Primary Education System Research Articles

Особливості системи початкової освіти в Німеччині

The peculiarities of the system of primary education in Germany are considered in the article. At present Germany takes the peculiar place among the Europian countries, it created one of the best education systems in the world, where the school education is free, general and obligatory. The authors find out the main didactic principles of organizing of educational pocess and methods of teaching children at primary school and emphasize, that the main task of the primary school is transferring the child from the sphere of game to educational activity, assisting natural of a child. Attention is paid to that fact, that the first-year pupils write small essays, then they prepare papes. They are taught to think, to make questions. Children are taught to find information and to structure the text. In the 2nd form children learn to work on computer. They learn to write programs of text`s processing, to draw with simplest graphics`using, to work in Internet. The authors emphasize, that there are subjects at German primary schools: religious education (ethics elementary philosophy), medien learning, transport education and the subject “Boys and girls”. There are not clear dates of school-year and holidays beginning and ending, they are between 16 federal states, and the Konference of Ministers of Culture (KMC) coordinates educational practices at the national level. When some pupils have unsatisfactory marks, they will be transferred to the younger form during the school-year. The authors of the article believe, that studding and analyzing of children education at primary schools of Europian countries is interesting and useful today.

Teaching russian dialogical speech in the context of new educational standards adoption in the primary educational system

The verbal communication and dialogue have recently become the object of scientists’ close attention. The article deals with the problem of teaching Russian dialogical speech and the methods of teaching primary school pupils dialogue at the communication level. The purpose of this article is to draft practical recommendations regarding the problem of teaching primary school pupils Russian dialogical speech in the context of adopting new educational standards at the education system of Ukraine. The stated goals have determined the direction of the study and the choice of the necessary methods. The method of literary sources critical analysis, the study of the school teachers’ experience, the scientific observation, questionnaires and converse were chosen for the study among the methods used in the modern methodology of teaching foreign languages.The article highlights the content line of teaching dialogue at the Russian language lessons, displays and comments on the ways of teaching primary school pupils dialogical speech. We claim that the exercises and tasks used by the teacher during the lesson should foster skills targeted at the development of memory, the ability to predict, carry out equivalent replacements and other operations that support the dialogical process. Also, we have suggested and described the necessary exercises for checking of the meaning of the dialogue perception. In our article, we confirm the initial thesis that on referring to the dialogue it is advisable to be guided by the principle of its functional and stylistic correlation. Working on the dialogue in primary school, it is necessary to use different types of dialogues in, including daily dialogue, newspaper (newspaper and journal) dialogue and fiction dialogue.

Unknown Constantine von Feist: composer, pianist, teacher

Розглянуто постать композитора, педагога, піаніста Костянтина Францовича фон Фейста. Охарактеризовано окремі етапи його життєвого шляху та напрями творчої діяльності, змальовано творчий портрет митця, розкрито його роль у культурно-мистецькому житті України середини XIX століття. З’ясовано, що К. фон Фейст був талановитим концертуючим піаністом. Композитор К. фон Фейст писав переважно популярні на той час салонні п’єси і військові марші, які щедро присвячував членам імператорської родини, даруючи з нагоди ювілеїв, державних свят і різних життєвих подій. Утілюючи свій задум, К. фон Фейст уважний до кожної деталі: він каліграфічно чітко виписував усі знаки акцентуації, педалізації, різноманітні штрихи, динамічні градації. Його автографи справляють враження витонченої графічної роботи. Він активно виявив себе на педагогічній ниві, зокрема його вважають одним із фундаторів приватних музичних шкіл в Україні. У закладах, які відкрив музикант у Воронежі, Сумах, Києві, Ніжині, навчалися діти з родин заможних і бідних городян. За спогадами сучасників, він був сумлінним і досвідченим викладачем. Композиторська спадщина К. фон Фейста здебільшого втрачена, проте окремі матеріали, які збереглися у фондах бібліотек, свідчать про його високий професіоналізм і майстерність. Опуси митця неодноразово прихильно сприймали представники імператорської родини, нагороджуючи його коштовними подарунками. Плідна діяльність К. фон Фейста становить вагомий внесок у розвиток української культури, особливо музичної освіти. Композиторський доробок К. фон Фейста відбиває естетичні тенденції розвитку російської музики у другій половині ХІХ століття.

INDIVIDUALIZATION OF EDUCATION IN THE IRAQI EDUCATION SYSTEM

The article examines how the education of the Republic of Iraq is forced to address such a process of updating the pedagogical system as individualization of education. It describes its state until recent times as an authoritarian traditional system, which gave good results, being inscribed in the traditional social order. In the early 2000s, there was a social catastrophe - the war broke out, which led to the destruction of the educational infrastructure, the flight of the population, the exclusion of a significant number of students from attending schools. Naturally, this affected the results of training. Thus, in the system of primary vocational education, less than 40 % of students achieve positive results according to 2019. Another phenomenon that affected the stability of the traditional system was the change of the civilizational era, which affected many countries. We are talking about the advent of the information age - the rapid spread of digital devices and related information and communication technologies. The type of relationship between teacher and students is changing. The teacher is no longer the exclusive bearer of the content of instruction, the younger generation is more advanced in the possession of the new means of instruction that deliver them the content of instruction. It is required to introduce the student as an active subject of learning activities, to abandon his passive role. The idea of individualization of learning is beginning to penetrate the educational space of Iraq. The author refers to the Russian theory and practice of individualization pedagogy, in particular to the personality-oriented and activity-based approach in teaching in his research work on the development of an electronic course of Informatics for primary vocational education for the Republic of Iraq. He gives concrete steps in this direction and reports on the results.

Social capital in the viewpoint of members of the boards of trustees of primary schools in Assiut governorate countryside, Egypt

The concept of social capital occupied an important place in the era of globalization as a result of the failure of development efforts witnessed in the second half of the last century and the inability to achieve justice, to emphasize its scientific value as a civilized economic effort that went beyond the adversity of development, growth and the inequitable distribution of wealth. In this context, the current research sheds light on the diagnosis of the reality of social capital in the primary school, and how it is formed under the factors linked between the school and members of the Board of Trustees and parents, and the role it plays in guiding and facilitating the educational process, and then achieve the desired scientific knowledge of the educational system. The present research methodology is based on the sample survey methodology applied to 36 members of the Board of Trustees distributed in 5 selected primary schools from the centers of Abutieg, Sahel Selim, Assiut, Qusiya and Abnoub in Assiut governorate, Egypt. Perhaps the most prominent findings of the study are that those with a medium knowledge of the concept of social capital accounted for the majority, while the low and high literacy rate did not exceed a quarter of the total respondents, and that the prevailing trend for the four dimensions of social capital was characterized by the average for the dimension of tolerance, diversity, and acceptance of the other. It had a tendency towards the average for the dimension of mutual trust, and was characterized by the average for the dimension of the network of social relations, coming after the collective and voluntary work to be the predominant trend on the high. Of course, this reality of social capital drives towards improving the relationship between the school and the surrounding community, which leads to improvement of the educational process in the primary education system.

Social Advertising As A Socialization Factor Of The Contemporary Youth

The study focuses on the growing problem of the contemporary society which we may observe in the increasing impact of the media, namely advertising, reflecting in the consumer behavior of the contemporary youth influencing their value systems, in continuity with a significant weakening of the role of primary socialization factors, i.e. families and schools. The study should not only reveal the power of the media affecting the young but also to answer the question of whether social advertising can become a significant socializing factor in the current postmodern society. To find the answer, an extensive quantitative research was carried out in 1,080 primary school respondents, as well as in 1,080 secondary school respondents at 54 schools in the Czech Republic - the sample being directly proportional for girls x boys, and towns/cities x villages. The study also includes conclusions based on the follow-up qualitative research realized in the form of focus groups for pupils of primary and secondary schools, specifically aimed at specifying the effectiveness of social advertising according to the priority presentation of different socially problematic areas. The final part of the study presents the possibility to effectively use social advertising in the role of an educational and training agent in the system of primary and secondary education in the continuity of cooperation with university students with the focus on marketing communications, as well as with marketing employees of advertising agencies.

Implementation of DBSCAN Clustering to Relate Various Parameters to Predict Primary Education Growth Based on Previous Data

Primary Education can be defined as first step of compulsory education which contributes in the development of future of country. Our aimis to develop a prototype based on DBSCAN Clustering Algorithm to monitor the primary education and corresponding utilization of previous data to estimate and predict the future growth of primary Education in India.The major goal of primary education is achieving basic literacy and numeracy amongst all people as well as establishing foundations in science, mathematics, geography, history & social sciences. DBSCAN Clustering Algorithm can be utilized to establish relationship between human resources, infrastructure, government expenditure, actual utilization of these resources and the outcome which is socio-economic makeover of Society of India. It would help to predict and formulate correct path to transform the process of growth of Indian Primary Education System.

Israeli Practices against the Primary Schools in the Eastern Part of the City of Islamicjerusalem (2000-2016)

The study aims to identify the Israeli measures against primary schools in East Islamicjerusalem. To do so, this research reviewed references about Israeli government policies on the primary education system in the eastern part of the city of Islamicjerusalem, obtained statistics from a 78 validate survey out of 80, which were distributed to different schools' staff. The methodology of statistical analysis was used through means and standard deviations and one sample t-test. T Findings of the study revealed that Israel's actions have a negative effect on the development of the primary schools process in East Islamicjerusalem. Based on the findings the author recommended Palestinian Ministry of Education of both the strengthen students and teachers resilience in Arab schools in the eastern part of the city of Islamicjerusalem; in addition to, the need to find a plan to protect students, teachers and primary schools in the eastern part of the city of Islamicjerusalem. The author also recommended Schools management to work on promoting the Palestinian national identity and support the education of Palestinian culture, and to introduce students to the Palestinian issue (of national identity) verbally without relying on the curriculum. Moreover, the author recommended that Palestinian people in the eastern part of the city of Islamicjerusalem must continue to fight for their rights to education with the Israel occupation. Finally, she recommended the Palestinian National Authority to provide adequate financial support to educational institutions in the eastern part of the city of Islamicjerusalem.

Democratic virtues and educational institutions in India – black swans in conflict-ridden Jammu and Kashmir

ABSTRACTWhat goes on within educational institutions can be pivotal for whether and how democracy and political tolerance are nurtured, and peaceful relations between groups encouraged. Several studies oriented to the content of curricula have shown that education in India must be reformed if it is to promote inter-ethnic peace, political tolerance and democracy. The focus of this study, however, is more on the praxis of education – how it is conducted, in what kind of institutional setting it takes place, and what the implications are for inter-ethnic peace. This unique case study of Jammu and Kashmir in India provides unexpected insights into how democratic norms can be promoted in disadvantageous contexts, where open violent conflict prevails and politically intolerant attitudes might normally be expected to result. The findings of this study have important implications for educational reform. First, the authoritarian approach to teaching currently employed in India’s system of primary education needs to be replaced by more modern methods, and corporal punishment must be abolished. Second, the praxis found in at least some of the country’s institutions of higher learning should be encouraged, due to the role it plays in bridging ethno-religious divides and breaking path-dependent trajectories towards political intolerance.

Художественное конструирование как средство развития формотворчества у младших школьников

The paper is devoted to the issue of studying and developing the ability to create new art forms in children of primary school age. The authors review various approaches to the study of creativity. One modern trend of studying creativity is by considering this ability as the special mental phenomenon, a psychological phenomenon of complex structure that includes various components, one of which is the ability to create new forms of art. In the context of this work, it is important to consider creativity and its components that are amenable to change and development. The concept of “form-creativity” is revealed as a structural component of creativity and creative process, i.e. the process of changing or transforming the subject of creative activity and obtaining an innovative form as a result. The authors present a model for a new research approach to form-creativity as a parameter of creativity in the design activity of primary school children. The model predetermines the selection of methods, both classical and modified, to be used in order to detect the intellectual parameters of form-creativity, i.e. “Sketches” (by Elena E. Tunik), “Graphic anagrams” (by Tatiana A. Barysheva), and aesthetic ones, i.e. “The Geometry Song” (by Elena M. Torshilova and Tatiana V. Morozova). The authors devote special attention to the analysis and interpretation of empirical research results and formulate three levels of form-creativity development in primary school children: “Apprentice”, “Journeyman”, and “Master”. The study also revealed some connections between intellectual parameters (a child’s ability to transform) and aesthetic ones (a pupil’s sense of form) with age peculiarities of primary school students. The authors propose a program for the development of form-creativity by means of design activities, grounding the urgency of the program, defining the tasks, and highlighting the principles and peculiarities of its practical organisation. Considering the peculiarities and specificity of the artistic design method as a factor of child development reform, the authors define directions and areas of similar work in creative workshops. Pedagogical perspectives of work are outlined through the development of educational design programs and the introduction of design into the primary education system.

Formulation of Scientific Concepts as a Component of the Research Competence of Future Teachers

The article presents the authors’ method of teaching undergraduate and Master’s degree students majoring in education to formulate scientific concepts including the key concepts that constitute the theoretical basis of any pedagogical research. We regard this skill as one of the components of the research competence of a modern teacher. In accordance with his labor functions, he (she) has to lead the research and project activities of students in the system of primary, basic and secondary general education. The article reveals the content of research competence which includes two groups of research skills: work with literary sources and actual work with text of a research. The authors consider three types of tasks for the formulation of scientific concepts of different levels of complexity, describe an algorithm for performing by students tasks of each type. In addition, the article reveals the pedagogical significance of teacher’s ability to formulate scientific concepts and describes the positive results of mastering this skill by undergraduates and Master’s degree students in education.

The educational Evolution in Iran and Germany: the case of primary education (Grundschule)

Aim. In recent decades, according to the enormous transformation in educational systems, the importance of educational spaces in the developed world has been increasingly sought after by educators and due to think of all the more attractive these spaces, they have thought differently. The present study was conducted to study the evolution of the educational environment of primary schools in Iran and Germany and compare them with each other.Methods. This research is descriptive research based on the comparative method. The study has also the standards criteria for designing primary schools in Iran and Germany.Results. The results of the research point to various differences between schools in Iran and Germany and then justify the differences similarities between the organization of primary education, description of the primary education system, selecting and training teacher education and similarity how to select and educate the teacher.Conclusion. The study showed In Iran, a major factor in the development of education is religion. In the pre-Islamic period, Zoroastrianism has been a factor in the philosophy and principles of education. After Islam, education has benefited from the philosophy and principles of Islam and has fully influenced primary education. But in the primary period of the German educational system, politics, ideology and the opinion of educators have played an important role in the transformation of education and, as such, in primary education.

SMART KIDS ЯК ТЕХНОЛОГІЯ НАВЧАННЯ УЧНІВ ПОЧАТКОВОЇ ШКОЛИ

The article presents an analysis of national and foreign experience of electronic textbooks use in the system of education. It is justified the use of Smart Kids technology as a system of methods, forms, and electronic educational game resources, electronic textbooks for educational process in the system of primary school. Four forms of Smart Kids technology implementation (Smart Case, Smart Teacher, Smart Class, and Smart Kids) were described considering the facilities of every school as well as the level of information and communication technology qualification of the primary school teacher. The aim of introduction of the technology for each form of teaching, the necessary equipment, and means for its implementation in primary school environment were determined. Based on the procedural approach to work of the primary school teacher, six stages of introduction of the technology were justified. Specific aspects of introduction of blended teaching using the principles of Smart Kids technology were defined. The experience of introduction of electronic textbooks to the system of primary education of Ukraine was described, the choice of electronic textbooks by primary school teachers was justified, the comments and suggestions of teachers regarding the arrangement of electronic content in E-textbooks were summarized, the main approaches of teachers to the choice of an electronic textbook and development of their information and communication competence were specified. Proposals are given for training future primary school teachers on the use of Smart Kids technology and the inclusion in the curriculum of topics such as: the concept of EER, EEGR and electronic textbook, structure and development of EER, the use of Smart Kids technology for teaching students, the latest forms of work with students, work with network programs for organizing a survey of students. The fragments of use of electronic textbook in teaching 6-year-old pupils were provided. It was identified that the forms, methods, and techniques of use of electronic textbooks in teaching primary school pupils require further justification.

TRAJETÓRIAS DO HABITUS AVALIATIVO NO DECORRER DA CARREIRA DOCENTE

Este estudo analisou as trajetórias de estruturação e mudanças no habitus avaliativo de professores de Educação Física durante a carreira docente. Para tanto, foram entrevistados doze docentes da rede estadual de ensino básico do Paraná. Os dados foram analisados com o auxílio do programa NVivo 10, que possibilitou a identificação de categorias de análise. Os resultados revelaram que no decorrer da carreira dos docentes houve uma trajetória para práticas orientadas no processo (evolução) e no engajamento (centrada no coletivo), apesar das experiências vividas ao longo da vida escolar e da formação profissional terem determinado inicialmente o habitus avaliativo, que compreendia práticas orientadas para o produto (resultado) e a seleção (centrada no indivíduo). Tais mudanças resultaram das relações dos professores com as tensões do campo educacional, como a orientação dos documentos educacionais para a adoção da avaliação formativa, a função social assumida pela escola e as mudanças no perfil dos estudantes.

An n-gram based approach to the automatic classification of schoolchildren’s writing

This article focuses on the analysis of schoolchildren’s writing (throughout the whole primary school period) using sets of morphological labels (n-grams). We analyzed the sets of bigrams and trigrams from a group of literary texts written by Catalan schoolchildren in order to identify which bigrams and trigrams can help discriminate between texts from the three cycles into which the Spanish primary education system is divided: lower cycle (6- and 7-year-olds), middle cycle (8- and 9-year- olds) and upper cycle (10- and 11-year-olds). The results obtained are close to 70% of correct classifications (77.5% bigrams and 68.6% trigrams), making this technique useful for automatic document classification by age.

Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Wildfire Exposure

Introduction:Wildfires are life threatening incessant fires in thickly vegetated areas that spread extremely rapidly to human habitat and are difficult to control by human force. The impact of wildfires is enormous on population health and causes tremendous financial burden to individuals and communities.Aim:The aim is to understand the potential disease burden secondary to wildfires both at an individual and population level and reflect upon the immediate and delayed neuropsychiatric manifestations of smoke exposure.Methods:Data on wildfires associated direct and indirect costs on individual health and health care delivery appears to be scant. The effort of this presentation is to present the federal data from 2012 to 2016 on nationwide wildfires, estimated acreage consumed in wildfires, the population exposed, and deaths. Information was extracted from the National Interagency Fire Center, the United States Fire Administration, and the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Through literature review on neuropsychological sequelae of wildfires smoke inhalation and associated trauma, the goal is to reflect upon potential healthcare burden secondary to neuropsychiatric manifestations.Results:Per National Center for Health Statistics, the national fire death rates from 2012 to 2016 ranged 10 to 11 per million population each year, and the property loss both residential and non-residential was estimated at 9 to 10 billion dollars each year. We know healthcare cost is expensive in the United States, and with the stated estimates, one can only envision the health care and public health system burden.Discussion:The characteristic neuropathology of carbon monoxide toxicity is bilateral Globus pallidus necrosis and the common neuropsychological symptoms include fatigue, affective conditions, emotional distress, memory deficits, sleep disturbance, vertigo, dementia, and psychosis. The health effects and associated disability demand policymakers to allocate resources for wildfire prevention/ containment and primary health care providers education, research, and building effective healthcare delivery systems.

Technology Foresight In The Virtual Learning Environment in Malaysia

The government has adopted the Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) into the primary and secondary education system via the 1BestariNet project. Since this project is expected to consume more than RM 4 billion, it is vital to do technology foresight to identify the emerging technologies which can be integrated to the VLE system. Besides, the emerging technologies must also be ranked accordingly so that the government can be made aware from the most practical technologies to the least for future study or procurement processes. This will indirectly help to identify technologies which are becoming obsolete or not relevant in the digital education field. This will certainly help the government to budget wisely and avoid any wastage or ill-spending.

Teacher Training for the System of Primary Education in Switzerland in the mid-nineteenth century

Teacher Training for the System of Primary Education in Switzerland in the mid-nineteenth century

Разноуровневый подход к обучению: исследование на основе анализа проверочных работ младших школьников

The article substantiates the expediency of introducing multilevel training for a contingent of children who are not sufficiently prepared for school and demonstrate a reduced or low level of results when writing the final verification work. Particular attention is paid to the approved diagnostic tools in the form of a single set of verification work, which makes it possible to adequately assess the educational potential of younger students, and the conditions for its successful use are indicated. The author presents these studies, confirming the need for differentiation of the educational process, taking into account the real possibilities of schoolchildren, which allows to improve the system of primary school education.

Sistem Penjaminan Mutu Pendidikan Dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Pendidikan Sekolah Dasar Di Kecamatan Gajah Mungkur Kota Semarang

Quality assurance is a series of processes and related systems to collect, analyze, and report data on the performance and quality of educators and education personnel, programs and institutions. The quality assurance process identifies aspects of achievement and priority for improvement, provides data as a basis for planning and decision making and helps build a culture of continuous improvement. The achievement of the quality of education for primary and secondary education in Indonesia is assessed based on the eight National Education Standards of the BSNP. The regional autonomy policy has an impact on the management of education in the region. Efforts to standardize quality must be the focus of attention in an effort to maintain the quality of education nationally. The quality assurance and improvement system of primary and secondary education in Indonesia operates within an education management and government system that delegates most of the responsibility for implementation to provinces, districts, foundations and schools/madrasahs. Achievement of education quality for primary and secondary education is assessed based on the eight National Education Standards from the BSNP. the system of guaranteeing and improving the quality of education in elementary school education in Gajahmungkur District, Semarang City is related to three main aspects, namely: (1) Studying the concept of Education Quality Assurance, (2) Development of an effective education quality information system for management, decision making in assurance and improving the quality of education, and (3) Continuous Education Quality Assurance System through School Self Evaluation (EDS) to step into the education quality assurance process.