System State Data Research Articles

STATE OF THE ART IN SIMULATION-BASED OPTIMIZATION APPROACHES FOR VEHICLE ROUTING PROBLEMS ALONG MANUFACTURING SUPPLY CHAINS

Transport execution influences directly the operational performance of distributed production systems. In order to attain efficiency, many decisions have to be taken, such as, (i) the choice of best route which minimizes travelling distance, (ii) the definition of proper scheduling, which improves the displacement timing, and (iii) the selection of transportation mode. Transport routing and scheduling present stochastic characteristics which can be described as functions of probability. In the recent literature, it has been suggested that complex stochastic problems can be solved using simulation-based optimization approaches (SBO). SBO combines the power of optimization heuristics with the advantages of simulation models which can evaluate the effect of parameter changes even on very complex systems. Since it is capable of capturing the relationships and interactions among various entities and subsequently identifying a good design or solution, SBO might represent a powerful support to decision-making in complex and stochastic situations such as transport routing and scheduling in distributed production systems. Furthermore, transport systems are highly dynamic, which have to adapt permanently to a variety of oscillations such as unpredictable demand, urgent requests of high priority, or disturbances such as vehicle crashes. On the technological frontier, the availability of system state data is facilitated by the introduction of cyber-physical systems and industry 4.0 concepts and technologies. Thereof, a new approach that employs the newly available data, enabling real-time revision of transport routing and scheduling as operations take place, embodies a research opportunity with potential practical impact. This paper aims to report the state of the art regarding SBO approaches applied to vehicle routing and scheduling problems with pick-up and delivery (VRPPD). The paper substantiate the relevance of developing new approaches for vehicle routing and scheduling along distributed manufacturing supply chains, which embrace the new possibilities created by the widespread employment of cyber-physical systems.

Fast and Flexible Design of Optimal Metering Systems for Power Systems Monitoring

Metering systems planning in transmission networks can be modeled as an optimization problem in which the metering system cost is minimized, subjected to redundancy constraints that enable the state estimation function to observe system state and debug bad measurement data. However, the budget for investments in the metering system is commonly insufficient to achieve such a goal for the entire power system. On the other hand, there are areas of the power network considered more important for system operation than others. Consequently, a more qualified supervision of such areas is necessary to ensure adequate decision making regarding network operation and control. This work proposes a methodology flexible and easily adaptable to cope with limited investment budgets. An ant colony optimization algorithm (ACO-PCH) is employed to solve the optimal meter placement problem. A fast and cost-effective algorithm based on a decomposition strategy (ACO-PCH-DS) that takes into account the local nature of the state estimation problem is also proposed in order to improve computational efficiency of planning metering systems for large power networks. Tests with the IEEE bus systems and part of a real Brazilian system are carried out to validate the proposed methodology. If the stop criteria are the time limit (200 s), the ACO-PCH-DS reduces in 15% the cost of the measurement plan in IEEE 118-bus system, when compared to the ACO-PCH. For 300 min as a time limit, the ACO-PCH-DS do not provide a better cost only for reliability in the IEEE-300 bus system.

Medicaid Managed Care Structures and Care Coordination.

Child enrollment in Medicaid managed care (MMC) has expanded dramatically, primarily through state mandates. Care coordination is a key metric in MMC evaluation because it drives much of the proposed cost savings and may be associated with improved health outcomes and utilization. We evaluated the relationships between enrollment in 2 MMC structures, primary care case management (PCCM) and health maintenance organization (HMO) and access to and receipt of care coordination by children. Using data from the 2011/2012 National Survey of Children's Health and the Medicaid Statistical Information System state data mart, we conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of the relationships between fee-for-service, PCCM or HMO enrollment, and access to and receipt of care coordination. State-level univariate analyses and individual and state multilevel multivariable analyses evaluated correlations between MMC enrollment and care coordination, controlling for demographic characteristics and state financing levels. In univariate and multilevel multivariable analyses, the PCCM penetration rate was significantly associated with increased access to care coordination (adjusted odds ratio: 1.23, P = .034) and receipt of care coordination (adjusted odds ratio: 1.37, P = .02). The HMO penetration rate was significantly associated with lower access to care coordination (adjusted odds ratio: 0.85, P = .05) and receipt of care coordination (adjusted odds ratio: 0.71, P < .001). Fee-for-service served as the referent. State utilization of MMC varied widely. These data suggest that care coordination may be more effective in PCCM than HMO structures. States should consider care coordination outcomes when structuring their Medicaid programs.

Spatial Partition-Based Particle Filtering for Data Assimilation in Wildfire Spread Simulation

This article develops a spatial partition-based particle filtering framework to support data assimilation for large-scale wildfire spread simulation effectively. The developed spatial partition-based particle filtering framework breaks the system state and observation data into smaller spatial regions and then carries out localized particle filtering based on these spatial regions. Particle Filters (PFs) hold great promise to support data assimilation for spatial temporal simulations, such as wildfire spread simulation, to achieve more accurate simulation or prediction results. However, PFs face major challenges to work effectively for complex spatial temporal simulations due to the high-dimensional state space of the simulation models, which typically cover large areas and have a large number of spatially dependent state variables. The developed framework exploits the spatial locality property of system state and observation data and employs the divide-and-conquer principle to reduce state dimension and data complexity. This framework is especially developed for a discrete event cellular space model (the wildfire simulation model), which significantly differs from prior works that use numerical models specified by partial differential equations (PDEs) with continuous variables. Within this framework, a two-level automated spatial partitioning method is presented to provide automated and balanced spatial partitions with fewer boundary sensors. The developed framework is applied to a wildfire spread simulation and achieved improved results compared to using standard PF-based data assimilation methods.

To the question about the states of workability for automatic control systems with complicated structure

The article discusses the reliability of automated control systems. Analyzes the approach to the classification systems for health States. This approach can be as traditional binary approach, operating with the concept of "serviceability", and other variants of estimation of the system state. This article provides one such option, providing selective evaluation of components for the reliability of the entire system. Introduced description of various automatic control systems and their elements from the point of view of health and risk, mathematical method of determining the transition object from state to state, they differ from each other in the implementation of the objective function. Explores the interplay of elements in different States, the aggregate state of the elements connected in series or in parallel. Are the tables of various logic States and the principles of their calculation in series and parallel connection. Through simulation the proposed approach is illustrated by finding the probability of getting into the system state data in parallel and serially connected elements, with their different probabilities of moving from state to state. In general, the materials of article will be useful for analyzing of the reliability the automated control systems and engineering of the highly-reliable systems. Thus, this mechanism to determine the State of the system provides more detailed information about it and allows a selective approach to the reliability of the system as a whole. Detailed results when assessing the reliability of the automated control systems allows the engineer to make an informed decision when designing means of improving reliability.

Ensembles of dynamic systems in active wireless networks

Generalized wireless sensor network (active sensor networks) are considered as a multicomponent processor platform whereby the behavior of interacting dynamic systems is simulated. During the simulation process, each node of the sensor network is represented as a dynamic system. The equations of the system are solved using a specialized computing device (microcontroller) located in each network node. The interaction between dynamic systems is performed so that system state data are transmitted over radio channels between active network nodes. The simulation scheme is investigated by the example of an ensemble of coupled logistic maps. This ensemble is experimentally implemented in the network comprising PPS-43 direct chaotic transceivers equipped with actuator boards, which include microcontroller to iterate maps and a display unit to visualize information (colored light-emitting diode). The simulation technique is described, experimental results are presented, and their analysis is accomplished.

A MIP Model to Optimize Real Time Maintenance and Relocation Operations in One-way Carsharing Systems

The daily management of a one way carsharing system is focused on relocation and maintenance operations. On one hand, the freedom of allowing users to return vehicles wherever they want leads to vehicle imbalance problems and on the other hand, a system where the same vehicle is used by different persons, has the need for daily maintenance operations. Demand is a key element that influences both relocation and maintenance needs, and the system has to be prepared to adapt and react to it in an optimized way. This paper describes the optimization model integrated in a tool developed to manage relocation and maintenance operations of a one-way carsharing system in real time. The optimization model developed is a mixed integer linear programing model, instant-based and designed to work using a rolling horizon. The division of the operation time into planning horizons allow the updating of the system status data, which provides a closer connection to the system reality. The model considers that crew elements use mainly the vehicles of the system to move inside the operating area, and orders are remotely transmitted through a wireless communication platform to mobile devices. Three types of activities are attributed to crew elements: waiting, maintaining the vehicles and moving. The mathematical model discriminates each crew element and is able to decide the best schedule for each one. It has flexibility to select between crew trip joining or crew trip splitting, in order to reduce movement cost or relocate a higher number of vehicles. Simulation tests were performed to assess the computer processing time for different problem sizes.

Research on the 840D NC Machine Tool Production Process Monitoring and Management

According to the communication principle of 840D numerical control (NC) system and internal data structure, the PLC program is developed to make 840D system state data transmit to the PC with the MPI channels; production status data real-time monitoring system based on 840D NC machine tools is developed, meanwhile, the monitoring and data management for NC machine tool production process status is realized.

A Hazardous Chemical-Oriented Monitoring and Tracking System Based on Sensor Network

We present a monitoring and tracking system for storage and transportation of chemicals. In accord with the standards and regulations of transport vehicles for hazardous chemicals, an overall structure-function diagram for vehicle monitoring and a pre-warning system were proposed by integrating various technologies such as computer modeling, control theory, multisensor data fusion, communication science, space positioning, and safety management science. Transportation experiments performed on sea and land demonstrated that the monitoring and tracking system is feasible with high precision, in which an amount of system state data was collected by different kinds of sensors group. Once sensor-derived signals were detected, the signals would be fused and transmitted to the master monitor center via a high precision and large-scale wireless communication network. The designed tracking and localizing system displayed good monitoring ability and adequately satisfied technical requirements.

Secure Ubiquitous Sensor Network based on Elliptic Curve MenezesQu Vanstoneas Status Data Supply of EnvironmentinDisaster Management

Along with the many environmental changes, it enables a disaster either natural or man-made objects. One of the efforts made to prevent disasters from happening is to make a system that is able to provide information about the status of the environment that is around. Many developments in the sensor system makes it possible to load a system that will supply real-time on the status of environmental conditions with a good security system. This study created a supply system status data of environmental conditions, especially on bridges by using Ubiquitous Sensor Network. Sensor used to detect vibrations are using an accelerometer. Supply of data between sensors and servers using ZigBee communication protocol wherein the data communication will be done using the Elliptic Curve Integrated security mechanisms Encryption Scheme and on the use of Elliptic Curve key aggrement Menezes-Qu-Vanstone. Test results show the limitation of distance for communication is as far as 55 meters, with the computation time for encryption and decryption with 97 and 42 seconds extra time for key exchange is done at the beginning of communication .Keywords: Ubiquitous Sensor Network, Accelerometer, ZigBee,Elliptic Curve Menezes-Qu-Vanstone

Stabilization for nonlinear systems via a limited capacity communication channel with data packet dropout

This paper addresses the stabilization problem for a class of nonlinear systems. It is assumed that the controller can only receive the transmitted sequence of finite coded signals via a limited digital communication channel. Both state and output feedback coder-decoder-controller procedures are proposed. Stabilization conditions involving the size of coding alphabet, the sampling period, system state growth rate and data packet dropout rate are obtained. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the design procedures and effectiveness of the proposed results.

Tracking Workload in the Emergency Department

The primary objective of this study was to create a methodology for measuring transient levels of physician workload in a live emergency department (ED) environment. Characterizing, defining, and measuring aspects of this interrupt-driven work environment represent the preliminary steps in addressing impending issues concerning ED overcrowding, efficiency, and patient and provider safety. A time-motion task analysis was conducted. Twenty emergency medicine (EM) physicians were observed for 180-min intervals in an ED of an academic medical center. Near continuous workload measures were developed and used to track changing workload levels in time. These measures were taken from subjective, objective, and physiological perspectives. The NASA-Task Load Index was administered to each physician after observational sessions to measure subjective workload. Physiological measurements were taken throughout the duration of the observation to measure stress response. Additional information concerning physicians' patient quantity and patient complexity was extracted from the ED information system. Graphical workload profiles were created by combining observational and subjective data with system state data. Methodologies behind the creation of workload profiles are discussed, the workload profiles are compared, and quantitative and qualitative analyses are conducted. Using human factors methods to measure workload in a setting such as the ED proves to be challenging but has relevant application in improving the efficiency and safety of EM. Techniques implemented in this research are applicable in managing ED staff and real-time monitoring of physician workload.

Takeoff performance monitoring system display options

This article summarizes the development of head-up and head-down cockpit displays for an airplane takeoff performance monitoring system (TOPMS). Basic TOPMS displays provide pilots with real-time graphic information concerning their airplane's current and projected runway performance. The displays also indicate the status of associated airplane systems (e.g., flaps, engines) and optionally, they provide advice and a continually updated prediction of where the airplane can be braked to a stop. The displays have been developed and evaluated on the NASA Transport System Research Vehicle (TSRV) B-737 simulator by more than 40 government, airline, and industry pilots who rated the displays favorably and judged them easy to monitor. The TOPMS has also been flight tested successfully on the TSRV B-737. Based on these evaluations and on discussions with the commercial aircraft community, the displays have evolved to a baseline final configuration containing basic performance and system-status data to which GO/NO-GO advisory and predicted stop point information can be added as options.

Assessment of Graphics and Text Formats for System Status Displays

This study compared the relative effectiveness of three computer-based formats for displaying Navy system status data. Response speed and accuracy data were collected for each format on four tasks typically performed in a shipboard Combat Information Center (CIC). The three presentation formats were character readout (CRO), text-only, and text-graphics. Results showed the text-only and text-graphics formats produced faster, more accurate performance than the CRO on count and compare tasks; however, no reliable performance differences were found between presentation formats for identify and criterion tasks. Predictions concerning an advantage for the text-graphics format over the text-only format on certain types of tasks were not supported by the study findings. The practical applications and design implications of these findings are discussed.

PI architecture functionally distributed system for power network supervisory control

In recent years, the sizes of Energy Management Systems (EMS) and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems have grown to huge proportions for two reasons: The power systems to which they are applied have grown in size and complexity; and Their own functions have become more diverse and sophisticated. This raises the following problems: degradation of response time; decreased reliability; limited expandability; less maintainability; and increased costs. A functionally distributed system that is characterized by parallel processing and independent subsystems (parallel-independent architecture) will solve these problems. The system is comprised of a group of functional units, each of which runs in parallel, independently and asynchronously. Copies of some programs and power system status data are stored in the relevant functional units, and data-driven architecture is adopted, which eliminates the need for a centralized control mechanism. The feasibility of a functionally distributed system was tested through construction of a prototype. The results were satisfactory.

The Effect of Display Format and Classification Strategy on a Diagnostic Decision Task

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of system state uncertainty and data reliability on a diagnostic decision task when system data was presented in three different display formats (Digital, Bargraph and Configural). Properties of an actual process control system were simulated in the experiment by varying both system state uncertainty and data reliability. Classification strategy emerged as a major determinant of classification performance across display conditions.

The management of operating system state data

A new approach is proposed for the management of operating system state data. Relational database concepts are suggested for the analysis and organization of this data, and a common central service routine is described whichcould manage all shared state data. This central routine is based on the techniques currently employed by database management systems.