Analysis Of Structural Systems Research Articles

Design optimization and failure analysis of natural composite sandwich T-joints under pulling load conditions

This paper presents a structural analysis of composite sandwich T-joint systems respond to pulling loads. A finite element (FE) model of the T-joint structure was created with four geometrical models, and three different materials were used to compare the design and identify the failure locations. The stress-critical regions were identified within and beneath the Stringers, which are responsible for connecting the base and web panels and transferring loads. The FEA studies showed that T-joint fails due to high shear stress in the stringer, base panel (flange), web, and bolted joint areas. The combination of shear and tensile stress in the adhesive layer between the composite base panel and the stringers lead to failure. Furthermore, incorporating a circular hole in the web panel near the joint resulted in an 11.8 % reduction of failure load. Due to the intricate stress distribution and geometric variations in these joints, premature failure can occur. Therefore, meticulous attention is essential for wing structures at spar joints, especially under extreme load conditions. Despite the complex manufacturing process, the present conventional T-joint design is extremely effective. However, other designs for low-cost manufacturing were proposed and evaluated. The investigation determined that the sandwich structure exhibits a shear stress of 28.88 MPa and von Mises stresses of 57.75 MPa. These values are higher than those observed in design cases 1 and 2. Therefore, design case 3 is suitable for aeronautical applications.

Optimization and analysis of battery thermal management system structure based on flat heat pipes and biomimetic fins

As one of the key components of electric vehicles, the enhancement of the performance of the power battery is closely intertwined with an efficient Battery Thermal Management System (BTMS). In the realm of BTMS, Flat Heat Pipes (FHP) have garnered considerable attention due to their lightweight structure and excellent thermal conductivity. Thus, a BTMS configuration scheme based on FHP is proposed in this study. Utilizing orthogonal design and fuzzy grey relational analysis as the evaluation methods, coupled with numerical simulations, an investigation into the influence of four structural parameters of the novel biomimetic fins (namely, the diameter, height, spacing of protrusions, and height of cooling fins) on the temperature distribution of the battery pack is conducted. The research findings indicate that to maintain the battery within an optimal operational temperature range, the optimal dimensional parameters should be controlled at 17.5 mm, 4 mm, 13 mm, and 90 mm, respectively. Subsequent sensitivity analysis reveals that the height of the protrusions exhibits the most significant influence on the maximum temperature of the module, whereas the height of the cooling fins exerts a considerable impact on the consistency of the module temperature. The optimized maximum temperature is determined to be 36.52 °C, with a temperature difference of 2.65 °C.

Toward Sustainable Architecture: Structural Analysis and Energy Efficiency of Vertical Sun Control Systems

Toward Sustainable Architecture: Structural Analysis and Energy Efficiency of Vertical Sun Control Systems

PSDM: A parametrized structural dynamic modeling method based on digital twin for performance prediction

Digital twin (DT) technology is a powerful tool that accurately represents physical entities and provides real-time monitoring and reliability analysis capabilities for decision-makers and managers. However, modeling complex systems in structural health monitoring using DTs can be repetitive and tedious with existing approaches. To address these issues, we propose a new approach called the Parametrized Structural Dynamic Modeling(PSDM) method. This approach effectively parametrizes dynamic systems in structural health monitoring by leveraging Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) to represent and analyze complex structural behaviors. It also incorporates model reduction and kernel functions. By integrating physics-based insights and advanced modeling methodologies, the PSDM method aims to bridge the gap between the physical and digital domains, enabling accurate and efficient analysis of complex structural systems. To verify its accuracy and efficiency, we apply the PSDM method to two engineering cases: the wing cantilever beam and the telehandler boom. The results demonstrate that the online computational cost of the PSDM method is lower than Finite Element Methods (FEM), thereby improving the computational efficiency of DT modeling technology for complex-large structures. Thus, this research presents a feasible method for implementing structural reliability analysis for engineering equipment.

On group-theoretic eigenvalue vibration analysis of structural systems with C6v symmetry

In considerations of the linear vibration of symmetric systems, group theory allows the space of the eigenvalue problem to be decomposed into independent subspaces that are spanned by symmetry-adapted freedoms. These problems usually feature one or more degenerate subspaces (i.e. subspaces that contain repeating solutions). For such subspaces, the associated idempotents, as calculated from the character table of the symmetry group, are not capable of full decomposition of the subspace. In this paper, and based on group theory, simple algebraic operators that fully decompose the two degenerate subspaces of structural problems belonging to the C6v symmetry group are proposed. The operators are applied to the vibration of a spring-mass system, for which the results for natural frequencies are found to agree exactly with results from the literature. Their application to the vibration of a hexagonal plane grid reveals new insights on the character of the modes of degenerate subspaces. The overall conclusion is that, for problems belonging to the C6v symmetry group, the proposed operators allow the mixed modes of degenerate subspaces to be separated into two distinct symmetry categories, and are very effective in simplifying the actual computation of the repeating eigenvalues of these subspaces.

Water resources of the Podilia region and their use

Purpose. To analyze the state of water resources of the Podilsk region and the territorial features of water use in order to optimize their use. Methods. Methods of system-structural analysis, statistical, cartographic, modeling. Rresults. The current state and peculiarities of the use of water resources in the territory of the administrative districts of the Podilsk region were analyzed according to the indicators of total water intake from natural water bodies, the use of fresh water in general and the sectoral structure of water use. The main consumers of water resources in the region are industrial enterprises and housing and communal services. The largest share of underground water intake is in Ternopil Oblast, and the smallest in Vinnytsia, which is related to natural reserves of underground water. The largest volumes of water intake from natural water bodies and the use of fresh water are observed in the Khmelnytskyi region, and the smallest - in the Ternopil region. The analysis of the dynamics of water use indicators over the period 2020-2022 determined a decrease in the volume of water intake, especially in 2022, in all regions of the region. The largest share of water is used in the regions of the region for production needs. Conclusions. The dynamics of water consumption in all regions of the region has a tendency to decrease the volume of water intake. There are certain differences in the amount of surface and underground water intake. For many administrative districts and territorial communities, the problem of rational use of water resources is relevant.

An Improved Online Genotype Registration System

The genotype registration system aids in the patient's understanding of his genotype's future trends and behavior, enabling management to make informed decisions. The purpose of the design is to provide rapid access to and retrieval of patient data from hospital data warehouses, hence reducing the amount of time lost on such data retrieval. The data mining tool was also made to find hidden patterns that support managerial decision- making. The analysis of the current system, which served as a blueprint for the design of the suggested system, was conducted using structured system analysis and design methodology. A data warehouse for patient information was created using the PHP programming language and mySQL, allowing for the retrieval of said information as needed.

ENSURING ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF SETTLEMENTS IN UKRAINE AND EU COUNTRIES: LEGAL, ECONOMIC AND MANAGERIAL ASPECTS

The study examines energy and energy-related environmental policies in the international context and their impact on the economy and businesses in the context of energy efficiency. The focus is on Ukraine's integration into the European energy market and the legislative features of energy policy. The purpose of the article is to determine the content and features of the administrative and legal regime for the use of solar energy facilities in Ukraine in the light of ensuring the requirements for the viability of human settlements. The tasks of the article were to determine the EU energy efficiency policy, its economic and regulatory justification, which can be adapted to the needs of meeting the energy needs of Ukraine in the crisis conditions of war, and to determine the strategy for the development of energy efficiency of settlements in post-war conditions. The study used general scientific and special methods, the main of which were: abstract-logical, deductive, inductive, historical, modelling and forecasting, methods of system structural, system and functional analysis, economic-statistical (grouping, comparison, etc.). As a result, the authors conclude that the reason for this is its clear advantages over traditional sources, which are difficult to refute. In some countries, the government is implementing complex public programmes with huge financial investments for gradual replacement, but so far the results remain insignificant. Ensuring an adequate level of energy efficiency in Ukraine requires the activation of processes of harmonization of the current national legislation with the standards of the EU energy and climate policy, which is connected with: amendments to the Tax Code of Ukraine in order to create conditions for attracting investors to the market of energy services; further processes of decentralization of the energy system and the spread of alternative, independently separated energy subsystems and energy resource traders; formation of artificial raw materials as sources of thermal energy.

ScaleLat: A chemical structure matching algorithm for mapping atomic structure of multi-phase system and high entropy alloys

ScaleLat (Scale Lattice) is a computer program written in C for performing the atomic structure analysis of multi-phase system or high entropy alloys (HEAs). The program implements an atomic cluster cell extraction algorithm to obtain all symmetry independent characteristic atomic cluster cells for the complex atomic configurations which are usually obtained from molecular dynamics or kinetic Monte-Carlo simulations at nanoscale or mesoscopic scale. ScaleLat implements an efficient and unique chemical structure matching algorithm to match all extracted atomic clusters from a large supercell (>104 atoms) to a representative small one (∼ 103 or less), providing the possibility to directly use the highly accurate quantum mechanical methods to study the electronic, magnetic, and mechanical properties of multi-component alloys for complex microstructures. We demonstrate the capability of ScaleLat code by conducting both the atomic structure matching analysis for Fe-12.8 at.% Cr binary alloy and equiatomic CrFeCoNiCu high entropy alloy, successfully obtaining the representative supercells containing 102∼103 atoms for two systems. The reliability of the proposed chemical structure matching scheme is tested and confirmed by calculating the electronic structures of both examples using trial supercells with various sizes. Overall, ScaleLat program provides a universal platform to efficiently map all essential chemical structures of large complex atomic structures to a relatively easy-handling small supercell for quantum mechanical calculations of various user interested properties. Program SummaryProgram Title: ScaleLatCPC Library link to program files: https://doi.org/10.17632/cv6wsxy938.1Developer's repository link: https://github.com/NanLi-xjtu/ScaleLat.gitLicensing provisions: MITProgramming language: CNature of Problem: Very large supercells containing more than 104 atoms must be used to describe the atomic structure of multi-phase materials or high entropy alloys, and their electronic and mechanical properties are almost not possible to be investigated using quantum mechanical calculations within conventional computational hardware. Decreasing the total number of atoms in a smaller representative supercell which preserves all essential chemical structures of the original large supercell is the key to tackling the problem.Solution to the Problem: An atomic cluster cell extraction algorithm is realized to thoroughly obtain all symmetry independent characteristic chemical structures of multi-phase system or high entropy alloys. Utilizing the direct atom swapping method, the efficient chemical structure matching procedure is developed to map all extracted characteristic atomic cluster cells of benchmark structure to the small supercell by minimizing their differences in both the types and relative fractions of atomic cluster cell sets.

Social network dynamics in rural public spaces of multi-ethnic settlements: A case study from Tongren, China

In multi-ethnic rural settlements, a diversity of social relationships gives rise to various public spaces. The integration of cultures, propelled by urbanization, poses challenges to the unique characteristics of these rural public spaces. This process leads to issues such as the loss of cultural diversity, increased homogeneity of spaces, uneven distribution of public services, and low efficiency in space utilization, which seriously interfere with the healthy and sustainable development of rural social systems in multi-ethnic rural areas. This study, focusing on the rural public spaces in Tongren's multi-ethnic settlements, employs a social network analysis approach to investigate the implications of these spaces for the stability of rural community life and the preservation of cultural identities. A model for analyzing social networks in rural public spaces was developed, emphasizing overlapping patterns of user groups, activities, and spatial entities. Analysis of the social networks was conducted in three domains: emotional support, material exchange, and information dissemination. A semantic model was also constructed to understand the usage and structural networks within these public spaces. Comparative analyses between the usage and structural networks of rural public spaces were conducted to develop a comprehensive structural analysis system for these areas. Application of this system in analyzing the rural public spaces of Tongren revealed distinct findings. The connectivity of the structural network in Dongganmu Village's public spaces was found to be lower than that of the usage network, indicating that social factors heavily influence villagers' interactions. Furthermore, the number of small groups within the usage network was fewer than in the structural network, reflecting a lack of hierarchy in public space organization. Villagers’ preferences for public spaces were primarily influenced by cultural beliefs rather than spatial accessibility. The insights garnered from this study not only contribute to the understanding of social network structures in rural public spaces within multi-ethnic settlements but also provide a foundation for informed decision-making regarding the sustainable development of these areas.

Development of Large-scale Bending and Torsional Test Rig Using Strong Floor Anchorage System for Structural Analysis

Development of Large-scale Bending and Torsional Test Rig Using Strong Floor Anchorage System for Structural Analysis

Implementasi Structured System Analysis and Design Method pada Sistem Informasi Retribusi Pasar

Mojopanggung market is a traditional market located in mojopanggung sub-district, giri sub-district, banyuwangi regency. Based on the field survey, there are problems with the data processing system for market retribution income reports managed by market treasurers who stell have a conventional approach in processing payment data recorded in books and microsoft excel. This results in the current system having many weaknesses and limitations, increasing the risk of data loss. In addition, providing information to recapitulation officers in the field of market management becomes difficult. Therefore, it is necessary to design a website-based market levy income information system, which can handle problems that arise, where the system can be used to monitor market levy income report data, as well as facilitate the provision of information to recapitulation officers in the field of market management the design of a website-based market levy income information system was built by applying the structured system analysis and design method (SSADM). From the results of research that has been carried out, every company or government agency is encouraged to utilize information technology as a means of supporting business activities. A part from that, designing a website-based market levy income information system is very necessary and needed, in order to make it easier to provide information related to market traders’ dependents, as well as reporting levy income results and activities for monitoring data, so that in can produce levy income report data more easily and effectively

Codes of Professional Ethics in the System of Regulation of Corporate Relations

Introduction. The article presents a study of the feasibility of having corporate codes of ethics in corporations that have different statutory goals, examines questions about the correlation between business and moral rules, the role of ethical codes in the management of corporations, the practical benefits, “payback” of codes and attracting investments.Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the study was the following general scientific and special methods of cognition of legal phenomena and processes: the method of system-structural analysis; method of synthesis of social and legal phenomena; comparative legal method; formal logical method.Research results. As a result of the study, the Author came to the conclusion that the presence of codes of professional ethics is an indicator of the moral maturity of a society (in our case, a corporation), which can independently regulate the behavior of its members without the help of the state.Regardless of the degree of connection between codes of ethics and federal legislation, their blanket nature or sovereignty, corporate codes of ethics remain one of the most important tools for managing the activities of a corporation and regulating corporate relations.Examining the codes of ethics of corporations, it can be stated that, when integrated with the law, they have a positive impact on increasing the efficiency of the corporation and the formation of a morally oriented corporate culture.The inclusion of ESG principles in corporate codes of ethics increases the company’s responsibility in the field of environmental protection and brings corporations to a new level of social significance. In turn, this leads to the socialization of the business and helps to increase the business reputation of the corporation.Discussion and conclusion. The study of corporate codes of ethics allows us to draw conclusions that, having the status of a corporate regulatory legal act, it is a flexible and full-fledged tool for managing a corporation.The interaction of law and morality in corporations is implemented through a new model of influence on management, where the norms of ethics and morality are intertwined with legal mechanisms to achieve a synergistic effect - the formation of a unique corporate culture.The practical uniformity of the categories of morality and ethics used in corporate codes of ethics provides grounds for the development of universal ethical principles for their mandatory use in these acts.

Global Forum on Migration: a New Stage of State Cooperation on Forced Migration

Introduction. The 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees is the legal basis of the global system of international protection of forced migrants, but it does not cover all contemporary aspects of international legal regulation of forced migration. UN member states cannot agree on the adoption of a new international legal act of universal character that would replace the 1951 Convention, which was adopted more than seven decades ago [13. P. 4-5]. “Migration crisis” of 2015–2016 forced the world community to return to the search for solutions to the problems of international legal regulation of forced migration. First, UN member states adopted the New York Declaration on Refugees and Migrants in 2016. According to Annex I to the Declaration, UNHCR was tasked with developing a new international legal act on forced migration within two years. The UNHCR, as part of its annual report in 2018, presented a draft Global Compact on Refugees, which was adopted by the UN General Assembly. Global Compact on Refugees drafted by UNHCR, although not legally binding, enshrined mechanisms for equitable burden-sharing among states. One such mechanism is the Global Refugee Forum, which is to be held every four years. This article focuses on the first and second Global Refugee Forums and their outcomes, which took place in 2019 and 2023.Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the study was the following general scientific and special methods of cognition of legal phenomena and processes: historical and legal comparative method; method of system-structural analysis; formal logical method.Research Findings. The analysis revealed that the Global Compact on Refugees 2018 is the compromise that UN member states agreed to. It is not legally binding. One of the main problems that continue to the present day is the lack of mechanisms for equitable burden and responsibility sharing among states. The Global Compact enshrined mechanisms for predictable and equitable burden and responsibility sharing among all UN member states. One of these is the Global Refugee Forum.Discussion and Conclusion. In the study, the authors formulated the preconditions for the adoption and analyzed the content of the Global Compact on Refugees 2018, and substantiated the importance of the Compact at the current stage of international legal regulation of forced migration. It is established that this Compact does not completely eliminate the problem of unfair burden sharing. The authors analyze the activities of the first and second Global Forum on Refugees, concluding that the forum has its own mechanisms for summarizing results, analyzing achievements, and biannual meetings of high-level officials are envisaged. The authors conclude that such a mechanism could have a positive impact on improving international legal regulation of forced migration and providing international protection to forced migrants.

Spontaneous-stimulated Raman co-localization dual-modal analysis approach for efficient identification of tumor cells

The study of highly heterogeneous tumor cells, especially acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, usually relies on invasive analytical methods such as morphology, immunology, cytogenetics, and molecular biology classification, which are complex and time-consuming to perform. Mortality is high if patients are not diagnosed in a timely manner, so rapid label-free analysis of gene expression and metabolites within single-cell substructures is extremely important for clinical diagnosis and treatment. As a label-free and non-destructive vibrational detection technique, spontaneous Raman scattering provides molecular information across the full spectrum of the cell but lacks rapid imaging localization capabilities. In contrast, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) provides a high-speed, high-resolution imaging view that can offer real-time subcellular localization assistance for spontaneous Raman spectroscopic detection. In this paper, we combined multi-color SRS microscopy with spontaneous Raman to develop a co-localized Raman imaging and spectral detection system (CRIS) for high-speed chemical imaging and quantitative spectral analysis of subcellular structures. Combined with multivariate statistical analysis methods, CRIS efficiently differentiated AML from normal leukocytes with an accuracy of 98.1 % and revealed the differences in the composition of nuclei and cytoplasm of AML relative to normal leukocytes. Compared to conventional Raman spectroscopy blind sampling without imaging localization, CRIS increased the efficiency of single-cell detection by at least three times. In addition, using the same approach for further identification of AML subtypes M2 and M3, we demonstrated that intracytoplasmic differential expression of proteins is a marker for their rapid and accurate classifying. CRIS analysis methods are expected to pave the way for clinical translation of rapid tumor cell identification.

A simulation-based approach for resilience assessment of process system: A case of LNG terminal system

System resilience denotes the capacity to uphold desired system performance in the face of disruptions. Evaluating the resilience of a process system necessitates a thorough consideration of the intricate interplay between its components and the pivotal role of process parameters in reflecting the repercussions of disruptions on the system. This paper introduces an integrated methodology that takes into account component interactions and leverages process data for the resilience assessment of a process system. The proposed methodology comprises four key components: system structure analysis, disruption impacts analysis, process simulation, and resilience assessment. Firstly, the system structure is meticulously scrutinized using a P-graph model. This analysis encompasses the assessment of the significance and interplay of components, as well as the evaluation of how component failures affect the system's overall processes. Secondly, a Markov model is devised to examine the state transition process of components and quantifies the maintenance time needed for failed components. Subsequently, a simulation model is formulated to acquire real-time process parameters in the presence of disruptive events. Finally, the system's performance response function (PRF) is derived from the normalization of these process parameters. Building upon this foundation, a resilience assessment is conducted with a focus on the PRF. To illustrate the effectiveness of this methodology, an LNG terminal system is employed as an exemplar.

DESG У ПРОЦЕСІ ПРИЙНЯТТЯ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНИХ РІШЕНЬ

Introduction. Nowadays, there is a growing need to supplement the qualitative criteria of investment attractiveness, both on the part of businesses and investors. This has led to the actualization of ESG principles, which are becoming strategic national and international norms. In this context, European companies are required to submit non-financial reporting, which is becoming mandatory along with financial statements. Such trends facilitate global digitalization which is aimed at achieving sustainable development goals. The introduction of a new category - DESG (Digital, environmental, social and governmental) - reflects the need to combine digitalization and sustainable development principles to achieve synergy at all levels of society and business. Problem Statement. Assessment of the role of DESG in the investment decision-making process. The purpose is to substantiate the essential characteristics of each of the DESG components, to evaluate scenarios for integrating the digital component into the ESG principles system, to substantiate and develop recommendations for integrating DESG into the investment decision-making process, taking into account international experience in the investment process. Methods. General scientific and special methods were used, in particular: scientific abstraction and epistemological (content) analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, analogies and systematization, system-structural analysis, expert evaluation method, index method and grouping method. Results. The article examines the typology of DESG application in the investment decision-making process, considers a number of approaches to the definition and differentiation of key terms of sustainable finance. Rating agencies and methods for determining the practical characteristics of ESG are considered. An algorithm for applying DESG in the investment decision-making process is proposed. In the context of substantiating the stages of the algorithm, the essential characteristics of each of the DESG components are studied, trends in changing their priority on a global scale are analyzed. As an analytical basis for the study, the author analyzes the dynamics of changes in the number of asset owners acting in accordance with the PRI principles; the structure of asset owners acting in accordance with the PRI principles in 2022; and the industry structure of companies that provide information in accordance with the SABS criteria. Conclusions. Thus, in modern conditions, DESG is an important factor in making investment decisions. Therefore, our study allows us to draw a conclusion about the structural components of DESG and their role in the investment decision-making process. In the structure of the algorithm for applying DESG we propose to distinguish the following stages, namely: determining the structural components of DESG and their essential characteristics, the relationship between DESG components, justifying the direction of DESG application (scenarios for integrating digital components into the ESG system). The primary allocation of each component will allow to correctly determine the priorities when making an investment decision for each individual project. This will strengthen the targeted nature of investments, which will have a positive impact on the effectiveness of the investment process and the compliance of results with expectations.

Diagnosis of post-traumatic syndrome: functional-vegetative analysis of sensory systems

Background. The article analyzes the relationship between emotional states and the psycho-vegetative status of the respondents using functional-vegetative diagnosis, which is important for medical practice. The study was based on the use of functional-vegetative diagnosis, including the analysis of the parameters of the autonomic nervous system, cardiovascular reactivity and other indicators characterizing the psycho-vegetative status of the individual. The purpose: to justify the functional-vegetative diagnosis of sensory systems in the context of the organization of the psychological health of the individual. Materials and methods. The following theoretical methods were used: comparison of existing psychophysiological concepts, structural and genetic analysis of sensory systems, synthesis of theoretical and methodological approaches of the fields of psychophysiology, inductive-deductive approach to the study of the problem. Empirical methods include: measurements according to the functional-vegetative method of V. Makats on the comparison by quantitative signs of the dynamics of each participant in the experiment and comparison of the relative optimal coefficient of vegetative balance and integrated generalization of data in groups with the same initial level of vegetative balance and surveys to determine emotional psychological background on the Izard’s Differential Emotions Scale, according to the results of which an increase in positive emotions and preservation of a moderate level of positive dynamics due to the influence of a psycho-emotional stimulus was recorded. Conclusions. It is noted that the influence of the psycho-emotional factor is a rehabilitation aspect that has a normalizing effect on the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems and functional-vegetative homeostasis. The obtained results open perspectives for further research on diagnosis and correction of mental and physical health.

Numerical-vector succession for the graphic structural analysis of masonry historic buildings with arches and symmetrical systems

Many historic buildings have symmetry in their geometric configuration. The objective of this research is to denote the application of numerical-vector succession in the structural analysis of historical masonry buildings, with arches and symmetrical systems, including mathematical processes in ancient graphic analysis, emphasizing the importance of loads in the structural stability. We based the analysis on three fundamental stages: recognition of the construction system of the heritage object, geometric discretization of the system and vector analysis under different physical considerations. Hence, the thrust lines are affected by the loads, boundary conditions and history of structural behaviour. Numerical and computational tools offer faster and more accurate graphic analysis processes. Many historic buildings have symmetry in their geometric configuration. The objective of this research is to denote the application of numerical-vector succession in the structural analysis of historical masonry buildings, with arches and symmetrical systems, including mathematical processes in ancient graphic analysis, emphasizing the importance of loads in the structural stability. We based the analysis on three fundamental stages: recognition of the construction system of the heritage object, geometric discretization of the system and vector analysis under different physical considerations. Hence, the thrust lines are affected by the loads, boundary conditions and history of structural behaviour. Numerical and computational tools offer faster and more accurate graphic analysis processes.

International Legal Regulation of Activities of States in the Great Mediterranean Region

INTRODUCTION. In modern international and domestic maritime law, regional fragmentation of legal regulation is becoming more and more noticeable, which, in turn, objectifies and actualizes the formation of complex arrays of legal norms, united by the consistency of the political and legal positions of the contracting states that have national interests in the relevant water area, primarily-coastal states extending their state sovereignty to certain areas of maritime space. In this context, the Greater Mediterranean region should be considered as one of the most important in the world merchant shipping and naval support of international peace and security, as a basin that optimally connects the Atlantic and Indian Oceans from the point of view of logistics, which requires the formation of an appropriate scientific and methodological basis for full implementation of the fundamental principle of international cooperation in the maritime policy of the states of the region.MATERIALS AND METHODS. To substantiate the expediency of singling out the Greater Mediterranean as an independent object of legal regulation, general and special international legal treaties, the domestic legislation of the Mediterranean states, as well as political and legal documents indicating the existence of certain disputes and situations around certain zones of the Mediterranean water area, primarily – in the Eastern Mediterranean region. To obtain reliable and substantiated results of the study, methods of scientific knowledge were used: formal-legal, logical, historical-legal, system-structural analysis. Thus, the formal legal method made it possible to clarify the content and meaning of international legal treaties concluded at different times and aimed at regulating public relations in the maritime sphere. The logical method made it possible to substantiate the need for comprehensive international cooperation of the coastal states of the Greater Mediterranean. With the help of the historical and legal method, an overview was made of both the world, Soviet and Russian practice of applying the norms of domestic and international law on issues related to ensuring international law and order in the Greater Mediterranean region. The logical method made it possible to build the necessary connections and patterns of development of international legal regulation in the Greater Mediterranean region in the general context of ongoing universal and regional political and legal processes and transformations. Using the method of system-structural analysis, it was possible to display a holistic picture of law-making and law enforcement of the Mediterranean states, aimed at the formation of unified principles and norms for the exercise of the sovereign rights of coastal states.RESEARCH RESULTS. International maritime merchant shipping seems to be a very complex area of public relations with a large number of entities that have different legal status and, accordingly, are related to each other in a very different way.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. This work is devoted to the study of the main trends in the development of the Greater Mediterranean region in terms of formulating key international legal guidelines and rules of conduct for its constituent states. The object of the study is the legal relations carried out in the maritime spaces of the Greater Mediterranean as one of the key regions, which, along with its economic and political significance, is an integral zone for the implementation of the national interests of the Russian Federation, extending to the entire World Ocean.