these results, it is obvious that the proposed system meets the stability criteria regardless of the aforementioned parameter fluctuations. Originality. The high-efficiency energy storage system for micro resistance welding technology has been proposed. Developing of the energy storage system according to the battery semi-active hybrid topology enables to control the Li-ion battery discharge current within the maximum allowable value. SEPIC converter utilization ensures the high-efficient operation of the power supply despite the battery charge state. Moreover, this topology allows implementing series and parallel configuration of both batteries and supercapacitors to obtain the required value of voltage and current. Practical significance. The mathematical model of the SEPIC converter has been developed by applying the state-space averaging technique. The stability analysis for parameter variation, such as duty cycle and the average load current, the input voltage has been performed by using Nyquist criteria.

Elastic constants and the formation of topological defects in hybrid nematic cells: A Monte Carlo study.

We present a Monte Carlo study of the effects of elastic anisotropy on the topological defects which can be formed in nematic films with hybrid boundary conditions. We simulate the polarized microscopy images and analyze their evolution in uniaxial systems for different values of the Frank elastic constants.

Thermodynamic geometry, transition between attractive and repulsive interactions and condensation of dual statistics

We consider new generalized statistics based on the generalization of statistical weight. We work out the thermodynamic curvature of an ideal gas with particles obeying such generalized statistics. For different values of generalization parameters; p and q, we observe that both attractive and repulsive intrinsic statistical interaction is expected. As long as p ⩾ q, the thermodynamic curvature is positive in full physical range. We show that for p < q, generally dominant behavior in high temperature is Fermi-like while in low temperature, the thermodynamic curvature is positive and the systems behaves such as bosons. Also, by more decreasing of the temperature, the system transits to the condensate phase. In fact, the attractive statistical interaction is related to parameter p, while by increasing the value of q, the repulsive interaction is induced. Explicitly, the specified fugacity () of the system, where the sign of thermodynamic curvature is changed and for (z > z∗p,q) the statistical behavior is fermion like (boson like ), is explored. Also, we extract the variation of statistical behavior of the system for different values of generalization parameters with respect to the temperature. Finally, we investigate the condensation phase transition temperature of the system for different values of generalization parameters.

Know-How or Know-Who: Sociocultural Upbringing and Organizational Social Networks

Organizations are a key venue where individuals from different backgrounds have the opportunity to interact and yet we know very little about how social class background shapes interactions within the workplace. There is reason to believe that the differing value systems of social class groups influence their attitudes and behavior towards workplace connections and relationship formation. This research considers how social class background affects organizational social networks as well as the class-distinct values and attitudes that shape networking behavior of employees. To study this phenomenon, we analyze a sample of 490 employees from a broad range of roles and organizations across the United States to find that (a) the attitude toward networking varies by class groups and mediate social class’s effect on network outcomes; (b) social class background affects class composition; and (c) social class mobility may affect these relationships. Additionally, I provide quantitative support that the middle social class hold central positions within organizations, particularly in connecting the lower and upper social class to one another, and thus merit more careful consideration by organizations and in future research.

ENVIRONMENTAL PERCEPTION OF YOUNG URBAN PLANNERS AFTER AN ECOLOGY COURSE: THE SURPRISE OF A TOTAL DISAGREEMENT

A vast number of studies showed that the environmental perception, essential for a change of the mindset required for diminishing the global changes, can be modeled by education and media. Education appears to be a predictor of the general attitude towards the environment, but in special for the perception of issues specific to the urban environment. This study used a didactic exercise to test whether the importance of environmental issues is agreed upon the course. The findings were surprising; on the one hand, environmental issues were always considered a downside of the urban environment, but on the opposite side, their importance always disagreed. The results suggest that young urban planners are not as receptive to the environmental issues, and most likely have a different system of values, which explains the lack of environmental concern in the contemporary Romanian cities.

Research of resonance vibrations of the system «Telescopic screw — bulk medium» caused by torsional vibrations

The article outlines the relevance of using the principle of telescopy in the process of creation screw conveyors, which nowadays are folded to obtain significant lengths, which makes their designs expensive and structurally unreasonably complicated. It has been shown an experimental equipment, which provides measurement results of the research process in a wide range with high accuracy in an automated control mode with the necessary data capture. Based on the constructed mathematical model, the dependences of the angular perturbation velocity on the physicomechanical and geometric parameters of the «telescopic screw — bulk medium» system have been obtained. Because of analytical relations describing the laws of variation of characteristic parameters for its oscillation resonance case have been received. It has been proved that for resonant oscillations, when there are significant angular velocities of rotation, the natural frequency of the bending oscillations is smaller and at the same time the amplitude of the transition through the resonance is smaller. The results of the amplitude of the transverse oscillations of the system for different values of the angular velocity of rotation in time during the transition through the internal resonance, which largely depends on the physicomechanical and geometric characteristics of the motion of the medium, have been presented.

Conservatives' Moral Foundations Are More Densely Connected Than Liberals' Moral Foundations.

We use network psychometrics to map a subsection of moral belief systems predicted by moral foundations theory (MFT). This approach conceptualizes moral systems as networks, with moral beliefs represented as nodes connected by direct relations. As such, it advances a novel test of MFT’s claim that liberals and conservatives have different systems of foundational moral values, which we test in three large datasets (NSample1 = 854; NSample2 = 679; NSample3 = 2,572), from two countries (the United States and New Zealand). Results supported our first hypothesis that liberals’ moral systems show more segregation between individualizing and binding foundations than conservatives. Results showed only weak support for our second hypothesis, that this pattern would be more typical of higher educated than less educated liberals/conservatives. Findings support a systems approach to MFT and show the value of modeling moral belief systems as networks.