Systematic Action Research Articles

Decoupling environmental impact from economic growth to achieve Sustainable Development Goals in China

Developing countries, such as China, have achieved unprecedented success in a single Sustainable Development Goal (SDG), which usually leads to trade-offs between the three pillars of sustainability, and even destroys sustainability. Quantifying the degrees of coupling among the pillars is essential to support policymakers' systematic actions to minimize trade-offs and maximize co-benefits between the pillars, and simultaneously achieve all SDGs. However, assessing the degrees of coupling among the pillars for the full SDGs is lacking. Here, we evaluate the progress of the pillars towards the SDGs and quantify the degrees of coupling among them at both national and sub-national levels in China from 2000 to 2015. The results indicate that the degrees of coupling among the pillars were almost constant while the degrees of coupling between the pillars and economic growth declined over time. The degrees of coupling between environmental impact and economic growth accounted for 52%–83% of the SDGs’ progress. Reducing the degrees of coupling helps achieve simultaneously economic growth and environmental protection. The higher the degrees of coupling, the lower progress. This trend was universal among all provinces (sub-national level) regardless of their development levels. Our study highlights not only the necessity to track the degrees of coupling among the pillars, but also decoupling environmental impact from economic growth to achieve the SDGs.

PENERAPAN MODEL PENGEMBANGAN KURIKULUM SYSTEMATIC ACTION RESEARCH DI PESANTREN TAHFIDZ MASKANUL HUFFADZ

ABSTACTThis study aims to see how the development of a systemic action research curriculum model that can be applied at the Tahfidz Maskanul Huffadz Islamic Boarding School looks like. The Tahfidz Islamic Boarding School as a religious education institution that focuses on the Koran, where there is no standard curriculum that must be applied, so it requires the application systematic action research curriculum development model, so that the curriculum applied is in accordance with the needs and desires. zThe zstudy zused za zqualitative zapproach zto zobtain zan zin-depth zdescription zof zthe zproblems zthat zoccurred zby zusing zdata zcollection zin zthe zform zof zobservations, zinterviews zand zdocumentation. zThe zresearch zwas zconducted zat zthe zTahfidz zMaskanul zHuffadz zIslamic zBoarding zSchool zlocated zin zPondok zAren zBintaro, zSouth zTangerang. zFrom zthe zresults zof zthis zstudy, zwe zcan zsee zthe zeffectiveness zof zthe zimplementation zof zthis zcurriculum zwhich zin zits zapplication zis zvery zdynamic zand zcan zbe zadapted zto zthe zneeds zof zthe zimplementation zof zIslamic zboarding zschool zeducation.

Blood lead levels and lead toxicity in children aged 1-5 years of Cinangka Village, Bogor Regency.

Lead is one of ten hazardous chemicals of public health concern and is used in more than 900 occupations, including the battery, smelting, and mining industries. Lead toxicity accounts for 1.5% (900,000) of deaths annually in the world. In Indonesia, reports of high Blood Lead Level (BLL) were associated with residency in Used Lead Acid Battery (ULAB) recycling sites. The present study aims to investigate the BLL and the evidence of lead toxicity of children living in an ULAB recycling site in Bogor Regency, Indonesia. A cross-sectional study involving 128 children aged 1-5 years was conducted in September-October 2019. The socio-economic factors, BLL, nutritional status, and hematological parameters, were evaluated. Data were analyzed by univariate and bivariate using the Chi-Square test. Socio-economic factors revealed only 2.3% children have pica and 10.9% children have hand-to-mouth habits. Majority of parents had low income, education, and have stayed in the village for years. Analysis on BLL revealed that 69.5% children had BLL of >10 μg/dL, 25% had abnormal BMI, 23.4% had underweight, 53.9% had stunting, 33.6% had anemia, and 22.6% had basophilic stippling. The average BLL and hemoglobin levels of respondents were 17.03 μg/dL and 11.48 g/dL, respectively. Bivariate analysis revealed that children with high BLL had double risk of having underweight and protected from stunting. Analysis on the association between BLL and BMI for age revealed a higher risk to have abnormal BMI. The high BLL also had 1.017 times risk of developing anemia, and almost doubled risk of having basophilic stippling, although they were not statistically significant. In conclusion, the high BLL of children living in the ULAB recycling indicates that lead exposure as well as lead toxicity are still occurring in Cinangka Village, and alerts to the need for a systematic action to mitigate the exposure.

Principles of functioning of the Pension Fund of Ukraine as a vector of its activity

Legislation provides that the activities of ministries and other central executive authorities are based on principles of the rule of law, ensuring compliance for human and citizen rights and freedoms, continuity, legality, ensuring the unity of public policy, openness and transparency, accountability. As a result, most researches focuses on the study and characterization of these principles of central executive authorities as a whole, than on the individual bodies as independent state institutions.
 In this case, the principles underlying on organization and functioning are becoming important for ensuring the effective function of any state authority, its subordination to the interests of society. It's about the basic ideas and requirements which define both its structure, distinctive features of management activities, and the order of relations with the recipients of services provided by this state authority.
 One of the fundamental bases of administrative and legal support of the Pension Fund of Ukraine is the principles of its activities. This is due to the fact that any state institution has its origins. It's about their formation and development, about what lies in the main. By using the concept of "principles" is possible to reveal the primary basis or the primary source of activity of the Pension Fund of Ukraine.
 This article is devoted to the study of the basic principles of the Pension Fund of Ukraine as a central executive authority in the field of pensions provision. At the same time, the growing number of lawsuits involving the Pension Fund of Ukraine indicates the need to highlight the characteristics of the principles of such authority.
 Therefore, the article provides a comparative analysis of the existing definitions of the concept of "principles", considers the essence and classification of the principles of the Pension Fund of Ukraine. Investigated the verification of principles in the field of law and public administration. Also, established the need for systematic action of the principles of functioning of the Pension Fund of Ukraine as a state institution that ensures the effective exercise of power.

Methodological developments and practice in characterisation of unconventional and legacy waste

Radioactive waste management requires planned and systematic actions to provide confidence that the entire system, processes and final products will satisfy given requirements for quality. The characterisation process is dependent on setting clear characterisation objectives and gathering the right information to underpin the decisions that need to be taken to manage the waste safely. This paper reviews experience of characterisation of waste generated from past nuclear activities that were not conducted in compliance consistent with current criteria, or from unexpected situations that were not planned for. This experience shows that the development of a reliable and efficient characterisation and categorisation methodology is a common challenge for such wastes, referred to here as unconventional and legacy (UL) waste. Through the activites of the Nuclear Energy Agency Expert Group on the Characterisation of Unconventional and Legacy Waste, consideration has been given to widely used waste stream characterisation procedures and methods that were originally developed primarily for application in conventional decommissioning work. Although they provide a substantial basis for characterisation, there are various additional factors that commonly need to be taken into account in the case of UL waste. By analysing the challenges and lessons learned from a variety of case studies and other international experience, it has been possible to identify opportunities for adaptations and enhancements to these characterisation methologies, and these are set out and explained. The need for integration of waste characterisation with other aspects of strategic planning for UL waste management is discussed, including characterisation to address any non-radiological hazards. The analysed case studies have also highlighted the importance of developing a robust legislative and regulatory framework in parallel with an appropriate waste infrastructure to treat, store and dispose of UL waste. Finally, the basic features of a UL waste characterisation roadmap are presented, including the interactions within a wider UL waste management programme and key areas for further consideration and possible development. It is anticipated such work can be supported by continued international cooperation.

Pembelajaran Berkarakteristik Inovatif Abad 21 Pada Materi K3LH dengan Model Pembelajaran Ceramah di Sekolah SMK Negeri 1 Dukuhturi

The use of clear strategies in learning can provide direction as the learning process progresses so that the learning objectives that have been set can be achieved optimally and also the learning process can take place effectively and efficiently. Learning strategies are not only useful for teachers but also for students. For teachers, learning strategies can be used as guidelines and references to systematic action in the implementation of learning. For students, the use of learning strategies can facilitate the learning process in learning content, because each learning strategy is designed to facilitate the learning process. In improving students' learning outcomes and learning experiences, teachers need to develop learning strategies tailored to the student's materials and conditions.

Pembelajaran Berkarakteristik Inovatif Abad 21 pada Materi K3lh dengan Model Pembelajaran Ceramah di Sekolah SMK Negeri 1 Dukuhturi

The use of clear strategies in learning can provide direction during the learning process so that the learning objectives that have been set can be achieved optimally and the learning process can take place effectively and efficiently. Learning strategies are not only useful for teachers but also for students. For teachers, learning strategies can be used as guidelines and references for systematic action in the implementation of learning. For students, the use of learning strategies can facilitate the learning process in understanding the content of learning, because each learning strategy is designed to facilitate the students' learning process. In improving learning outcomes and student learning experiences, teachers need to develop learning strategies that are tailored to the material and conditions of students.

Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals in the post-pandemic era

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to pose substantial challenges to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Exploring systematic SDG strategies is urgently needed to aid recovery from the pandemic and reinvigorate global SDG actions. Based on available data and comprehensive analysis of the literature, this paper highlights ongoing challenges facing the SDGs, identifies the effects of COVID-19 on SDG progress, and proposes a systematic framework for promoting the achievement of SDGs in the post-pandemic era. Progress towards attaining the SDGs was already lagging behind even before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Inequitable distribution of food–energy–water resources and environmental crises clearly threaten SDG implementation. Evidently, there are gaps between the vision for SDG realization and actual capacity that constrain national efforts. The turbulent geopolitical environment, spatial inequities, and trade-offs limit the effectiveness of SDG implementation. The global public health crisis and socio-economic downturn under COVID-19 have further impeded progress toward attaining the SDGs. Not only has the pandemic delayed SDG advancement in general, but it has also amplified spatial imbalances in achieving progress, undermined connectivity, and accentuated anti-globalization sentiment under lockdowns and geopolitical conflicts. Nevertheless, positive developments in technology and improvement in environmental conditions have also occurred. In reflecting on the overall situation globally, it is recommended that post-pandemic SDG actions adopt a “Classification–Coordination–Collaboration” framework. Classification facilitates both identification of the current development status and the urgency of SDG achievement aligned with national conditions. Coordination promotes domestic/international and inter-departmental synergy for short-term recovery as well as long-term development. Cooperation is key to strengthening economic exchanges, promoting technological innovation, and building a global culture of sustainable development that is essential if the endeavor of achieving the SDGs is to be successful. Systematic actions are urgently needed to get the SDG process back on track.

The System of Organization and Sport Management in Ukraine: Problems and Prospects

Sport in the modern life of society and the state - is a very special world with its social values and its own rules. Sport has long been a cultural phenomenon, a significant social and developed activity, an important means of preserving and developing European personal identity. The failure of the Olympic Team of Ukraine on the Games of the XXII Olympiad in Rio de Janeiro in 2016, non-fulfillment the planned indicators provided for by TheConcept of athletes training, indicates the existence of a crisis situation in Ukrainian sports and the need for systematic action to address these issues. State interests require the urgent use of effective measures to resolve not only purely sports but also socially significant problems of ensuring the development of sport in Ukraine, taking into account national traditions and current trends. Analysis of the changes taking place in the conditions of globalization of sport in the international olympic movement, as well as the study of trends in the development of the organization and management of sport in the world and the current state of sport in Ukraine, conditioned the choice of the topic of research. According to the strategy of the President and the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, aimed at implementing the Agreement on the Association of Ukraine with the European Union and reforming all sectors of the country's life in accordance with European standards, sport as an important social phenomenon penetrates all levels of modern society, exerting a wide influence on the main spheres of society's life. It is clear that in the field of physical education and sports of Ukraine there has long been a need for reform. The main goal of the sport reform in Ukraine is to create appropriate regulatory, socio-economic and organizational conditions that will promote not only the improvement of the organizational-management system of national sports to the standards of the leading countries of the world, the appropriate level of coverage of children by sports, but also will provide a mechanism for selection and training gifted individuals in order to achieve higher sport achievements.

ЗАПРОВАДЖЕННЯ БОЙОВОГО ДОСВІДУ В ОСВІТНІЙ ПРОЦЕС НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ АКАДЕМІЇ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ГВАРДІЇ УКРАЇНИ ПІД ЧАС ВИВЧЕННЯ ЗАГАЛЬНОВІЙСЬКОВИХ ДИСЦИПЛІН

It is well known that higher military educational institutions play a leading role in the military education system, because they train officers, who, in turn, are directly involved in the subordinate personnel combat training. Therefore, is the system of military education ready to promptly respond to the modern war demands, and timely improve the training programs of officer personnel, precisely in the process of training? The article searches for modern approaches to the study and rapid introduction of combat experience into the educational process of the National Academy of the National Guard of Ukraine during the study of combined military disciplines. After all, the study and rapid implementation of combat experience increases the tasks performance within the limits of the powers defined by the law, measures for the training of personnel, comprehensive support, development, application and command. The issue of studying and introducing combat experience into the educational process of National Academy of the National Guard of Ukraine in the study of combined military disciplines requires a certain systematization of this process. It is proposed to create a certain "foundation" for solving these tasks, which will enable the system of studying and introducing combat experience into the educational process of National Academy of the National Guard of Ukraine to function effectively during the study of combined military disciplines In the article, the process of learning and implementing experience should be understood as a set of successive systematic actions that are used to collect, analyze and summarize information about problematic issues, determine the main reasons for their occurrence and ways to solve them, as well as for the dissemination and implementation of experience during the training and assigned tasks performance. A system of studying and introducing the combat experience into the educational process of National Academy of the National Guard of Ukraine during the study of combined military disciplines is proposed, which will make it possible to optimize and speed up the tasks solution complex. It is noted that the issue of studying and introducing combat experience into the educational process of National Academy of the National Guard of Ukraine during the study of combined military disciplines should have the leading position in the training process of future officers. After all, it can be said with confidence that, in addition to training and motivation, combat experience plays a major role during hostilities, which enables a creative approach to the units appliance.

Pushing back against the mammy

This study focuses on two Black women professors processing their experiences teaching an online equity in education course, to in-service education professionals, in a masters program. Using Narratives of Experience, Critical Race Theory, and Critical Black Feminism as our theoretical frames, we push back against the pressure for us to perform as caricature mammies to our students. Examining the experiences of Black women educator counternarratives as a self-study, the themes that emerged were: historic (re)memory; preparation, competency, and motivations; aggressions; coping mechanisms; and awareness. As endeavors to make the academy more diverse, accessible, and equitable, are pursued, the higher education community must be able to ascertain the costs (to health, safety, and overall well-being) when asking or assigning social justice/equity courses, even if the content is well within the instructors professional purview. As online courses make education more accessible and convenient for both students and universities, attention should be paid to this unique learning environment for Black faculty which continues to be a space where invisibility and erasure remain unchecked. To push back against the mammy, there must be systematic action to incorporating all the nuance that Black womanhood embodies, especially in spaces where we have been positioned to identify or perform only as a caricature. To dismantle this insidious trope, future research must incorporate women scholars of color as principal investigators and research partners, prioritizing their voice to be incorporated in the telling of their stories.

Transnational crime: features and basic models

The study found that the features of modern transnational organized crime are: rapid adaptation to realities, instant response to changes and transformations in life and economy, the ability to improve and adjust the methods and tools used in activities; coordination; rationality; thoughtfulness and systematic actions; systematization; the desire to minimize potential risks and get the most profit and maximum profits. Such models of transnational organized crime as: corporate, trade unions, partnerships, ethnic, network are considered. Modern transnational criminal groups, regardless of model, have been shown to be “well-concealed, well-off criminal communities with a well-defined internal structure, distribution of spheres of influence and functions, and extensive interregional or international ties. It is emphasized that now transnational crime is turning into cybercrime. This is made possible by the fact that it is easier to hide criminal activity on the Internet, anonymity is ensured, and it is possible to act uncontrollably, which, in turn, guarantees security for criminal activity

FILM REJECT ANALYSIS AS A MEASURE OF QUALITY ASSURRANCE: A CASE STUDY OF SOME SELECTED HOSPITALS IN PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA

Film reject analysis is a planned and systematic action necessary to provide adequate confidence that a product or service will satisfy the given requirement for quality of image or radiographs. In this research work, reject film analysis as quality assurance element will be carried out in 3 selected hospitals in Plateau state, Nigeria for different rejected film sizes in each case respectively from December, 2018- December, 2019. Rejected radiographs were collected analyzed and categorized based on body parts such as chest, skull, knee, lumbar sacral, shoulder, neck, femur and pelvis. The reasons for rejection were categorized as: Over exposure, Under exposure, Poor processing, Poor positioning, Wrong placing of anatomical marker, Fog, Artifact and Multiple exposure. The three studied hospitals (selected by convenience), H1, H2, and H3 are located in Jos and environs. From this study, it was observed that the anatomical part mostly rejected was the chest and the highest reason for the rejected radiographs was Under exposure. The reject rates of Hospitals H1, H2, and H3 were found to be 8.85%, 6.65% and 5.6% respectively which were above the World Health Organization(WHO) but within the Conference of Radiation Control Program Directorate (CRCPD) recommended permissible values of 5% and (5-10%) respectively. The findings imply that patients may have been exposed to avoidable radiation doses

Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2: characteristics and implications for public health in Colombia

The SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant has become one of the greatest public health challenges worldwide since, after being first identified in India in December 2020, it has spread rapidly, affecting mainly countries with low vaccination rates and those that have relaxed the public health and social measures implemented to control the COVID-19 pandemic. The Delta variant has a higher replication capacity and is associated with viral loads up to 1 260 times higher than those of infections caused by the original strain, which may be associated with an increased likelihood of hospitalization, ICU admission, need for oxygen therapy, pneumonia, or even death. Fully vaccinated individuals have almost similar protection against both Delta and Alpha variants. Given the impact of Delta in countries where it is the dominant variant, it is necessary for all countries to develop systematic action plans focused on implementing strict public health and social measures in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and on increasing vaccination coverage. Bearing this in mind, the objective of this reflection paper is to describe the main characteristics of the Delta variant, its impact on the dynamics of the pandemic in some of the countries where it has been detected, the effectiveness of vaccines against this variant, and its implications for public health in Colombia.

Modern factors and classification of enterprise’s innovative risks

Introduction. Today enterprises have a problem in minimizing the risk to increase the efficiency of the result, which is actualized by the general specifics of innovative activity. It makes extremely necessary to study the risks that significantly affect the innovative activity. Despite all the study of problems in the field of innovative risk management, some of the issues remain insufficiently covered. In particular, it is about modern factors and the availability of well-developed classification of innovative risks, which creates an opportunity for effective using the appropriate risk management tools, because each type of risk has its own management system. The purpose of the paper is to highlight the factors that affect the innovative risks of the enterprise and to propose a system of these risks according to certain classification signs. Results. The concept of innovative risk of the enterprise is considered. The factors of emergence of necessity of innovative changes in activity of the enterprises and the factors influencing innovative risks are highlighted. The conditions for the formation of risks of innovative activity are indicated. Some modern approaches to the classification of innovative risks of the enterprise and the need for its development are shown. The system of innovative risks of the enterprise according to certain classification signs is offered. Conclusion. The presented classification set of innovative risks makes it possible to state that all the signs are either tied to the direction of innovative activity of the enterprise, or are temporary. However, they are not entirely focused on those factors, levers and sources that specifically lead to the emergence of innovative risk, that is, we are talking about the causal orientation of risk formation: risks are usually classified according to the results of manifestation in practice. For timely identification of risk and its localization, it is not always enough to know the time parameters and general characteristics – you need to take into account the specifics of the influence. Effective risk management requires a well-developed, modern classification of innovative risks, which allows for the effective use of appropriate risk management tools, because each type of risk has its own management system. The mechanism of this system, which includes the implementation of appropriate systematic actions, should be aimed at both preventing and responding to risk events.

Personalized medicine – challenge for healthcare system: a perspective paper

Abstract: Personalized Medicine is a challenge for healthcare systems in Central and Eastern Europe if they are to provide patients with personalized diagnosis and treatment. Personalized medicine (PM) is about tailoring a treatment as individualized as the disease. [1 Integrated care involves receiving care along a continuum of health promotion, disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment, disease-management, rehabilitation and palliative care services, coordinated across the different levels and sites of care within and beyond the health sector, and according to the needs of patients throughout the life course. [2] Personalized Medicine and Integrated Care are among the most important concepts related to the management and organization of healthcare systems. This article intends to identify challenges to the adoption of personalized medicine and stimulate fruitful dialogue and debate about the evaluation of barriers and facilitators within the implementation of personalized medicine interventions, identify the barriers and take systematic actions to remove as many of them as possible to create a future where PM is fully integrated into real-life settings.

Content and interpretation of the conceptual apparatus of risk management project

One of the important management processes is the identification and management of risks. The article considers the main causes of uncertainty and the occurrence of risk events. The attitude of the authors and standards is presented, the interpretations of the concepts of “risk management” and “risk management” are systematized. The main groups of interpretations of the concept of risk are highlighted, according to which different authors and standards share the concepts. Special attention is paid to the tasks that face the risk management process. A proprietary interpretation of the definition is proposed and justified, taking into account the peculiarities of the risk management process in terms of the stages of risk management, positive and negative consequences, systematic, consistent and cyclical actions in the risk management process in project activities.

Emergency control of cyber-physical systems in the technological environment

The task how to increase the industrial object crucial infrastructure reliability and safety is being studied formed with cyber-physical systems. To solve this task they represent a cyber-physical production as a complicated dynamic systems with tide and continuous conveyor cycles, which behavior is under control in the state parameters space. The cyber-physical systems actions of the inner technological environment factors and cyber-physical production external factors must be analyzed to study single and systematic actions of chaos creating character in equipment, which add some components to the control error. The emergency control is a directed cyber-physical action to maintain the cyber-physical production dynamic system in a non-variant state to the equipment failures and interferences. The control method and parameters are determined as a result of the assessment of the state of cyber-physical production performed in its phase space according to the predicted trajectories, probably indicating the dynamics of the technological environment and the risks of uncontrolled situations. The actual information of the cyber-physical production states includes the cyber-physical systems functionality modes data, which is proposed to be accumulated in a virtual environment to which the technological automatics of different hierarchy levels is connected to. The parametric states space dynamic system behavior trajectory forming principle is defined to make concrete separate cyber-physical systems and the cyber-physical production in general.

CHALLENGES FOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT DURING A PANDEMIC (FOLLOWING THE EXAMPLE OF SVISHTOV MUNICIPALITY, REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA)

Controlling the spread of COVID-19, in a complicating epidemic situation in towns and villages, proved to be a serious challenge for local governments as well. Taking into account the lack of established practice and anticipatory theory in pandemic situations, the present study substantiates the adequacy of measures taken and activities against the spread of COVID-19 in the municipality of Svishtov. With the help of theoretical and empirical research methods, good practices of local self-government are analyzed (through observation and monitoring) and synthesized, with limited resources (including financial, human, technological, information), for all citizens to create adequate living conditions during a pandemic. Among the key priorities are: healthcare, social activities, education, economy, safe environment, public order and security, fight against misinformation, institutional partnerships, donation initiative, communication and media policy, local restrictive measures. The paper presents systematic actions and initiatives on the territory of Svishtov municipality, in accordance with the stated national priorities, the Decision of the National Assembly of the Republic of Bulgaria to declare a "state of emergency", the Law on Measures and Actions during the state of emergency, the Decision of the Council of Ministers on declaring an “emergency epidemic situation”, the recommendations of the National Operational Headquarters for combating the coronavirus in Bulgaria, the orders of the Minister of Health, the instructions and prescriptions of specialized competent bodies and institutions. In view of the above and the introduced anti-epidemic measures, the consequences for the local economy are also analyzed. The insurmountable event of extraordinary nature caused a negative effect on individuals and legal entities located in the municipality of Svishtov. The actions taken by the Municipality of Svishtov in connection with the prepared package of economic measures to support local businesses and citizens of the Municipality of Svishtov and to reduce the negative consequences of the pandemic were assessed. The results of the study show that the broad areas of competence and involvement of the Municipal crisis management structure, municipal administration and specialized competent authorities are a prerequisite for adequate implementation of measures under these key priorities and the lack of serious complications in the epidemic situation in the municipality Svishtov. The implemented activities against the spread of COVID-19 on the territory of Svishtov municipality are in accordance with the applicable national and regional policy. The package of economic measures is an adequate tool to support local businesses and citizens of Svishtov municipality, and to reduce the negative consequences of the pandemic.

Contemporary Entrepreneurship: Change process - Leadership – Innovation

Change management is a key issue for the survival and realization of organizational objectives in today's business environment, which is changing in different ways. Change has become a necessary constant for companies that need to change in order to remain competitive in the market. The ability to manage this change is seen as a basic skill of successful enterprises in contemporary entrepreneurship. These changes are undoubtedly manifested both locally and internationally. Economic globalization as an integrator has caused these two levels to merge into one, causing the difference between them to fade. This integration has been very intense lately. Leadership as the process by which an individual influences a group to achieve a common goal. Process means systematic and continuous actions and ways by which the leader influences subordinates. It should be noted that leadership is not a linear process but an interactive process and requires adaptation and innovation. Entrepreneurship and innovation in developing countries but also in developed countries in the contemporary era is influencing in all aspects of business development. This research for Kosovo condition confirms the following results: that the change process is an integral and necessary part of day-to-day management in these enterprises, identifying leadership challenges in implementing the change process and adapting enterprises to the contemporary environment continues to be vital to performance profitability and competitiveness. Answering research questions requires testing the relationships between variables (type of change, process factors, and success of the change). Testing of these connections is enabled using quantitative methods. As a result, the use of questionnaires as a method for data collection in this paper enables: research and analysis of possible relationships between the variables taken in the study, and tends to 'open' issues that will be of interest to be explored in the future. These leadership activities, adapting the efforts to maximize the existing opportunities in the environment of strong competition and following the contemporary development trends in the enterprise have been researched during the processes of change in the enterprise are: creating a strong leadership team to lead the processes, develop a vision to assist and guide efforts to achieve strategic objectives, designing and communicating the strategy to achieve the planned results, providing training and career development for employees to understand, reduce resistance and motivate to achieve the mission and vision of the enterprise.