Public Passenger Transport System Research Articles

Planning-Level Optimisation of Headway Regularity

Headway variability has a negative impact on the public transport passengers’ perception of service quality. However, most of the existing methods aimed at improving the headway regularity operate in real time and require precise vehicle location data, making it difficult to implement them in practice. On the other hand, planning-level methods can be used to increase the resilience of public passenger transport (PPT) to the accumulation of headway disturbances. As this is typically done from the operator’s perspective, the passengers’ perspective tends to be overlooked, motivating the current work. In this article, an optimisation procedure for evaluating the viability of diametrical line splitting in terms of passenger travel time and headway regularity is proposed. The aim is to increase the robustness/resistance of the PPT system to the propagation of headway disturbances without reducing the service quality. The developed optimisation procedure was validated by applying it to real data pertaining to an urban PPT line. The results show that there is a positive correlation between the transport demand and the effects of the optimisation procedure, whereby an increase in the primary headway disturbance increases the sensitivity of the optimisation procedure to the transport demand.

Methodology for Designing a System of Public Passenger Transport in a Functional Region

Transport, as an object of research and design, is directly influenced by other functional components of the territory, it is caused by them, but at the same time it determines them in terms of limitations and development. A comprehensive approach to the design of transport systems involves a wide range of analytical and synthetic activities. Transport and territory are interrelated, while transport is one of the main factors defining the functionality of territorial structures. The development of transport systems brings greater availability of work, services, and leisure activities. The transport solution in the territory must be directed towards the adequate satisfaction of the transport needs, which are characterized by the intensity of the transport relations in the territory, depending on the time and quality of the relocation. The article presents a methodology for the design of regional public passenger transport lines, in accordance with the principles of sustainable mobility, supporting the competitiveness of public passenger transport and the efficient use of resources. The proposed methodology presupposes an already completed and processed analytical phase of the transport planning process and includes the impact of public passenger transport on the external environment. The methodology is applicable under the conditions of designing a completely new transport service system, as well as in the process of reorganizing existing transport systems, including rail and bus transport.

IMPACT OF PUBLIC PASSENGER TRANSPORT ORGANIZATION MODEL ON SYSTEM PERFORMANCE AND SERVICE QUALITY

Organization and management of Public Passenger Transport (PPT) system is a complex process, which significantly impacts the functioning of the system. Globally, there is no unique solution for organization model of PPT, but the organization models are adjusted to the characteristics of each individual area. Organization model of PPT, inherited from the self-management system of the former Socialist Federal Republic (SFR) Yugoslavia, became unsustainable in the Municipality of Inđija (Serbia) and did not fulfil transport needs and demands of passengers regarding the amount of transport and its quality in optimal manner. Old organization model has been replaced by a new modern model, based on positive experiences from developed European cities. Article presents the impact of new organization model of PPT on the work of the system. Research has been conducted in order to determine the state of both old and new system’s organization model by counting and interviewing passengers during years 2008 and 2017. In accordance with the changes made in the system, comparative analysis “before and after changes” has been done along with establishing of the effects of changes on functioning of the system and service quality. Results show significantly improved service quality, while transport demands increase by 38.3%.

СБАЛАНСИРОВАННОСТЬ ТРАНСПОРТНОГО ОБСЛУЖИВАНИЯ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ ГОРОДОВ: ОСНОВНЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ

The article selects, studies and structures possible approaches to the assessment of the balance of transport services for the population of cities. The authors have been analyzed the experience in solving the problem of balance the system of transport services for the population of cities and some regulatory documents in the organization of passenger transportation, including those governing the optimization of the structure of public passenger transport. The paper presents ideas about the current level of balance of the Tyumen public passenger transport system. It has been formulated the conclusions about the relevance and prospects of this kind of research in relation to the transport service systems in large cities of the Russian Federation.

Spatial temporal pattern analysis on on-demand cab services in urban areas using GIS

As an important component of the urban public passenger transportation system, cabs / taxi offers an all-weather, convenient, comfortable, and personalized travel services for the urban residents, as well as playing a key role in the urban passenger transportation development. Cab market has gained prominence over last 2-3 years in India, in the backdrop of entry of app based aggregators which has not only disrupted auto-rickshaw and traditional taxi market but also forced automotive Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) to revise their growth and marketing strategies. There is a randomness and lack of regularity of cab operation characteristics, to describe cab travel activity pattern. Inorder to plan and effectively manage on-demand cab services, and to improve better facility to public, there is a need to understand the underlying relationship between supply and demand. This study analyzed the urban cab location distribution characteristics from different temporal and spatial levels. In the time level, the difference with daily location and operation pattern (weekday versus weekends) is identified; in the space level, the cab location pattern over a space are explored. Cab coverage index and Standard deviation ellipse are the tools used in analysing the patterns over time and space frames. This research can be helpful for understanding urban cab behavior pattern, as well as the contribution to the geographical activity space analysis. GIS has been used as a supportive tool in the study

Optimization of Timetables on the Bratislava–Žilina–Košice Route in the Period after the End of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Quality and efficient long-distance transport as a key system of public passenger transport could be the basis for the national and international comprehensive integrated transport system. Especially due to the pandemic caused by the COVID-19 disease, the demand for long-distance transport has significantly decreased since March 2020 in the Slovak Republic on the busiest long-distance line Bratislava–Žilina–Košice. It is, therefore, necessary to propose various measures in order to increase this demand and bring passenger frequencies to at least the level of values before this period. This paper analyzes the impact of the measures on passenger frequencies in 2020, examining the amount of their fall in individual months of the first half of the year 2020 on the long-distance route Bratislava–Žilina–Košice. Furthermore, the paper deals with the long-term concept of national long-distance passenger rail transport on the mentioned line in the period after the end of the pandemic. It uses scientific methods enabling to rationalize and optimize current train timetables. The benefits of these proposals will be to offer passengers better transport services, with their frequencies expected to increase in the coming years.

Development of the logistics system of urban public passenger transport

Setting the task of improving the efficiency of the functioning of the logistics system of urban public passenger transport, which ensures the achievement of the goals set from the standpoint of a client-oriented approach, requires the establishment of regularities for the transformation of the managed system in order to develop management tools that are relevant to future changes in the system and operating factors. To do this, it is necessary to solve a number of specific tasks: to justify the priority of a value-oriented approach as an imperative for the organization of urban public passenger transport logistics systems in the context of new mobility, to identify and systematize the determinants of the development of urban public passenger transport logistics systems, to substantiate the promising states of the structural and dynamic characteristics of urban public transport logistics systems. public passenger transport, to develop strategic structural and functional models for organizing the logistics system of urban public passenger transport. The basis of the research is formed by fundamental and applied works in the field of the general theory of logistics, the concepts of marketing and service logistics, transport and logistics services, the theory of passenger transportation, and the theory of consumer value. In the course of solving problems, general scientific and special methods were used, including a systematic approach, methods of structural-dynamic analysis and structural design, methods of expert assessments, situational and scenario analysis, visualization and meaningful interpretation of factual data. The most significant results of the study: an organizational and economic mechanism is proposed based on the principle of the relationship between the value characteristics of transport and logistics services in the logistics system of urban public passenger transport and the parameters of service and passenger flows, including a set of methods for economic and administrative-legal regulation of the cost parameters of the logistics system using detailed factorial system of customer satisfaction.

Sustainability of public transport in rural areas - Case study city of Jastrebarsko

The mobility of people in rural areas and low population density areas is sometimes difficult. This may be due to the inability of owning a means of transport as well as the inaccessibility of the public transport system. The development of public transport system in areas of low population density can be significant for ensuring mobility for all users. In this way, the quality of life in rural areas will increase. Numerous studies deal with the topic of introducing public transport systems in developed urban areas. In most cases, such systems have an economic calculation due to the large number of its users. On the other hand, there is a small number of studies that are dealing with the topic of introducing public transport systems in rural areas and sparsely populated areas. This paper analyzes the issue of introducing a public passenger transport system in rural areas with an emphasis on economic profitability and analyzes the economic indicators of the public transport system in detail. This paper also presents a case study of the public passenger transport system justification in the city of Jastrebarsko. Namely, a cost-benefit analysis (CBA) was prepared for the purposes of determining the financial and economic justification of the system and ultimately as a basis for obtaining co-financing from national and European Union funds. When calculating the basic financial and economic indicators of the cost-benefit analysis for the introduction of a public transport system of electric vehicles in the city of Jastrebarsko the influence of all measurable factors, both quantitative and qualitative, was included.

МОДЕЛЬ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ РЕГИОНАЛЬНОЙ МАРШРУТНОЙ СЕТИ

The article is devoted to the problem of forming a network of routes (basic and feeder) in the region, taking into account the minimum social standards in the field of public passenger transport. The algorithm of the method of solving this problem is constructed. The proposed metho-dology makes it possible to plan a model of the route network of the district, which takes into ac-count scientific methods for determining the capacity of the flow of passengers, route planning technologies and assumed minimum social standards. the proposed methodology for planning a regional route network does not exist, therefore, its application when making public passenger transport system is the most rational in any region.

Value-based approach to assessing the quality of services in the logistics system of public passenger transport

Value-based approach to assessing the quality of services in the logistics system of public passenger transport

Аналіз індикаторів сталого розвитку міської пасажирської транспортної системи

Establishing the main attributes of population mobility is one of the most important indicators of urban development, which has been studied by domestic and foreign scientists for use in the practice of urban transport planning and the development of sustainable transport systems. Mobility characteristics are also an important source and result for the development of changes in the city master plan and the creation of new management decisions in the operation and operation of the route network of urban passenger transport. However, at the present stage of implementation of transport studies of urban population movement requires consideration of indicators of sustainable development of urban transport systems. In this regard, a study of the functioning of the passenger transport system of public transport in the city of Rivne in terms of the development of the principles of sustainable urban mobility. The use of the system of indicators of sustainable development of urban passenger transport system allows to assess the current situation in the city and outline promising areas for improving the public transport system in conjunction with the spatial development of urban areas to ensure comfortable movement of residents to meet labor and cultural movements. The questionnaire "Study of mobility of the population in the city of Rivne" was used as initial data for definition of indicative indicators of functioning of passenger transport system of public transport of the city of Rivne, in the context of its sustainable development. Three indicative parameters are taken into account, namely: the indicator of access to mobility services, the indicator of the possibility of active mobility and the indicator of the level of satisfaction with public transport. Based on the calculated values of indicative indicators, it can be argued that some indicators of sustainable urban mobility for the city of Rivne are of mediocre importance. This indicates the need to develop strategic measures to improve the city's public passenger transport system in conjunction with its spatial development to increase the comfort of movement of residents of all groups.

Preventive security measures for the public passenger transport system operation based on logistic management principles

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Estimation of Transport Potential in Regional Rail Passenger Transport by Using the Innovative Mathematical-Statistical Gravity Approach

Planning the range of transport services in the selected geographical area is particularly relevant in the context of developing integrated transport systems. The aim is to build a sustainable public passenger transport system as an alternative to individual transport. Realizing quality and efficient transport services is a comprehensive process, though there are currently no applicable principles of its proposal and creation in terms of creating the appropriate range of railway infrastructure. The paper presents the general research results focused on solving the problems of transport services in the regional passenger railway transport. The gravity model allows the study of the dependence between the population in the adjacent area, the availability of stops and the length of the transport line. A part of the research is to adjust the inputs of this model to more accurately determine the range of railway infrastructure. Based on the research of the palette of railway lines, the necessary capacity of infrastructure in terms of ensuring the required number of trains in peak hours is adjusted. The output is a proposal of the session to the calculation of transport potential and subsequently its practical application. Finally, based on its resulting values, it is possible to adjust the transport concept to set up a more efficient and higher quality timetable.

Determining the Extent of Territorial Transport Services When Using Rail Transport

Abstract Planning the extent of transport services within a selected territory is a topical issue especially in the context of developing integrated transport systems. The objective of this research study is to design a sustainable system of public passenger transport that would be an alternative to expanding individual transport. The implementation of a quality and efficient transport service is a relatively complex process, since, currently, there are no generally applicable principles for its design. This manuscript presents general results of research aimed at solving the problem of transport service within a selected territory issue with a focus on rail transport as an efficient transport system representing a backbone of a transport system. The subject of the investigation is to compile a set of factors affecting the design of the transport concept. The output of the manuscript consists in a proposal of a generally applicable procedure including a calculation of transport potential and characteristics of the inputs. Subsequently, based on the resulting values, it will be possible to determine the extent of the transport services provided by rail transport in any territory, which will contribute to a more efficient and high quality theoretical graph of train running.

A method of improving the pedestrian accessibility of the urban public transport stops based on a genetic algorithm

The article discusses the problem of pedestrian accessibility of public transport stops. Research considers and analyses of existing algorithms that allow solving the localization of public transport stops problem in metropolis. The study suggests a formal mathematical description model of the public passenger transport system with stops and routes. A new method based on functions and operators of a genetic algorithm for optimization of public transport stops dislocation was developed. The proposed method is implemented in Python programming language and has been tested on sample data of the city of Samara.

Evaluation System for the Implementation of Public Passenger Transport as a Public Service Obligation

The research in this article relates to an evaluation system for the implementation of lines in a public passenger transport system as a public service obligation. The purpose of this research is to present the methodology for the performance evaluation of a public passenger transport system that serves the public transport authority as a tool for making further decisions. The procedures first refer to the experimental determination of the criteria and then perform the first evaluation in the form of the value of the objective function. This is followed by multi-stage linear regression and optimization procedures that give the relation between the dependent variable ( Y ) and the independent variables ( X , ) that is, the criteria. Optimization is carried out in the coefficients ( β ), which are excluded from the optimization procedures in the case of the calculated statistical degree of insignificance. This research also shows procedures for changing the mathematical form of the criteria records and determining the impact on the final result of optimizations.

Electromovilidad y Eficiencia Energética en el Transporte Público de Pasajeros del Ecuador Continental

El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en establecer cómo incide la Ley de Eficiencia Energética en el Ecuador en el marco del sistema de transporte público de pasajeros para el Ecuador continental. Además de establecer bajo diferentes escenarios hipotéticos proyecciones energéticas en términos comparativos entre autobuses que usan combustibles fósiles particularmente diésel y electromovilidad a través de autobuses eléctricos. La metodología ha sido realizada en atención de establecer para un determinado año base la cantidad de autobuses del sistema de transporte público de pasajeros, su consumo y rendimiento en términos energéticos. Posterior de ello, se utilizó la relación de rendimiento para autobuses eléctricos con fines de analizar la incidencia del cambio tecnológico hacia electromovilidad para conocer cómo se verá afectada la demanda energética de electricidad y como ésta varía en el tiempo hasta el año 2025. Los resultados muestran que en términos de energéticos la migración masiva de autobuses hacia electromovilidad no ocasiona inconvenientes en la oferta y demanda de la electricidad en el Ecuador continental en el transcurso de los años del período de análisis.

Analysis of residents' travel characteristics along Beijing rail transit line based on binary choice model

From ancient to modern times, in the historical process of urban development, urban transportation has been developing along with the development of the city's political, economic and cultural industries, and the relationship between each other has always been a topic constantly discussed by planning scholars. The development of urban transportation promotes the urban population gathering and industrial development, and promotes the development of urban geographical space. At the same time, it also brings endless convenience to urban residents, so that they can complete the displacement from the beginning to the destination with relatively low cost. However, with the rapid development of urban scale and the rapid growth of urban population, the problems of traffic congestion and land resource shortage in big cities of China seriously restrict the improvement of the quality of life of residents and the further development of the city. In this context, compact city is the inevitable choice for future urban development, while the transportation system supporting compact city form can only be public transportation. As a high-volume, efficient and rapid public transport mode, rail transit can not only solve the traffic congestion problem in high-density areas of cities, but also optimize the development and utilization of urban land and adjust the urban spatial layout, which is of great significance for the sustainable development of cities. The network of rail transit in Beijing becomes the backbone of public passenger transport system, and play an irreplaceable role in guiding the urban space layout adjustment, population migration and the transformation of traffic structure. The study of travel characteristics of the residents who live along the rail transit, in-depth analysis the relationship of the rail transit, the population migration and commuter travel, it is of great significance providing decision support for urban planning. Based on binary choice model, establishing the residents' travel choice model, rail transit impact model of different crowds. Study the relationship between rail transit and residents' travel characteristics, predict the rail transit to guide the trend of population migration.

A Novel Model for Determining Public Service Compensation in Integrated Public Transport Systems

In free market conditions, if public passenger transport services are commercially unprofitable, there will be no interest for transport companies to perform them. However, directly because of the citizens’ interests, on the one hand, and indirectly because of the economy, passenger public transport services have become of a general public interest. The authorities must prepare appropriate legal fair market conditions, based on which public transport will be subsidized and conducted. In order to achieve that, for the mutual benefit of the public, users and transport companies, it is necessary that the right Public Service Obligation Model (PSO model or in some literature PCS—Public Service Compensation) be defined. Within this study, the optimal approach to assigning a PSC contract to transport companies for performing the PSO in integrated and regular public passenger transport systems is determined. A novel model, presented in this paper, can help national, regional and local authorities to choose and determine the way and level of PSCs for conducting the public transport of passengers and establishing a sustainable public passenger transport system.

ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT USERS’ SATISFACTION USING QUALITY FUNCTION DEPLOYMENT: BELGRADE CASE STUDY

This paper presents a case study using Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method to identify urban public transport users’ needs and requests and to improve service quality in urban public passenger transport in Belgrade. In order to determine users’ satisfaction, a direct interview – survey a sample of 15000 of urban public passenger transport system users, according to the defined questionnaire has been performed. Results of these interviews are used as input in the first stage of QFD method. An overall unit of eight features and a total of 48 sub-features were defined, which describes all aspects of quality of system and services in urban public passenger transport. The results show that for maximizing effects of quality of service improvement and satisfying customers’ requirements, the public transport service providers and managers in Belgrade should focus primarily on the service reliability and vehicle elements. The two most important quality of service sub-features in urban public passenger transport system in Belgrade based on frequency of statements of users was regularity with 4896 (32.64%) and vehicle comfort (not crowded vehicles) with 3446 (22.97%) statements. Based on the service features analysis within the house of quality, it was defined that the biggest influence is generated through system functioning parameters (reliability): frequency with relative importance 22.0%, staff (drivers) with relative importance 14.0% and headway with relative importance 13.0%. Based on absolute importance the greatest importance should be assigned to vehicle frequency – rank 1, staff (drivers) – rank 2 and headway – rank 3.