System Of International Economic Relations Research Articles

Риски мировой рецессии в условиях кризиса глобализации

Today, a decade after the 2008–2009 global crisis, the outlook for the global economy is still uncertain, as not all the economic wounds left by the crisis have been fully delayed, and its effects continue to have a profound and far-reaching impact on the world economic system. It is also obvious that under the influence of current scientific and technological changes and in the context of shifts in the international strategic balance of power, the global trade and economic architecture is significantly transformed. The process of globalization, which has defined the vector of world development in recent decades, is changing. The key question is in what directions, at what pace and with what risks the transformational trends that have already begun will develop, and what will they bring to the international community. In this regard, many experts representing prestigious supranational organizations and leading Think Tanks express reasonable concerns on the imminent onset of a global recession, which could develop into a new global crisis. There is no need to prove the pernicious nature of development under such a scenario, so preventing such a course of events and neutralizing emerging risks is one of the most important strategic objectives of the international agenda. In other words, according to the author, the aim of the international community should be to coordinate and synchronize actions aimed at neutralizing all sorts of negative trends of recent times that undermine the sustainability of the global economy and world trade, which ultimately generates more and more geopolitical threats. It is critical that joint efforts must be taken to close the cracks in the system of international economic relations.

Transnational corporations and economic security: interaction in terms of globalization.

Since the end of the twentieth century, globalization processes in the world take a new level every year. This, in turn, affects the development of transnational companies (TNCs), which spread their influence on the economies of countries across the planet, as well as on the system of international economic relations as a whole. It can be said that, recently, transnationals have been the initiators and main supporters of the introduction of globalization. Given that TNCs have virtually unlimited financial resources, their activities pose threats to economic security for both host and home countries. This is mainly due to the fact that the interests of states and companies in relation to which the economic distribution of TNCs is directed are not fully taken into account, and also because the goals of many TNCs and the countries where they are based contradict the basic principles of economic security. The authors of the article describe the main components of economic security, analyze transnational companies, their impact on the economies of countries, as well as proposed steps to strengthen international economic security and that of the country as a whole.

THE ROLE OF COORDINATION OF INDUSTRIAL POLICIES OF MEMBER STATES INTEGRATION ASSOCIATIONS IN CONDITIONS OF GLOBALIZATION

The article discusses the phenomenon of coordination of industrial policies as a way to resolve the conflict of modern international economic relations. The concept of modern industrial policy in the context of deepening globalization and expansion of international integration is clarified. It is proposed to expand the number of subjects of industrial policy by including transnational corporations, international financial organizations and industrial lobbies of foreign countries. The qualitative changes in the system of international economic relations due to the transformation of the interests of the subjects of industrial interaction are revealed, which increases the role of national industrial policies and causes an objective need for their interstate coordination and subordination.

To the question on the role of foreign investments within the system of international economic relations: legal perspective

This article examines the question on the role of foreign investments within the system of international economic relations from the perspective of law. The author analyzes the main and auxiliary goals of an investor and the country-recipient of foreign investments and the country of origin of the investments. The legal-economic concept of “investment/foreign investment” is viewed considering the author’s opinion that investments as such are multifunctional. Different understanding in this regard underline the various aspects of the phenomenon; thereat, the legislators of different countries are guided by their teleological reasons, while representatives of the doctrine – by affiliation to one or another scientific specialty (or school). The scientific novelty lies in articulation of the problem, as well as the approaches towards its studying. The new data regarding the records and information on the role of foreign investments within the system of international economic relations are introduced into the Russian-language discourse. The conclusion is made that the foreign investments are characterizes by versatile functionality, expansion of which is substantiated by the needs of the country-recipient of investments along with the country of their origin.  

Міжнародні зв'язки господарства українських земель як об'єкт історико-економічного дослідження

The purpose of this publication is to present the main idea, conceptual and methodological foundations, theoretical background, sources and directions of the study of the historical development of foreign economic relations of the Ukrainian economy. Finding ways for Ukraine to abandon the pattern of import dependent development and low-tech export is an urgent scientific and practical task. Historical factors play an important role in determining the country’s international specialization and position in world markets. The object of the study is the historical process of the inclusion of Ukraine’s economy in the system of international economic relations. Regularities, trends and national peculiarities in the formation of foreign economic relations of Ukraine’s economy are the subject of the study. The economic methodology of the study is based on an evolutionary-institutional approach. Traditional and contemporary theories of international trade, economic integration, foreign economic policy, international competition and national competitiveness are the theoretical foundations of the study. Analysis of historical sources opens up problem areas of scientific research and gives grounds for forming its working hypotheses. Studying the history of foreign trade, labor migration, participation in international monetary relations, international cooperation of production and the relationship of structural changes in the economy with the forms of international economic relations are the main fields of the investigation. Historical research is the basis for making proposals on optimization of the national foreign economic policy with the purpose of strengthening the economic sovereignty of the state, development of the national economy and ensuring its international competitiveness.

Вплив науково-технічної революції на зовнішньоекономічні зв'язки та міжнародну економічну інтеграцію у другій половині ХХ ст.

The article is concerned with studying of the impact of scientific and technological progress on economic integration and the involvement of individual countries in the international division of labor. The historical period of research covers the second half of the twentieth century. The purpose of the article is to define the main directions and features of the USSR's foreign economic policy under scientific and technological revolution and strengthening of international economic integration. Causal link between the development of international trade and economic integration under the impact of the scientific and technological revolution’s challenges is shown in the results of the study. The place of the USSR and its satellites in the system of international economic relations is revealed. International trade with capitalist countries and economic relations with the CMEA are identified as the main directions of the involvement of Soviet economy in the international division of labor. The place of Ukraine in the system of foreign economic relations of the USSR is outlined. The statistical data as to international trade of USSR with capitalist and CMEA countries is compared by volume and major commodities. Preference for economic cooperation with the CMEA countries based on central planning in the absence of competition are revealed. The backward structure of the USSR's international trade with the predominance of energy and raw materials exports is emphasized, as well as the lagging behind the capitalist countries in the use high technology for the production of household goods. The results of research are important for understanding the current needs of inclusion of the national economy in the global economic processes.

ВОЕННАЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ И ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ КАК СОСТАВЛЯЮЩИЕ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

Against the background of increasing the factor of power in international relations of the states of the Euro-Atlantic, Eurasian and Asia-Pacific regions, undermining the system of global security, it is becoming clearer that the role of the Russian Federation lies in maintaining the strategic balance and balance of power in the world. This trend is becoming a key one in ensuring the stability of the system of international economic relations. Theoretical and methodological experience of past generations influenced the world community on adequate understanding of the real threats to national security. The analysis of the processes of interconnections and interdependences of military and economic security (as components of national security) revealed the mobility of the configuration of and shifting towards the priority of successful and prosperous economic development of the individual and society. The emphasis on solving the large-scale tasks facing the Russian state in the economy, social sphere, and infrastructure is stipulated by both the inefficiency of the processes of militarization and the arms race from a military point of view, and the unjustified costs from an economic point of view. The desire of Russian Federation for the effective functioning of the state policy is now confirmed by the concentration of efforts of the individual, society and the state on the introduction of outstanding achievements that underlie promising military developments in high-tech industries. When predicting the course and outcome of the processes of saving human civilization on our planet, it is logical and useful for the world community to take into account the expediency of extrapolation of the positive trend set by Russia, and the firm consolidation of this trend for many years.

The Influence of Import Substitution on Regional Positioning in the System of International Economic Relations

The purpose of the research is to substantiate what kind of influence the import substitution has on the positioning of different types of regions in the system of international economic relations. The research is focused on two types of regions — the industrial type (the Sverdlovsk region) and the agricultural type (Rostov and Krasnodar regions). The research hypothesis is following: import substitution influences not only the replacement of imported goods by the domestic ones, but also can change regional positioning in the international economic relations system. The authors propose the methodological approach. It examines the regional economy according to three levels: a system of entities engaged in foreign economic activity; a system of the support of import substitution and export orientation in a region; a system of international economic relations. Regional positioning in the system of international economic relations is expressed in manufacture and agriculture exports and imports. Our methodological approach reveals the dependence between manufacture and agriculture exports and imports and the manufacturing and agriculture output, including correlation analysis. We have offered a technique based on the comparative analysis of the effectiveness of import substitution in two regions’ types applying correlation analysis. The analysis has shown the interrelation of the development processes of domestic manufacturing and agriculture, their export and import in 2005–2016. The import decrease and export increase (after 2014) were mainly due to regional specialization in international division of labour. This demonstrates the results of import substitution. The research results can be used for further development of the strategies of regional international economic activity including such instruments as import substitution and export promotion.

Improvement of the Institutional Environment as the Conditions of the Effectiveness of the State Financial Policy of Social Development in Ukraine

The article reveals the essence of the institutional environment and generalizes the scientific approaches to its definition. It is shown that the dynamic development of all spheres of society’s life needs to take into account the state of the country institutional environment in the process of the state financial policy implementation. The social, economic and political institutions are outlined. Significant components of the institutional environment that form its segments in the context of influence on social processes in society are singled out. It is shown that in Ukraine, along with the instability of economic dynamics, high debt burden, increased openness of the economy and deepening of the processes of integration into the system of international economic relations, there is an aggravation of social problems and the probability of occurrence of social risks increases, which manifests itself in the existence of a number of social imbalances. The institutional aspects of the important components of the state financial policy ‒ the fiscal policy, which in the conditions of instability has more effective influence on social processes, in particular, in the aspect of neutralization of social instability risks, are determined. It was shown that in the conditions of a weak institutional environment there is a risk of increasing inefficient budget expenditures in connection with the implementation of the social function of the state, in particular, expenditures of social orientation. Moreover, under these conditions, increasing levels of funding will lead to increasingly inefficient spending, caused by the existence of institutional dysfunctions. Among the major dysfunctions of the institutional environment in the aspect of their influence on the formation and implementation of the state financial policy of social development of the society attention was drawn to the existence of a debt trap in Ukraine and the trap of «the vicious circle of poverty». It is shown that reforms are being carried out in the country and measures are taken to improve the institutional environment, including in order to eliminate these traps. However, some measures are still non-systematic, consistent, situational in nature. It is substantiated that the state financial policy can influence the improvement of the formal component of the institutional environment of the society, which will increase its effectiveness, provided that certain coordination measures are implemented. At the same time, the need to improve the quality of the institutional environment focuses on its informal component, which today remains virtually oblivious. The methods of the institutional environment improving are generalized and the possibilities of realization of some of them in Ukraine are outlined. It is concluded that the improvement of the institutional environment for the implementation of the social function of the state in Ukraine should be carried out mainly through modernization, rather than institutional design, since under the conditions of slow economic dynamics such an approach will not lead to a significant increase in transaction costs.

SYSTEM DETERMINANTS OF THE FORMATION OF THE NEO-FINANCIAL ORDER IN THE CONDITIONS OF NONEQUILIBRIUM DEVELOPMENT

Introduction. By monitoring the aggregate cumulative effects of the recent global financial turmoil, it becomes clear that the world financial order and the system of international economic relations are based on the “debris” of Bretton Woods agreements. This can be explained by the fact that there are no alternatives for the outdated agreements. The modern world economy continues to have a pronounced rental character. Thus, it can be argued that it is one of the root causes of the global development divergence, the income imbalances, and financial imbalances. Those, in turn, are causing global asymmetries and socio-economic inequalities. Consequently, the modern world economy can be defined as a financial economy (in its essence). Therefore, the consideration of fundamental global financial imbalances will lead to an understanding of the system determinants of the need to change the modern world financial order. The purpose of the study is to deepen the theoretical and methodological foundations of both identification and development of system determinants of global financial instability. As well as to substantiate and develop the concept of constructing neo-financial order in the conditions of nonequilibrium global development. Results. System determinants of global financial instability are revealed. The new systemic risks that provoke global financial crises in the era of the digital economy and digital finance are highlighted. In addition to that, the need for the global currency system reform and the global financial architecture reform were discussed. As well as the more recent need – the formation of a neo-financial world order (a new level based on absolute new principles and principles) was studied.The essential basis of modern crises is highlighted. Among which, first, contradictions between the laws of the functioning of the globally-centered economy, which is a systemic integrity. Second, the heterogeneity of the structure-functional construction of a geospatial, which operates on the principles of globalization diversion. Additionally, the nature of the crises spread, which resembles the spread of seismic waves with resonance effect, is substantiated.The events that have taken place in recent years, and which gave a powerful impetus to the processes of formation of qualitatively other geo-economic and geopolitical foundations for the reform of the global financial system have been characterized. Conclusions. The concept of construction of the world neo-finance order in the conditions of nonequilibrium global development is substantiated. The objective necessity of building a new world financial architecture was proven. The last should be based on qualitatively new principles, mechanisms, and nterconnections of global governance, and should challenge the creation of a new world financial order.

ВПЛИВ ТРАНСНАЦІОНАЛІЗАЦІЇ НА РОЗВИТОК КОНКУРЕНТНИХ ВІДНОСИН

The essence of transnationalization as a special stage of globalization of economy is investigated. The essence of transnational corporations (TNCs) is revealed, their place in the system of international economic relations is determined. The role of TNCs in the context of their particular impact on the integration of national enterprises into the world economy and the main causes of the transnational capital movement at the present stage are analyzed. The new forms of the influence of transnationalization on the development of a competitive environment in the world economy are considered. The peculiarities of national base of transnational corporations and their branch specialization are analyzed. The problems and contradictions of the functioning of the TNC as the basis of the development of the world economy at the present stage and the changes in their activities as a result of the evolution of global processes and the intensification of the use of information and communication technologies are considered. The prospects of innovation and investment cooperation of Ukraine with TNCs as a powerful mechanism for the emergence of a long-term financial and economic crisis are proposed. Attention is drawn to the problems of attracting small and medium enterprises in the network of TNCs.

МОРСКОЙ ТРАНСПОРТНЫЙ КОМПЛЕКС В СИСТЕМЕ МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ

МОРСКОЙ ТРАНСПОРТНЫЙ КОМПЛЕКС В СИСТЕМЕ МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ

Analysis of society’s spatial organization’s factors as a tool to increase effectiveness of geographical education and the applied role of geography

The purpose of this article. The article defines the development factors of natural, demographic, political, economic and social systems. Variants of factors classification by various criteria are stated. Assessment of features and consequences of separate factors’ influence on the territorial organization and development of economy is given. The main material. The main attention is paid to the analysis of spatial factors, as well as to scientific and technical progress. Types of geographical location and subspecies of the economic and geographical situation are considered. The main features and directions of scientific and technological progress, consequences of the scientific and technological revolution in production and the service sector are outlined. Among the main consequences of the scientific and technological revolution impact are: automation, creation of new materials, computerization, creation of global networks. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of the negative consequences of scientific and technological progress. The classification of activities according to the leading factor of territorial organization is given, as well as corresponding examples. The increase in the influence of military and political factors, both on the development of the economies of individual countries as a whole, and on the system of international economic relations, is noted. It is emphasized that the spatial organization of the economy is constantly becoming more complex under the influence of new factors. Conclusions and further research. The necessity to study the totality of the factors under consideration in the system of general and higher geographic education is substantiated. It is suggested that they be taken into account when implementing programs for socioeconomic development of regions and countries. It is noted that in assessing the direction and the degree of individual factors’ influence, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the territory - the size, configuration, location of the population and economic objects, the level of infrastructure development, coordination of management decisions.

Імплементація концепції “великих даних” у державну статистику

Стаття присвячена дослідженню розвитку концепції “великих даних” в світі та її впливу на трансформацію статистичного моделювання економічних процесів. Наголошено на важливості імплементації “великих даних” у систему державної статистики України, що дасть можливість корегування економічної політики у відповідності зі змінами інституційного середовища.

STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP AS A FORM OF INNERSTATE COOPERATION

Urgency of the research topic. Urgency of studying strategic partnership is stipulated by the necessity to increase efficiency of international cooperation to solve priority economic and political purposes and anti action to the threats of economic security of the countries-members. Target setting. The efficient model of interstate cooperation is strategic partnership that is based on mutual foreign economic and foreign policy support. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Researches of O. Bilorus, D. Lukianenko, D. Kudyrko, N. Kukharska, V. Manzhola, A. Mazaraki, T. Melnik, B. Parakhonsky, V, Yukhymenko, G, Yavorska are devoted to the conceptual principles of strategic partnership as an efficient instru-ment of interstate interaction. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. At the present moment, there is no unanimity among the scientists and politicians concerning scientific definition of the term “strategic partnership”. Consequently, some international economic relations defined as strategic partnership in reality are not as those. And wide spread relations doesn’t allow to concentrate efforts and resources on actually perspective strategically significant for the economy of Ukraine directions of international cooperation. Task setting. The article is devoted to defining contextual characteristics of strategic partnership and its place in the system of international economic relations; to compliance evaluation of declared relations of strategic partnership of Ukraine and principles of strategic partnership; analysis of legislative and normative acts of Ukraine that serve the grounds of international cooperation in form of strategic partnership. Statement of the main material. Within the article, contextual characteristics strategic partnership were defined. Place of strategic partnership in the system of international economic relations was defined. Legislative and normative acts of Ukraine that serve the grounds for interstate cooperation in form of strategic cooperation were analyzed. Circle of strategic partners of Ukraine within national interests implementing connected with guaranteeing national security, defense and energy security of Ukraine was defined. Conclusions. The result of the performed research is: definition of the principles and contextual characteristics of strategic partnership; grounding the defining priorities of strategic partnership of Ukraine.

Tax policy in the contemporary world: peculiarities and prospects, implementation in Russia

The article describes the peculiarities of tax policy implementation in the system of international economic relations under conditions of contemporary development, characterized by turbulence, unpredictability and high speed of changes. The author estimates the influence of modern transformational changes on national tax systems and tax policies of the leading countries of the World, including their adaptation to the so-called “new normality”, the decline of liberalism and the deceleration of globalization, virtualization of economic activity and revival of the idea of national identity. Taking into account the impact of the above factors, the author forecasts a common vector of national tax systems’ development, as well as evaluates inter-state interactions in tax matters and determines perspectives of tax policy improvement in Russia on the eve of presidential elections of 2018. The main conclusions are following: 1) in the modern world the best is such a tax policy, which is focused on the regulating (stimulating), and not on the fiscal role of taxes; 2) the process of intensive international tax cooperation, which started just after beginning of the recent global economic crisis, is developing quite successful and it involves more and more interested countries; 3) modern tax systems at the present time are influenced by a large number of transformational factors, including global turbulent environment, which are reflected accordingly in the national tax policy and not always unequivocally positive; 4) tax policy of the Russian Federation ahead of the presidential elections in 2018 and after them should be continuity to the period of 2000-2017 years, considering appropriate progressive global trends. Highlights In the modern world the best is such a tax policy, which is focused on the regulating(stimulating), and not on the fiscal role of taxes The process of intensive international tax cooperation, which started just afterbeginning of the recent global economic crisis, is developing quite successful and itinvolves more and more interested countries Modern tax systems at the present time are influenced by a large number of transformational factors, including global turbulent environment, which are reflected accordingly in the national tax policy and not always unequivocally positive Tax policy of the Russian Federation ahead of the presidential elections in 2018and after them should be continuity to the period of 2000–2017 years, considering appropriate progressive global trends For citation Pogorletskiy A. I. Tax policy in the contemporary world: peculiarities and prospects, implementation in Russia. Journal of Tax Reform, 2017, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 29–42. DOI : 10.15826/jtr.2017.3.1.029 Article info Received February 10, 2017; accepted March 20, 2017

The legal system of Ukraine in the context of globalization.

The legal system of Ukraine in the context of globalization.

МЕГАРЕГИОНЫ В ГЛОБАЛИЗИРУЮЩЕМСЯ ХОЗЯЙСТВЕ

The bipolar nature of modern world – globalization and fragmentation – speeds up regional movements and economic integration. These processes in peripheral regions are expected to grow more vigorously than in the developed regions. Fragmentation redoubled the number of national economies and reduced their average size. To withstand the impact of globalization peripheral countries apply to their regional potential: they increase the connectivity of integration unions and regional infrastructure. The developed countries with their oversupplied home markets concentrate on outward expansion. Interaсtion of these heterogeneous foreign trade strategies gave birth to new links in the system of international economic relations – mega-regionalism and interregional constructions including transoceanic integration unions like TTP. The world economy is in store for a new division line because of the coexistence and competition between mega-regional and transoceanic integration unions. One of the possible repercussions of these events may be the emergence of geopolitical and geoeconomic triad – NATO, TTIP, TTP. Under such international situation peripheral economies are able to build regional integration unions and function for many years but mostly without any noticeable progress. Low internal connectivity hampers their movement towards the integration threshold. That’s why integration process should be analyzed by dividing it into two stages – initial (start) period (until reaching integration threshold and nature stage (integration build mainly on its own recourses and base). The possibility of measuring quantitatively the approach to integration threshold allows to determine the division line between two stages. Duration of the first stage is 10–12 and more years. The creation of a successful project of regional economic integration takes at least 20–30. Proposals are made how to measure the progress of regional integration projects.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ПРОЦЕСУ МОДЕРНІЗАЦІЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ ЛІВІЇ З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ МЕТОДИЧНИХ ПІДХОДІВ ПЛАНУ МАРШАЛЛА

The paper investigated the essence of modernization and the role of innovation in achieving global competitiveness of national economies. It was found that the comprehensive modernization of the country suggests that the success of the modernization is due not only to the promotion of innovation activity of enterprises, but also affects the mental and cultural, and institutional and historical sphere.The author's approach and developed an algorithm for multivariate study of space (for example, Libya) in the system of international economic relations in the modernization of the national economy and achieve global competitiveness have been proposed. For objective analysis and variegated places Libya in international economic relations and prospects of modernization of its economy suggested two stages: to define of the determinants of economic development of Libya, to evaluate prospects of economic recovery with multivariate methods.The determinants of development priorities and modernize the economy of Latvia have been identified.The top priorities of reconstruction and modernization of the economy of Latvia, the implementation of which can significantly improve the global competitiveness of the country, are: modernization of the financial market of Libya; holding a package of priority reforms for the institutionalization of the European Neighbourhood Policy - Libya; modernization of oil and gas and transportation industries.

FORMATION OF FRANCHISING AS A ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION OF GLOBAL ECONOMY

In the context of globalization and integration franchising is now becoming both increasingly popular and profitable. Franchising allows the franchisor to be present in many markets at no additional cost. It promotes rapid dissemination of healthy goods and services in new markets and consequently combines the advantages of both small and medium-sized businesses. The purpose of this paper is to examine the main approaches to the definition of franchising in Ukrainian and foreign literature. The article is devoted to a detailed analysis of the concept of franchising, its formation and basic conditions of development and functioning in a system of international economic relations. The historical and economic aspects of the evolution of the franchise business strategy in the global economy are studied. The theoretical basis of franchising as an economic category and principal shareholders are analyzed. The main historical stages of formation and development of business in the franchise are examined. The necessity of franchise relations in the international economy and main features, advantages and disadvantages of franchising are investigated. Key words: franchising; international integration; the global economy; international economic relations; franchisor; franchisee.