System Of Social Institutions Research Articles

Формування інституційного забезпечення гендерної рівності в оплаті праці в Україні

Further socialization of the labor market of Ukraine requires the intensification of social and labor inclusion, which reflects the process of increasing the participation of women in socially useful activities by creating conditions for the realization of their labor potential, including by ensuring equal pay for work of equal value, which determined the purpose of this publication: the formation of proposals for institutional support for equal pay for work in Ukraine based on the analysis of the gender pay gap and taking into account the progressive foreign experience of institutional support for gender equality in wages. The methodological basis are the fundamental provisions of modern economic theory in the context of finding a model for ensuring gender equality in the labor market, the institutional provision of equal pay for work of equal value; scientific achievements of foreign and domestic scientists in the direction of effective use of women’s labor potential, ensuring decent work for all. To achieve this goal, the following general and specific methods are used: the method of theoretical generalization, logical analysis in the process of studying the gender gap; systemic method to determine the approach to ensuring gender equality in remuneration with the improvement of gender policy in Ukraine; comparative analysis, synthesis and generalization, in terms of research of methodological approaches to labor evaluation from the standpoint of gender equality; methods of statistical analysis to assess the gender gap, including in wages. As a result, the institutional provision of gender equality in remuneration in Ukraine, which meets the norms of the ILO Convention No. 100 “On Equal Remuneration for Men and Women Workers for Work of Equal Value,” is further developed, with an analysis of methodological approaches to discrimination in remuneration and justification for regulatory improvement of provision of gender equality in remuneration. The study identifies Ukraine’s weak position, which increases the number of years to bridge the gender gap, which creates a number of negative consequences for Ukraine’s economy, including loss of GDP, reduced levels of savings and purchasing power. Implementation of the principles of the ILO Convention No. 100 “On Equal Remuneration for Men and Women Workers for Work of Equal Value” in Ukraine leads to the improvement of legal framework and the formation of a comprehensive system of social institutions to reduce the gender pay gap. Based on the study of foreign experience, approaches and methods of labor evaluation from the standpoint of gender equality that can be applied in Ukraine are presented. Recommendations are given for the formation of institutional support for gender equality in pay in Ukraine, which include the detection of discrimination in pay based on the introduction of forms of reporting, inspections, appeals of employees; determination of methodology and methods of assessment of equal pay for work of equal value; creation of special authorities, institutes that will deal with this issue, or expansion of the functions of existing ones; determination of the system of sanctions for employers who violate the legislation of Ukraine in terms of equal pay; coordination of regulatory and legal support regarding the definition of the categorical apparatus and the mechanism of observance of the principle of equal remuneration for work of equal value; conducting an information campaign on the protection of the rights to equal pay for work of equal value, etc.

LOCAL WISDOM OF THE SOCIETY OF PACITAN REGENCY, EAST JAVA IN PRESERVING THE ENVIRONMENT CONSERVATION

Environmental damage caused by exceeding the carrying capacity of the environment was increasingly massive and became the biggest challenge in the 21 st century. This study aimed to understand the local wisdom of the society of Pacitan Regency to the environmental conservation. This research applied qualitative approach through physical, social observation, and in-depth interviews, then exploratory descriptive analysis was used to answer the research questions. The people of Pacitan faced severe life pressures due to the dry and arid natural conditions. These pressures encouraged the people various activities that growth and developed into the local wisdom values. There were 14 activities containing the values of local wisdom in managing the environment for the sustainability and fairness of life across generations. The wise environmental management was carried out from generation to generation and passed down through a system of social institutions. The efforts to preserve the local wisdom was used to face the increasingly challenges due to the development era and modernity. The values of local wisdom were firmly held by the community, especially those who live around forest areas. It has become a part of their lives and formed an ins eparable socio-ecological system, and forming a pattern of interdependence and mutual benefit. To preserve the local wisdom which played an important role in preserving the environment and encouraged the realization of sustainable development , people participation through non-formal education in daily social interactions was needed.

A SOCIOLOGICAL READING OF THE LEGAL ‎SYSTM OF SOCIAL WELFARE INSTITUTIONS‎

This research derives its importance from the scientific framework that Is rich in theoretical ‎approaches in the field of sociology, management systems and governance,and then from ‎the field framework related to the reality of managing social welfare institutions in Morocco, its ‎developments in legal and financial aspects and the current repercussions on the level of ‎social welfare. it also aims to raise the level of social welfare for the beneficiary groups, by ‎evaluations the efforts made in managing these institutions based on an exact scientific ‎approach, method and tools. As a result, we will try to answer in this scientific study, the ‎answer to the following problematic question. «To what extent is the sociological approach ‎adopted in the current legal system of social welfare institutions in Morocco and what is ‎impact on the profitability of these institutions»‎ It is efforts that Is divided into two parts, the first is theoretical and the second is ‎methodological and field, in which we focus on the sociological study of the current reality of ‎the legal and financial system for the management, and evaluations of social welfare ‎institutions in Morocco and the reflection of this evaluations on the profitability of these ‎institutions, especially for the elderly and the time allotted for completion‎‎‎. Keywords: Socıologıcal Reading, Socıal Welfare Instıtutıons‎, Management Systems.

Teachers’ Perception about English as a Medium of Instructions: Evidence from the Government Higher Secondary Schools of Sindh, Pakistan

This case study inquires the perceptions and experiences of teachers about the English as a medium of instructions at government higher secondary schools of Warah city of Sindh, Pakistan. It witnesses that a large chunk of the population is diversified to use their provincial or regional languages as destined by socio-political heritage. Because English was remained a paramount part of educational context in Pakistan during British rule. In Sindh, students learn English from their teachers at their schools, who by no means really acquire the required proficiency in the English language. The research design undertaken was qualitative in nature and revolved around the semi structured interviews. English as a medium of instruction has a daunting and remarkable role to set to be set up across the globe. The mother tongue has the supreme role to play in the organized system of social institutions, which has massive resources of linguistics pouring down to the common people in the forms of superb streams of dialects with definite code of syntax, semantics and pragmatism. The extra reading materials with the support of technology, the English lessons can play a pivotal role to give internalization and adaptation of English language as a medium of instruction.

Towards the Nature of Geography for geography education: an exploratory account, learning from work on the Nature of Science

ABSTRACT This paper offers an exploratory account of the Nature of Geography (NOG) for geography education. The proposed NOG framework describes geography through the theoretical offerings of the family resemblance approach across the dimensions of: aims and values; knowledge; methods and methodological rules; practices; and geography as a social-institutional system. In science education, the recontextualized family resemblance approach has stimulated fruitful contributions to research, including its applications as an analytical methodological tool for curriculum research and development, and to inform teacher education. Rather than seeking to describe the essence of geography through an illusive shared epistemological object of study, the family resemblance approach offers a framework shown to be robust in science education with space for multiple foci and flexibility to hold unresolved questions in tension. Our argument is that integration of the NOG framework into geography education would introduce students to a more holistic understanding of the different ways in which aims and values, knowledge, methods, practices, and social-institutional dimensions interact in the construction and constitution of geography. We suggest possibilities for NOG across teaching resources, curriculum research, and teacher education.

Concept and types of order position: Privilege and discrimination in an institutional conception

AbstractIn this paper, I reinterpret the classic concept of order position, as well as privilege and discrimination in the concept and types of order position. In the first part of the paper, I give a short survey of the classic conception of order position, with special regard to Max Weber's concept of social status or order position. In the second part, I define the concept of order position in my conception. Accordingly, order position is the real institutional position of the given individual (or group) as compared to the institutional position that can be occupied by the given individual (or group) in the general social institutional norm system assumed on the basis of the expressed values, especially the deviation between the two positions as related to the interests of the subject. In the third part, I typify order positions from the aspect of whether the institutional norm system that is valid or realized in reality deviates or does not deviate from the assumed general norm system, and if it does, whether it deviates in a direction corresponding or contrary to the interests of the individuals. In this way, I make a distinction between privileged, normativized and degraded order positions.

Group communications in the system of social institutions

The paper highlights the socio-psychological dimensions of group identity and other integration phenomena in the context of social institutions. The concept of group communication is studied, the theoretical aspects of the functioning of group communication in the system of social communications are revealed, the structure, functions, types and forms of organization of group communications are analyzed.

“New Historicism” and Rudolf Ankersmit’s Postmodernist Historical Concept

This paper reflects on the modern historiographical situation of perceiving comprehensive historical theories as an obstacle to highly specialized research. On the philosophical level, priority has been given to structuralism and language philosophy, thereby resulting in almost unlimited supremacy of the hermeneutic approach in culture, i.e., in the prevalence of textocentrism. The Dutch philosopher Rudolf Frank Ankersmit argues that postmodernism is both a theory of history and a “theory for history.” According to him, historicism is a theory of “historical forms”. Thus, the morphology of culture is directly related to historicism. The transformation of historical forms occurs in conditions when the distinction between the text and reality (represented in the text) is erased, and the reality becomes “superfluous” in the context of the overproduction of meanings and interpretations. Therefore, representation ousts the reality. The New Historicism movement emerged in the United States during the second half of the 1980s as a response of literary criticism to the “challenges” of cultural materialism, feminism, or social history. The historical context is considered by the representatives of the New Historiography project as a system of culture, i.e., social institutions and practices (including political ones) are interpreted as functions of this system, and not vice versa.

ANALYSIS OF FUNCTIONING OF SOCIAL POLICY INSTITUTIONS IN UKRAINE

Abstract. The article investigates the essence and analyzes the problems of functioning of social policy institutions of the state. It is established that social policy institutions are an important element of a socially oriented state and allow to support at a high standard of living of its citizens. The term «social institute» denotes a diverse range of phenomena and processes in society. The totality of all available social institutions characterizes the way public life is organized as a whole. The emergence of social institutions is the result of the needs of social practice. Based on the analysis of the relevant legal framework, the periodization of the development of social policy institutions in Ukraine was carried out. The results of the analysis made it possible to conclude that a complex system of social institutions has been formed in our country, providing support for the individual in many spheres. But despite their existence in Ukraine, quality and efficiency issues remain. The analysis of the financial support of social institutions in some countries of the world and in Ukraine by the results of 2018 showed that this area is extremely underfunded in Ukraine in comparison with other countries of the world. An in-depth review of the problems of functioning of social policy institutions was conducted on the basis of the analysis of social institutions in the sphere of material remuneration of workers in the labor market, as well as the social security of pensioners. It is concluded that the pace of improvement of social standards in Ukraine does not meet the conditions and requirements of today, when for the period from 2014 to 2019 the cost of living has increased more than 3 times without a corresponding increase in funding of social policy institutions. Thus, recent events in Ukraine have adversely affected the level of financial support for the functioning of social policy institutions of Ukraine. Further scientific exploration should be undertaken to find ways of developing social policy institutions in Ukraine and to increase their effectiveness by building on the best practices of developed countries. Keywords: social policy, social institute, minimum wage, pension, social standards, social expenditures. Formulas: 0; fig.: 2; tabl.: 3; bibl.: 11.

Theoretical foundations of the improvement of public service in the Republic of Kazakhstan

The article discusses the theoretical foundations of an effective organization of public service, which is a system of modern knowledge about the formation and development of
 public service as a social phenomenon, its types, mission, principles, functions and models. A
 number of ideas that are appropriate to use in the process of reforming and further improving
 the country's public service are analyzed. An extended concept of public service is proposed
 as a system of social institutions: legal, social, organizational, political, economic and moral.
 Improvement of professional managerial activities is aimed at ensuring that public servants
 combine knowledge, skills and abilities in a specific professional area (economist, lawyer,
 engineer, etc.) with knowledge, skills and abilities of public administration. It is noted that further development of the theoretical foundations of public service requires using the achievements of all management-related sciences and their theoretical conceptualization. The basis
 of practical recommendations for improving public service in the Republic of Kazakhstan is an
 analysis of positive international experience concerning transition from traditional forms of
 public administration to “the new public administration” involving the delegation of some of its
 functions to market structures and a focus on key strategic issues. The development of a service approach to the provision of public services, an increase in efficiency, flexibility, and transparency of public administration and a closer connection with citizens who use public
 services are recommended. Practical implementation of “the new public administration” in our
 country is proposed to be implemented through the introduction of such models as “marketbased”, “participating”, “flexible” and “deregulated”. One of the fundamental principles for the
 development of Kazakhstan's public service should be meritocracy.

Fifth-grade students’ understanding of social-institutional aspects of science

ABSTRACT This study is based on the Reconceptualised Family Resemblance Approach to Nature of Science (Kaya & Erduran, 2016), which explains science as a cognitive, epistemic, and social-institutional system. A content analysis of Turkish science curricula shows that the social context of science is underemphasised (Kaya & Erduran, 2016 ). Therefore, this study investigated the impact of teaching science as a social-institutional system on fifth-grade students’ understanding of the social dimension of science. Using a quasi-experimental research design, Social-Institutional Questionnaire (SIQ) was administered to both the experimental group (n=19) and control group (n = 23) as a pre-and post-test. Throughout the intervention, the experimental group was exposed to science lessons enriched with social-institutional aspects of science; the control group was taught with traditionally-designed science lessons on a unit ‘The Earth, Sun and Moon’. The results of ANCOVA showed a statistically significant difference between the groups in favour of the experimental group. Interviews and worksheets were used to support the findings. It was found that integrating social-institutional aspects of science into science lessons enhanced students’ understanding of the social-institutional aspects of science. This study contributes to the literature on NOS in science education and provides science teachers a resource for teaching social-institutional aspects of science.

Exploring the Inclusion of Nature of Science in Biology Curriculum and High-Stakes Assessments in Hong Kong

Nature of science (NOS) has become one of the major emphases in curriculum and assessment. This study explores what NOS is included and how this is achieved in the Hong Kong biology curriculum and 7-year high-stakes assessments. While conceptualizations of the official definition of NOS differ, this study employs the family resemblance approach (FRA) to analyze the inclusion of NOS in the curriculum and the high-stakes assessments. In one characterisation of FRA (i.e. Erduran and Dagher 2014), NOS comprises a cognitive-epistemic system and a social-institutional system. There is a total of 11 categories in these two systems and these categories are interconnected with one another. By adopting the epistemic network analysis (ENA), the frequency of connections among these NOS categories in the curriculum and the high-stakes assessments can be visualized and compared. Two main similarities are observed when comparing the epistemic networks of the curriculum and the high-stakes assessments: (1) a greater emphasis on the cognitive-epistemic rather than the social-institutional system and (2) the rarity of connections between categories in the social-institutional system. However, the high-stakes assessments differ from the curriculum in that they have more connections between the cognitive-epistemic system and the social-institutional system. Moreover, assessment items in the Hong Kong biology examinations involve a limited range of contexts and skills. Implications for the design of curricula and high-stakes assessments will be discussed.

How Do University Students Perceive the Nature of Science?

The paper presents an empirical study on university students’ perceptions of nature of science (NOS). NOS is framed in terms of the cognitive, epistemic, and social-institutional systems of science based on the Family Resemblance Approach (FRA) (Erduran and Dagher 2014; Irzik and Nola 2014; Irzik and Nola, SCED 20:591–607, 2011). FRA includes the following categories: aims and values of science, scientific practices, scientific methods, scientific knowledge, and social-institutional aspects of science. A study was conducted with 15 university students from science and non-science majors at a public university in Turkey. Individual interviews were conducted, and qualitative data analysis was carried out. The educational adaptation of FRA was previously referred to as RFN (or the Reconceptualised FRA to NOS) (Kaya and Erduran, SCED, 25(9–10):1115–1133, 2016). In this study, categories of RFN were identified in students’ responses. The results show that non-science majors (e.g., philosophy, sociology) have an enhanced perception of NOS in comparison to science majors (e.g., physics, computer engineering). It is also observed that university students were not explicitly aware of different aspects of NOS and their perceptions do not represent a holistic account. The study suggests that RFN can be used as a framework to explore university students’ perceptions of NOS and their perceptions of NOS are linked to their domain-specific educational background.

The Transformation of the Soviet Agriculture

The Soviet past is crucial in understanding the processes of transformation of the Lithuanian kolkhoz system into the farming practices of free-market economy. The violent and forced incorporation of the nation-states into the Soviet Union radically transformed societies. In our analysis of kolkhoz system and its transformations, we use two different concepts – Soviet modernity and modernity of the Soviet period. These concepts let us to approach the agricultural project of the Soviet collective farming as an alternative system of social institutions for implementation of industrial farming of modern society. The concept of entangled modernity refers to interaction of two trends of modernization and defines the kolkhoz as a hybrid or a result of intertwining of two models of modernity – the universal and the Soviet one. By applying the concept of entangled modernity and hybrids to the interpretation of the kolkhoz’s post-Soviet transformation, the article explores the experiences of social actors and the inevitable human and material losses of the hybrid’s transformation. In our theoretical interpretation, we use data from interviews with former agents of the kolkhoz system and legislative documents.

When Modern Physics Meets Nature of Science

The social reaction to the recent detection of the Higgs boson and gravitational waves provided evidence that public interest in modern physics has reached a high point. Although these modern physics topics are being introduced into the upper secondary physics curricula in a growing number of countries, their potential for teaching various aspects of scientific practice have yet to be explored. This article responds to this call by providing an analysis of new South Korean high school physics textbooks’ representations of nature of science (NOS), particularly as reflected in their general relativity theory section. Chapters from textbooks by five publishers are analyzed through the lens of the expanded family resemblance conceptualization of NOS. The results indicate that textbooks’ references to NOS are concentrated on aspects related to scientific knowledge, scientific practice, scientific methods, and professional activities of scientists, whereas the characteristics of science as a social-institutional system are underrepresented. In addition to this generic description, we also present a closer examination of how physics textbooks portray the story of the LIGO-Virgo Collaboration’s (LVC) gravitational-wave detection in 2015, and discuss implications for how the affordances of contemporary scientific domains such as general relativity and gravitational-wave physics for NOS instruction should be substantiated and supported by textbooks.

Investigating Coherence About Nature of Science in Science Curriculum Documents

The article focuses on the analysis of curriculum documents from Taiwan to investigate how benchmarks for learning nature of science (NOS) are positioned in different versions of the science curricula. Following a review of different approaches to the conceptualization of NOS and the role of NOS in promoting scientific literacy, an empirical study is reported to illustrate how the science curriculum documents represent different aspects of NOS. The article uses the family resemblance approach (FRA) as the account of NOS and adapts it for analysis of the curriculum documents. The FRA defines NOS as cognitive-epistemic and social-institutional systems that serve as constructs of knowledge categories with a high level of interconnectedness. The FRA was used as an analytical tool for investigating two sets of Taiwanese curriculum guidelines published 10 years apart, providing an opportunity to discuss how NOS is addressed in the curriculum reforms. The findings show a shift away from the excessive centralization of the cognitive-epistemic system to a consideration of the social-institutional system. Modifications to the benchmarks are proposed in order to achieve a more holistic and progressive approach to NOS. The article contributes to studies on NOS in science education by illustrating how the FRA can act as a tool for exploring interconnectedness of NOS ideas in the curriculum.

EVOLUTION OF SOCIAL COMMUNICATION: DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW CULTURAL REALITY

Purpose of the article: In the article, the development of social communication as the formation of a new cultural reality is analyzed. The methodology of the research is based on the application of general scientific and special methods of comprehension, in particular, analysis, synthesis, logical method, systemic method. The indicated methodological approach allows to reveal and analyze the informatization processes of modern cultural space, direct the society to new possibilities of circulation of information, cause a new way of life of a person and put forward new requirements to it. The scientific novelty of the work is to systematize typological features of the information society (techno-technical, socio-economic, political, intellectual, etc.) and to comprehend the new cultural reality, designated by situational in the implementation of institutional programs. Conclusions. The new cultural reality is characterized by the fact that society begins to acquire such features as the situational in the implementation of institutional programs and the cultural diversity of institutional norms in their orientation towards a symbolic representation of reality. Modern culture, on the one hand, promotes the development of a person by removing existing institutional constraints; on the other hand, it changes the thesaurus, by eroding the awareness of sociocultural reality as a historically established system of social institutions supported by national traditions, rules and a system of values and norms.

ПОДДЕРЖКА ПРИНЯТИЯ РЕШЕНИЙ ПРИ УПРАВЛЕНИИ ПРОЦЕССОМ РЕОРГАНИЗАЦИИ СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ ИНСТИТУТОВ РЕСПУБЛИКИ БАНГЛАДЕШ

The paper deals with the problem of managing the process of reorganizing the social institutions in the People’s Republic of Bangladesh and with possible solutions through the use of decision support methods. This problem arose as a result of the implementation of social programs aimed at increasing the social institution effectiveness on the basis of autonomy of social institutions from the state subsidies. To formalize the system of social institutions, a graph representation is proposed. The project of the theoretical foundations of decision support in managing the reorganization of social institutions is presented by the method that uses the comparison of alternatives. The control actions are formed decisions taken on changing the current structure of social institutions aimed at maximizing the utility function value. Using the method of managerial choice on the modification of available network at the cost of adding the new social institution has been demonstrated by the example of the a managerial decision problem including a new social institution “hospital”. There have been singled out the groups of criteria which are used to estimate the alternatives. To increase the quality of decision making there has been applied a second assessment of generalized criteria, analyzed the nature of hierarchical structure of the network and a geographic situation of the new node.

Document, Archive, Memory in the Context of George Orwell’s Literary Heritage

The article is devoted to the current topic of modern archival science – preserving the documentary heritage of mankind through information “cumulative” systems, in particular documents and archives. Particular attention is given to the role of the state, the individual, and the society in constituting memory. There are two types of memory: individual and collective, that is, culture. Memory, document, archive – concepts, and categories are polysemantic. Integral, broad-based importance belongs to culture (collective memory), which is seen as the interaction of the contemporary with the past in multifaceted socio-cultural manifestations. Collective memory, like individual memory, has its own traits of identification, serving as traces of the past. Memory is maintained through various forms of social existence (book, document, museum exhibit, antique item, etc.) and institutional cultural systems (museum, archive, library, etc.). The metadiscourse of the study was George Orwell’s “1984” novel Utopia, which uncovers the path of a free-spirited person with a distorted worldview to attempt to protect the memory space in the name of memory of the past and preserve it. The most important condition for an adequate examination of the social significance of documents in order to keep them permanently is to determine the degree of documentation of the reality of social relations, as well as the degree of representation and possible reconstruction, in addition to public memory focused on the life of an individual, and the memory of emotional. The author’s narrative in the form of diaries, memoirs, and letters allows revealing individual impressions of time, each specific epoch in the history of mankind. Everyday life forms an attitude towards documentary heritage at the domestic level, and the sphere of professional activity is an awareness of responsibility for the creation of history in the future on the basis of preserved data on a national, global scale. The influence of the form of government, the level of development of civil society, the degree of freedom, and the will of every citizen on the formation of world memory are also pointed out. Keywords: document, archive, memory, collective memory, individual memory, state, society, George Orwell, “1984”.

Incentives for Reading in the System of Socio-Cultural Regulation of Reading Activity

The intensity and content of reading activity largely determine the objective processes of social development; at the same time, it is affected by the system of social regulation of reading behavior, which is carried out by institutional and non-institutional spheres. The lack of significant results testifying to the effectiveness of the program-project activity that has been intensified in recent years in Russia in support and development of reading is largely due to the lack of a system of ideas on the incentives that encourage people to practice certain actions that promote reading.Institutional regulation, represented by a system of power structures, official social and communicative institutions, is implemented through directive, regulatory, normative and legal documents, cultural policies that define the cultural landscape, as well as positioning of reading infrastructure institutions. The latter ones are currently characterized by a tendency to use soft methods of inducing reading on the basis of subject-subject interaction with real and potential readers using their specific means of influence. Advertising and propaganda technologies, methods and means of social technology and social engineering, social planning and forecasting, elements of management psychology are increasingly used. In the non-institutional sphere of regulation, the stimulation of reading activity is realized on the basis of traditions, customs, habits, moods, value representations. The dominant role is played here by the social environment: family, circle of direct communication, reference and subculture groups, networked readership communities.The institutional and non-institutional spheres interact, reflecting each other in their own way; knowledge of the processes taking place in the sphere of public initiative will enable reading infrastructure institutions to harmonize their activities, bringing it into a state corresponding to the real needs of various groups of potential or real readers on the basis of socio-psychological mechanisms of communication, recommendations of “significant others”, various manifestations of fashion in reading.The article shows that, in the system of reading support and development, it is necessary to identify and name the most effective incentives determined by the socio-cultural context; the incentives generated by the sphere of institutional regulation at the level of power structures and reading infrastructure institutions, as well as the incentives spontaneously formed in the sphere of non-institutional regulation of reading activity. What is happening in the non-institutional sphere should become an important guideline for the institutional sphere to adjust its own activities and find the most effective management decisions and means of interaction with readers.